• 
    

    
    

      99热精品在线国产_美女午夜性视频免费_国产精品国产高清国产av_av欧美777_自拍偷自拍亚洲精品老妇_亚洲熟女精品中文字幕_www日本黄色视频网_国产精品野战在线观看 ?

      血漿致動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化指數(shù)與腹主動(dòng)脈鈣化的關(guān)系

      2025-04-13 00:00:00梁相龍蒙冬生黃興杰
      醫(yī)學(xué)信息 2025年6期

      摘要:目的" 探討美國成人血漿致動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化指數(shù)(AIP)與腹主動(dòng)脈鈣化(AAC)之間的關(guān)系。方法" 納入3015名美國成年人作為研究對象,通過雙能X射線吸收法(DXA)測定得到的AAC評分用于診斷ACC。將研究對象按照AIP的四分位數(shù)分為Q1(n=754)、Q2(n=754)、Q3(n=753)和Q4(n=754)4組,比較4組基線資料及ACC發(fā)生率的差異。使用Z-score標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化轉(zhuǎn)換AIP,并將其納入多因素Logistic模型分析AIP與AAC的關(guān)系;通過亞組分析和交互作用探討AIP與AAC在不同人群中的潛在關(guān)系;使用限制性立方條樣(RCS)評估AIP與AAC之間的非線性關(guān)系。結(jié)果" 在3015名研究對象中,有909人(30.15%)患有AAC。隨著AIP的增加,4組中AAC的發(fā)生率逐漸增加(24.54% vs. 30.37% vs. 33.86% vs. 31.83%,P<0.001)。在對協(xié)變量進(jìn)行調(diào)整后,AIP(每增加1個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差)仍與AAC呈正相關(guān)(OR=1.22,95%CI:1.02~1.46,P=0.031),Q4組與Q1組相比具有更高的AAC風(fēng)險(xiǎn)(OR=1.86,95%CI:1.16~2.99,P=0.010)。亞組分析發(fā)現(xiàn),在女性(OR=1.35,95%CI:1.03~1.79,P=0.032)和非糖尿?。∣R=1.27,95%CI:1.02~1.58,P=0.034)中AIP與AAC相關(guān)。RCS顯示AIP與AAC呈線性關(guān)系(非線性P=0.828)。結(jié)論" AIP升高與AAC的發(fā)生風(fēng)險(xiǎn)增加相關(guān),尤其在女性和非糖尿病患者中更為明顯,AIP可能是腹主動(dòng)脈鈣化ACC的獨(dú)立危險(xiǎn)因素。

      關(guān)鍵詞:血漿致動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化指數(shù);腹主動(dòng)脈;鈣化

      中圖分類號(hào):R587.1" " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " "文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:A" " " " " " " " " " " " " "DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1006-1959.2025.06.017

      文章編號(hào):1006-1959(2025)06-0100-07

      Relationship Between Atherogenic Index of Plasma and Abdominal Aortic Calcification

      LIANG Xianglong1, MENG Dongsheng1, HUANG Xingjie2, XIA Zhonghua2

      (1.Department of Cardiology, Guidong People′s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Wuzhou 543001, Guangxi, China;

      2.Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, Guangxi, China)

      Abstract: Objective" To investigate the relationship between atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) and abdominal aortic calcification (AAC) in American adults. Methods" A total of 3015 American adults were included in the study. AAC scores measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) were used to diagnose AAC. The subjects were divided into four groups according to the quartile of AIP: Q1 (n=754), Q2 (n=754), Q3 (n=753) and Q4 (n=754). The baseline data and the incidence of AAC were compared among the four groups. Z-score was used to standardize the conversion of AIP, and it was included in the multivariate Logistic model to analyze the relationship between AIP and AAC. The potential relationship between AIP and AAC in different populations was explored by subgroup analysis and interaction. The nonlinear relationship between AIP and AAC was evaluated using the restricted cubic strip (RCS). Results" Among the 3015 subjects, 909 (30.15%) had AAC. With the increase of AIP, the incidence of AAC in the four groups increased gradually (24.54% vs. 30.37% vs. 33.86% vs. 31.83%, Plt;0.001). After adjusting for covariates, AIP (for each additional standard deviation) was still positively correlated with AAC (OR=1.22, 95%CI: 1.02-1.46, P=0.031), and Q4 group had a higher AAC risk than Q1 group (OR=1.86, 95%CI: 1.16-2.99, P=0.010). Subgroup analysis showed that AIP was associated with AAC in women (OR=1.35, 95%CI: 1.03-1.79, P=0.032) and non-diabetes (OR=1.27, 95%CI: 1.02-1.58, P=0.034). RCS showed a linear relationship between AIP and AAC (nonlinear P=0.828). Conclusion" Elevated AIP is associated with an increased risk of ACC, especially in women and non-diabetic patients. AIP may be an independent risk factor for AAC with abdominal aortic calcification.

