摘要:目的 探討分析硝酸甘油控制性低中心靜脈壓(CLCVP)技術(shù)對腹腔鏡肝切除肝癌患者腦代謝指標(biāo)及腦血氧飽和度的影響,從而降低患者神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)并發(fā)癥發(fā)生風(fēng)險。方法 選擇2020年4月—2023年5月在中南大學(xué)湘雅醫(yī)院附屬??卺t(yī)院擇期行腹腔鏡下肝切除術(shù)的肝癌患者105例,隨機分為CLCVP組54例、非CLCVP組51例。術(shù)中CLCVP組患者采用硝酸甘油CLCVP技術(shù),而非CLCVP組患者采取常規(guī)手術(shù)處理方式。比較兩組患者圍手術(shù)期相關(guān)指標(biāo),麻醉誘導(dǎo)前(T0)、麻醉誘導(dǎo)后5 min(T1)、肝實質(zhì)離斷開始后5 min(T2)、肝切除結(jié)束后5 min(T3)、手術(shù)結(jié)束即刻(T4)的血流動力學(xué)指標(biāo)、腦氧代謝情況,比較兩組患者手術(shù)前后肝功能指標(biāo)變化,以及不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生情況。計量資料兩組間比較采用成組t檢驗,計數(shù)資料兩組間比較采用χ 2 檢驗,多時間點比較采用重復(fù)測量方差分析。結(jié)果 CLCVP組患者術(shù)中出血量、術(shù)中輸液量顯著低于非CLCVP組(t值分別為5.408、7.220,P值均lt;0.05),而兩組患者手術(shù)時間、麻醉時間、拔管時間、復(fù)蘇時間以及術(shù)中尿量比較,差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P值均gt;0.05)。兩組患者術(shù)中平均動脈壓、心率以及中心靜脈壓均較T0時刻顯著降低(P值均lt;0.05),CLCVP組患者術(shù)中T2、T3時刻平均動脈壓、中心靜脈壓顯著低于非CLCVP組(P值均lt;0.05),而心率顯著高于非CLCVP組(P值均lt;0.05)。術(shù)中T2~T4時刻兩組患者腦動-靜脈血氧含量差較T0時刻顯著降低(P值均lt;0.05),而兩組各時間點腦動-靜脈血氧含量差比較無顯著差異(P值均gt;0.05),CLCVP組患者術(shù)中T2~T4時刻腦血氧飽和度較T0時刻顯著降低(P值均lt;0.05),且CLCVP組患者T2、T3時刻腦血氧飽和度顯著低于非CLCVP組(P值均lt;0.05),而術(shù)中各時間點兩組腦氧攝取率以及腦動-靜脈乳酸鹽濃度差均無明顯變化(P值均gt;0.05)。術(shù)后3 d、術(shù)后7 d兩組患者肝功能指標(biāo)AST、ALT以及TBil水平均較術(shù)前顯著升高(P值均lt;0.05),術(shù)后3 d、術(shù)后7 d CLCVP組患者AST、ALT水平顯著低于非CLCVP組(P值均lt;0.05),而兩組各時間點TBil比較,差異均無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P值均gt;0.05)。兩組患者圍手術(shù)期并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率比較,差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(χ 2 =0.729,P=0.394)。結(jié)論 硝酸甘油CLCVP技術(shù)在肝癌腹腔鏡肝切除術(shù)中的應(yīng)用,有助于減少患者術(shù)中出血量,但術(shù)中需要進(jìn)一步加強對患者腦血氧飽和度的監(jiān)測,以盡可能減少患者神經(jīng)并發(fā)癥發(fā)生風(fēng)險。
關(guān)鍵詞:硝酸甘油;控制性低中心靜脈壓;肝切除術(shù);腹腔鏡;對比研究
基金項目:海南省衛(wèi)生健康行業(yè)科研項目(21A200328);海南省自然科學(xué)基金(821RC1143)
Effect of the nitroglycerin-controlled low central venous pressure technique on cerebral metabolic markers and cerebral blood oxygen saturation in patients undergoing laparoscopic hepatectomy for liver cancer
WANG Bo,F(xiàn)U Xia,LYU Conghai,YIN Chunfang,WU Qiyuan
Operating Room,Haikou Hospital Affiliated to Xiangya Hospital of Central South University,Haikou 570208,China
Corresponding author:WANG Bo,461309329@qq.com (ORCID:0009-0006-0336-3458)
Abstract:Objective To investigate the effect of the nitroglycerin-controlled low central venous pressure (CLCVP) technique on brain metabolic markers and cerebral blood oxygen saturation in patients undergoing laparoscopic hepatectomy for liver cancer,and to reduce the risk of neurological complications. Methods A total of 105 patients who underwent elective laparoscopic hepatectomy for liver cancer in Haikou Hospital Affiliated to Xiangya Hospital of Central South University from April 2020 to May 2023 were enrolled and randomly divided into CLCVP group with 54 patients and non-CLCVP group with 51 patients. The patients in the CLCVP group were treated with the nitroglycerin CLCVP technique during surgery,while those in the non-CLCVP group were given conventional surgical treatment. The two groups were compared in terms of the following indicators:perioperative indicators;hemodynamic parameters and cerebral oxygen metabolism before anesthesia induction (T0),at 5 minutes after anesthesia induction (T1),at 5 minutes after the beginning of liver parenchyma dissection (T2),at 5 minutes after the end of hepatectomy (T3),and immediately after the end of surgery (T4);the changes in liver function parameters after surgery;the incidence rate of adverse reactions. The independent-samples t test was used for comparison of continuous data between two groups,and the chi-square test was used for comparison of categorical data between two groups;the analysis of variance with repeated measures was used for comparison between multiple time points. Results Compared with the non-CLCVP group,the CLCVP group had significantly lower intraoperative blood loss and intraoperative fluid infusion volume (t=5.408 and 7.220,both Plt;0.05),while there were no significant differences between the two groups in time of operation,anesthesia time,extubation time,resuscitation time and intraoperative urine volume (all Pgt;0.05). Compared with the data at T0,both groups had significant reductions in mean arterial pressure,heart rate,and central venous pressure during surgery (all Plt;0.05),and compared with the non-CLCVP group,the CLCVP group had significantly lower mean arterial pressure and central venous pressure (Plt;0.05) and a significantly higher heart rate (Plt;0.05) at T2 and T3. Compared with the data at T0,both groups had a significant reduction in Ca-jvDO 2 at T2 — T4 time points (all Plt;0.05),while there was no significant difference in Ca-jvDO 2 between the two groups at each time point (all Pgt;0.05). Compared with the data at T0,the CLCVP group had a significant reduction in rSO 2 at T2 — T4 time points(all Plt;0.05),and the CLCVP group had a significantly lower level of rSO 2 than the non-CLCVP group at T2 — T3 time points (both Plt;0.05);there were no significant changes in CERO 2 and Djv-aBL in either group at each time point (all Pgt;0.05). At 3 and 7 days after surgery,both groups had significant increases in the liver function parameters of aspartate aminotransferase (AST),alanine aminotransferase (ALT),and total bilirubin (TBil) (all Plt;0.05),and the CLCVP group had significantly lower levels of AST and ALT than the non-CLCVP group (all Plt;0.05);there was no significant difference in TBil between the two groups at each time point (all Pgt;0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence rate of perioperative complications between the two groups (χ 2 =0.729,P=0.394). Conclusion The application of the nitroglycerin CLCVP technique in laparoscopic hepatectomy for liver cancer can reduce the amount of intraoperative blood loss in patients,but it is necessary to further enhance the monitoring of cerebral blood oxygen saturation during surgery,so as to reduce the risk of neurological complications as much as possible.