      Key words: Atherogenic index of plasma; Abdominal aortic; Calcification

      血管鈣化是臨床上普遍存在的血管病變,臨床認(rèn)為其是動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化(atherosclerosis, AS)以及AS相關(guān)的血管疾病的獨(dú)立標(biāo)志物[1-3]。腹主動(dòng)脈鈣化(abdominal aortic calcification, AAC)是動(dòng)脈鈣化常見的一種,尤其是在慢性腎病的患者中更為常見[4]。雙能量X射線吸收測定法(dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, DXA)用于測量AAC評分,以評估鈣化的程度。AAC評分范圍為0~24分,較高的AAC評分對應(yīng)于更嚴(yán)重的鈣化情況。由于其具備操作簡單和可重復(fù)性高的特點(diǎn),該方法已得到廣泛應(yīng)用[5]。研究報(bào)道AS斑塊中的微鈣化與斑塊的穩(wěn)定性密切相關(guān),微鈣化容易導(dǎo)致斑塊破裂,進(jìn)而引發(fā)血管閉塞和急性缺血事件,成為心血管相關(guān)疾病發(fā)病和死亡的重要預(yù)測指標(biāo)[2,6]。目前針對血管鈣化尚無確切的治療方案,因此,早期發(fā)現(xiàn)血管鈣化的危險(xiǎn)因素,并針對這些危險(xiǎn)因素進(jìn)行干預(yù),將具有更大的臨床意義。血漿致動(dòng)脈硬化指數(shù)(atherogenic index of plasma, AIP)是近年來發(fā)現(xiàn)的一個(gè)新型血脂指標(biāo),AIP利用甘油三酯(triglyceride, TG)與高密度脂蛋白膽固醇(high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, HDL-C)比值的負(fù)對數(shù)表示[7]。以往的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)AIP不僅能夠反映人體AS[8],還與冠狀動(dòng)脈病變嚴(yán)重程度[9]以及冠狀動(dòng)脈鈣化(coronary arterycalcifcation, CAC)[10]密切相關(guān)。近年來,國內(nèi)外對AAC的關(guān)注度越來越高[11-13],然而關(guān)于AIP與AAC的研究卻較為罕見。本研究旨在探討美國成年人AIP與AAC之間的關(guān)系,以期為臨床提供參考依據(jù)。

      1對象與方法

      1.1研究對象" 本研究以10 175名參加2013-2014年美國國家健康與營養(yǎng)調(diào)查(NHANES)的體檢對象為研究對象。在排除了缺失AAC評分(n=7035)和HDL-C或TG數(shù)據(jù)(n=125)后,本研究最終共納入3015名研究對象進(jìn)行分析,根據(jù)AIP的四分位數(shù)將研究對象分為4組:Q1組(AIP≤-0.028,n=754),Q2組(-0.028<AIP≤0.028,n=754),Q3組(0.028<AIP≤0.285,n=753),以及Q4組(AIP>0.285,n=754)。本研究的所有方法均符合赫爾辛基宣言的要求,研究方案已獲得美國國家中心倫理審查委員會(huì)和美國國家衛(wèi)生統(tǒng)計(jì)中心倫理審查委員會(huì)的批準(zhǔn),所有研究對象均已簽署了書面知情同意書。