Key words:Nitroglycerin;Controlling Low Central Venous Pressure;Hepatectomy;Laparoscopes;Comparative Study
Research funding:Research Project in Health and Healthcare Industry of Hainan Province (21A200328);Hainan Provincial Natural Science Foundation (821RC1143)
肝癌是我國常見的惡性腫瘤,同時也是我國死亡率最高的惡性腫瘤之一[1]。肝切除術(shù)是肝癌治療的首選方式,但肝組織具有極為豐富的供血系統(tǒng),其解剖極其復(fù)雜,在手術(shù)治療中極易損傷下腔靜脈及肝靜脈而導(dǎo)致患者術(shù)中大出血[2]。術(shù)中大量出血以及術(shù)中血制品的輸入對患者預(yù)后非常不利,不僅增加患者術(shù)后并發(fā)癥的發(fā)生率,也增加了患者術(shù)后腫瘤復(fù)發(fā)的風(fēng)險[3]。近年來,隨著微創(chuàng)外科技術(shù)的發(fā)展,腹腔鏡肝切除術(shù)逐漸在臨床廣泛使用,但由于腹腔鏡技術(shù)對術(shù)中要求較高,容易引發(fā)大出血,而降低術(shù)中出血量、保持腹腔鏡手術(shù)操作視野清晰是完成腹腔鏡肝切除術(shù)的基本要求[4]??刂菩缘椭行撵o脈壓(controlling low central venous pressure,CLCVP)技術(shù)是指通過多種方式在維持動脈收縮壓≥90 mmHg的同時,將中心靜脈壓控制在0~5 cmH 2 O,以有效減少術(shù)中出血[5-6]。盡管多項研究已經(jīng)證實CLCVP技術(shù)在術(shù)中應(yīng)用的有效性,但其安全性仍受到學(xué)者的質(zhì)疑,尤其對于嚴(yán)重的神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)并發(fā)癥仍偶有報道[7-8]。為了進(jìn)一步分析CLCVP技術(shù)應(yīng)用的安全性以及對患者神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)的影響,本研究探討分析硝酸甘油CLCVP對腹腔鏡肝切除肝癌患者腦代謝指標(biāo)及腦血氧飽和度的影響。
1 資料與方法
1.1 研究對象 選擇2020年4月—2023年5月在本院擇期行腹腔鏡下肝切除術(shù)的105例患者作為研究對象,按照隨機數(shù)字表法,將患者隨機分為 CLCVP 組 54 例、非CLCVP組51例。
1.2 納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn)與排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn) 納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):(1)經(jīng)臨床確診的原發(fā)性肝癌患者;(2)肝功能Child-Pugh分級為A級;(3)TNM分期為Ⅰ~Ⅱ期;(4)ASA分級Ⅰ~Ⅱ級;(5)無明顯或輕度肝纖維化。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):(1)合并嚴(yán)重心肺腎功能障礙患者;(2)術(shù)中轉(zhuǎn)開腹患者;(3)合并凝血功能異?;蛐g(shù)前使用抗凝藥物患者;(4)合并其他原發(fā)性惡性腫瘤患者;(5)合并內(nèi)分泌系統(tǒng)功能障礙患者;(6)合并免疫功能異?;颊?。
1.3 方法 兩組患者術(shù)前常規(guī)禁食禁飲,入室后護(hù)理人員進(jìn)行心電圖、血壓、心率(heart rate,HR)以及脈搏血氧飽和度的常規(guī)監(jiān)測。開放靜脈通路,在患者麻醉誘導(dǎo)前給予100~250 mL乳酸鈉林格注射液預(yù)防患者代謝性酸中毒。監(jiān)測患者有創(chuàng)動脈血液、中心靜脈壓(central venous pressure,CVP)以及腦電雙頻指數(shù)。給予患者面罩吸氧,麻醉誘導(dǎo)藥物使用0.6 μg/kg舒芬太尼、0.3 mg/kg順苯磺酸阿曲庫銨以及0.3 mg/kg依托咪酯,麻醉誘導(dǎo)后行氣管插管機械通氣,設(shè)定潮氣量為8 mL/kg,氧體積分?jǐn)?shù)為60%,正常呼氣末CO 2 維持在35~45 mmHg?;颊咝g(shù)中體位采用30°頭高腳低位。術(shù)中維持麻醉使用順苯磺酸阿曲庫銨、丙泊酚、瑞芬太尼以及七氟烷吸入麻醉,注意調(diào)整藥物用量,維持患者腦電雙頻指數(shù)在45~65。非CLCVP 組術(shù)中常規(guī)手術(shù)操作,保持中心靜脈壓在 6~12 cmH 2 O之間。CLCVP組術(shù)中使用硝酸甘油CLCVP,手術(shù)開始后,采用0.2~0.5 μg·kg ?1 ·h ?1 速率靜脈泵注硝酸甘油(北京益民藥業(yè)有限公司,H11020289),術(shù)中根據(jù)患者CVP以及血壓情況調(diào)整硝酸甘油的輸注速率直至肝切除,肝切除前將患者CVP控制在目標(biāo)范圍內(nèi),即≤5 cmH 2 O,在CLCVP控制過程中,注意觀察患者收縮壓變化,若收縮壓lt;90 mmHg時間超過1 min,則給予患者5 mg麻黃堿或100 μg去氧腎上腺素升壓。肝切除完畢完成止血后,將輸液速度提升至1 000~1 500 mL/h,以快速幫助患者恢復(fù)血容量,使CVP恢復(fù)至5 cmH 2 O以上。
1.4 觀察指標(biāo) 記錄兩組患者圍手術(shù)期相關(guān)指標(biāo),包括手術(shù)時間、麻醉時間、拔管時間、復(fù)蘇時間、術(shù)中出血量、尿量、術(shù)中輸液量。分別于麻醉誘導(dǎo)前(T0)、麻醉誘導(dǎo)后5 min(T1)、肝實質(zhì)離斷開始后5 min(T2)、肝切除結(jié)束后5 min(T3)、手術(shù)結(jié)束即刻(T4),記錄患者血流動力學(xué)指標(biāo)平均動脈壓(mean arterial pressure,MAP)、HR以及CVP變化情況;記錄兩組患者腦代謝指標(biāo),包括腦氧攝取率(cerebral oxygen extraction rate,CERO 2 )、腦動-靜脈血氧含量差(cerebral artery-jugular vein oxygen content difference,Ca-jvDO 2 )以及腦動-靜脈乳酸鹽濃度差(cerebral arteriovenous lactate concentration is poor,Djv-aBL);并記錄患者腦血氧飽和度(regional cerebral oxygen saturation,rSO 2 )變化情況。分別于術(shù)前、術(shù)后3 d、術(shù)后7 d檢測患者肝功能指標(biāo)變化,包括AST、ALT、TBil水平變化。比較兩組患者不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生情況。
1.5 統(tǒng)計學(xué)分析 采用SPSS 25.0統(tǒng)計學(xué)軟件進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)分析。符合正態(tài)分布的計量資料以 x ˉ ±s表示,兩組間比較采用成組t檢驗;計數(shù)資料兩組間比較采用χ 2 檢驗;多時間點比較采用重復(fù)測量方差分析。Plt;0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義。
2 結(jié)果
2.1 一般資料 如表1所示,兩組患者的臨床資料差異均無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P值均gt;0.05)。
2.2 兩組患者圍手術(shù)期相關(guān)指標(biāo)比較 CLCVP組患者術(shù)中出血量、術(shù)中輸液量顯著低于非CLCVP組(P值均lt;0.05),而兩組患者手術(shù)時間、麻醉時間、拔管時間、復(fù)蘇時間和術(shù)中尿量比較,差異均無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P 值均gt;0.05)(表2)。
2.3 術(shù)中血流動力學(xué)及靜脈血氧飽和度(SpO 2 )比較兩組患者術(shù)中(T1~T4時刻)HR較T0時刻均顯著降低(P值均lt;0.05),T2~T4時刻的MAP較T0時刻均顯著降低(P值均lt;0.05),T1~T3時刻的CVP較T0時刻均顯著降低(P 值均lt;0.05)。CLCVP 組患者術(shù)中 T2、T3 時刻 MAP、CVP顯著低于非CLCVP組(P值均lt;0.05),而HR顯著高于非CLCVP組(P值均lt;0.05)(表3)。
2.4 術(shù)中腦代謝指標(biāo)及腦血氧飽和度比較 T0時刻兩組患者CERO 2 、Ca-jvDO 2 、Djv-aBL和rSO 2 比較差異均無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P值均gt;0.05),術(shù)中T2~T4時刻兩組患者Ca-jvDO 2 水平較 T0時刻顯著降低(P值均lt;0.05),而兩組各時間點Ca-jvDO 2 水平比較仍無顯著差異(P值均gt;0.05)。CLCVP組患者術(shù)中T2~T4時刻rSO 2 較T0時刻顯著降低(P值均lt;0.05),且 CLCVP組患者 T2、T3時刻rSO 2 顯著低于非 CLCVP組(P值均lt;0.05),而術(shù)中各時間點兩組CERO 2 、Djv-aBL均無明顯變化(P值均gt;0.05)(表4)。
2.5 手術(shù)前后肝功能指標(biāo)比較 術(shù)前兩組患者肝功能指標(biāo)AST、ALT以及TBil差異均無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P值均gt;0.05),術(shù)后3 d、術(shù)后7 d兩組患者肝功能指標(biāo)AST、ALT以及TBil均較術(shù)前顯著升高(P值均lt;0.05),術(shù)后3 d、術(shù)后7 d CLCVP組患者AST、ALT顯著低于非CLCVP組(P值均lt;0.05),而兩組各時間點TBil比較,差異均無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P值均gt;0.05)(表5)。
2.6 并發(fā)癥發(fā)生情況比較 CLCVP組有12例患者發(fā)生圍手術(shù)期并發(fā)癥,非CLCVP組有8例患者發(fā)生圍手術(shù)期并發(fā)癥,兩組患者圍手術(shù)期并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率比較,差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(χ 2 =0.729,P=0.394)(表6)。
3 討論
由于肝組織血管分布十分復(fù)雜,且肝臟是一個雙重供血器官,血運豐富,因此對肝癌切除術(shù)患者而言,術(shù)中極容易出現(xiàn)大出血[9]。而術(shù)中大出血的發(fā)生,延長了門靜脈阻斷時間以及肝臟解剖分離時間,導(dǎo)致術(shù)中肝損傷的進(jìn)一步加重[10]。根據(jù)泊肅葉層流公式,出血量與肝靜脈血管壁內(nèi)外壓力梯度和肝靜脈血管半徑的4次方成正比,這成為 CLCVP技術(shù)應(yīng)用減少術(shù)中出血量的理論依據(jù)[11]。理論上CVP越低,相對出血量也就越少,但在實際應(yīng)用中,患者CVP越低則血流動力學(xué)指標(biāo)控制越不穩(wěn)定,對術(shù)中的管理也更為復(fù)雜,同時過低控制CVP容易出現(xiàn)術(shù)中CVP水平的波動,對患者更為不利[12-13]。有研究顯示,對于行肝切除術(shù)肝癌患者,術(shù)中控制 CVP 在4 cmH 2 O時,臨床應(yīng)用的效果最佳[14]。盡管CLCVP技術(shù)對于減少肝切除肝癌患者術(shù)中出血量的有效性已經(jīng)得到了證實,但是對于其安全性,目前仍存在較大爭議。有學(xué)者認(rèn)為,在肝切除術(shù)中 CLCVP技術(shù)的應(yīng)用以及術(shù)中采取反 Trendelenburg 體位,可導(dǎo)致患者腦灌注壓降低,從而增加了患者術(shù)中神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)相關(guān)并發(fā)癥發(fā)生的風(fēng)險[14]。
本研究結(jié)果顯示,CLCVP組患者術(shù)中出血量、術(shù)中輸液量顯著低于非CLCVP組。與Sha等[15]報道結(jié)果相似,提示 CLCVP技術(shù)可以使下腔靜脈及其分支靜脈塌陷,從而有利于凈化手術(shù)野及肝臟的游離,有助于手術(shù)醫(yī)生解剖肝后部及其主要肝靜脈,從而在橫斷肝實質(zhì)時減少術(shù)中出血量;同時CLCVP技術(shù)的應(yīng)用可更好地減少由于術(shù)中無意損傷肝靜脈而引發(fā)的大出血,從而有效提高腹腔肝切除術(shù)的手術(shù)成功率。本研究采用了嚴(yán)格的手術(shù)條件,盡量控制患者術(shù)中血流動力學(xué)的穩(wěn)定,但發(fā)現(xiàn) CLCVP 組患者術(shù)中 HR 較非 CLCVP 組更快,而 MAP較非CLCVP組更低。
腦血流量豐富,且腦組織代謝率高,腦組織對于缺血缺氧非常敏感,同時由于其能量儲存很少,對于葡萄糖和氧的需求主要依賴于血流提供[16]。因此,維持術(shù)中一定的腦血流量便顯得尤為重要,在腦組織缺血時,即使輕微的腦血流量改變也可能會導(dǎo)致患者神經(jīng)細(xì)胞損傷,引發(fā)不良結(jié)局[17-18]。本研究發(fā)現(xiàn),在腦氧代謝指標(biāo)中,CERO 2 、Ca-jvDO 2 、Djv-aBL在兩組患者之間的變化無顯著差異;但是在對患者rSO 2 指標(biāo)的觀察上,研究發(fā)現(xiàn),CLCVP組患者術(shù)中T2~T4時刻rSO 2 較T0時刻顯著降低,且CLCVP組患者T2、T3時刻rSO 2 顯著低于非CLCVP組。無創(chuàng)腦血氧飽和度監(jiān)測儀通過近紅外光譜檢測患者局部rSO 2 ,可有效反映患者腦血流量的變化,rSO 2 下降表示腦血流量的降低[19-20]。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)rSO 2 檢測是一個更為敏感的指標(biāo),兩組患者術(shù)中T2~T4時刻rSO 2 顯著下降,且CLCVP組患者下降更為明顯。與Wang等[21]研究結(jié)果相似,提示CLCVP技術(shù)的應(yīng)用可減少患者術(shù)中腦血流量,這可能導(dǎo)致患者圍手術(shù)期神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)并發(fā)癥風(fēng)險的增加。而兩組患者圍手術(shù)期并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率比較,差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義??紤]由于本研究納入樣本量相對較小,后續(xù)研究將進(jìn)一步擴大樣本量,以獲得更為可靠的研究結(jié)論。
目前,硝酸甘油在 CLCVP 中的應(yīng)用仍存在一定爭議。有學(xué)者認(rèn)為低劑量的硝酸甘油能使靜脈擴張且沒有劑量依賴性,此外,硝酸甘油會擴張腦血管,因此對于有腦出血史或顱內(nèi)高壓患者應(yīng)慎用,避免加重原有病情而引發(fā)相關(guān)并發(fā)癥[22]。
綜上所述,腹腔鏡肝切除術(shù)中使用硝酸甘油CLCVP技術(shù),可有效減少肝癌患者術(shù)中出血量,臨床應(yīng)用安全性較高,但術(shù)中還需進(jìn)一步加強對患者腦血氧飽和度的監(jiān)測,盡可能降低患者神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)并發(fā)癥發(fā)生的風(fēng)險。
倫理學(xué)聲明:本研究方案于 2020 年 3 月 4 日經(jīng)由中南大學(xué)湘雅醫(yī)院附屬海口醫(yī)院倫理委員會審批,批號:202000140008,所納入患者均簽署知情同意書。
利益沖突聲明:本文不存在任何利益沖突。
作者貢獻(xiàn)聲明:王波、符霞負(fù)責(zé)課題設(shè)計,資料分析,撰寫論文;呂叢海、尹春芳參與收集數(shù)據(jù),修改論文;吳其遠(yuǎn)負(fù)責(zé)擬定寫作思路,指導(dǎo)撰寫文章并最后定稿。
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收稿日期:2024-07-09;錄用日期:2024-10-15
本文編輯:王瑩
引 證 本 文 :WANG B, FU X, LYU CH, et al. Effect of the nitroglycerin-controlled low central venous pressure technique on cerebral metabolic markers and cerebral blood oxygen saturation in patients undergoing laparoscopic hepatectomy for liver cancer[J]. J Clin Hepatol, 2025, 41(3): 478-484.
王波, 符霞, 呂叢海, 等. 硝酸甘油控制性低中心靜脈壓技術(shù)對腹腔鏡肝切除肝癌患者腦代謝指標(biāo)及腦血氧飽和度的影響[J]. 臨床肝膽病雜志, 2025, 41(3): 478-484.