      1.2方法" 在本研究中,性別、年齡、種族等人口學(xué)資料來源于NHANES數(shù)據(jù)庫的人口學(xué)資料模塊。貧困指數(shù)、教育程度、吸煙狀況、高血壓或糖尿病的情況來源于標(biāo)準(zhǔn)問卷。收縮壓(systolic blood pressure, SBP)、舒張壓(diastolic blood pressure, DBP)、腰圍以及體重指數(shù)(body mass index, BMI)來源于體格檢查模塊。25-羥基維生素D來源于維生素D模塊??偰懝檀迹╰otal cholesterol, TC)、HDL-C、低密度脂蛋白膽固醇(low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-C)、TG、空腹血糖、血尿酸、堿性磷酸酶、血肌酐、血鈣和血磷通過標(biāo)準(zhǔn)生化分析法進(jìn)行測量,數(shù)據(jù)來源于標(biāo)準(zhǔn)生化分析模塊(https://wwwn.cdc.gov/Nchs/Nhanes/2013-2014/BIOPRO_H.htm)。NHANES 2013-2014年對40歲以上無檢查禁忌的人群進(jìn)行了DXA檢查,由經(jīng)過統(tǒng)一培訓(xùn)的工作人員進(jìn)行操作。通過對腰椎側(cè)位片的DXA量化計(jì)算,得到了AAC總評分。DXA數(shù)據(jù)的來源于https://wwwn.cdc.gov/Nchs/Nhanes/2013-2014/DXXAAC_H.htm。依據(jù)診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn),AAC評分≥1分定義為AAC[1]。AIP以log10[TG/HDL-C]表示[7]。估算腎小球?yàn)V過率(eGFR)使用MDRD公式計(jì)算[14]。高血壓定義為既往診斷為高血壓或正在服用降壓藥物。糖尿病定義為既往診斷為糖尿病或正在使用降糖藥物。

      1.3統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法" 統(tǒng)計(jì)分析使用R 4.2.2(http:// www.R-project.org, The R Foundation)完成。對于4組人群的基本特征,分類變量以[n(%)]表示,組間比較使用χ2檢驗(yàn)。對于連續(xù)變量,如果符合正態(tài)分布,則以(x±s)表示,組間比較使用單因素方差分析(One-Way ANOVA);如果不符合正態(tài)分布,則以[M(IQR)]表示,組間比較使用Kruskal-Wallis檢驗(yàn)。對AIP進(jìn)行Z-score標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化處理,并將生成的變量納入Logistic回歸模型中,以分析AIP每增加一個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差(per SD)對AAC的影響,Logistic回歸分析的結(jié)果以優(yōu)勢比(odds ratio, OR)和95%置信區(qū)間(confidence intervals, CI)表示。接著使用趨勢分析評估AIP與AAC的發(fā)生風(fēng)險(xiǎn)關(guān)系,隨后進(jìn)行探索性的亞組分析和交互作用,分別檢驗(yàn)AIP指數(shù)與性別、年齡、高血壓和糖尿病亞組之間的潛在關(guān)系。使用限制性立方樣條(restricted cubic splines, RCS)評估AIP指數(shù)與AAC之間的潛在非線性關(guān)系。以雙側(cè)P<0.05表示差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。

      2結(jié)果

      2.1 4組基線資料比較" 共納入3015名研究對象,其中男1454名,女1561名,年齡40~80歲,平均年齡(58.62±12.01)歲。4組年齡和SBP比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。Q4組女性、糖尿病、高血壓、吸煙、超重和肥胖的比例升高,DBP和腰圍逐漸升高,非西班牙裔白人的比例較高,大學(xué)以上教育程度的比例較高,女性比率貧困率較低。在實(shí)驗(yàn)室檢測方面,Q4組TG、TC、LDL-C、空腹血糖、HbA1c、血肌酐、血尿酸和堿性磷酸酶水平升高,HDL-C、25-羥基維生素D和eGFR水平較低(P<0.05),血鈣和血磷水平無差異(P>0.05)。在所有納入的研究者中,發(fā)生AAC的比例為909例(30.15%),隨著AIP水平的升高,AAC的發(fā)生風(fēng)險(xiǎn)呈顯著增加的趨勢(P<0.05),見表1。

      2.2 AIP(per SD)與AAC的多模型Logistic回歸分析" 通過多因素Logistic回歸進(jìn)一步探討AIP與AAC的關(guān)系。以是否發(fā)生AAC為因變量,首先將AIP(per SD)按照連續(xù)變量作為自變量納入回歸模型。在模型1中未調(diào)整變量,AIP與AAC之間存在關(guān)聯(lián)(OR=1.12,95%CI:1.04~1.21,P=0.004),在模型2中調(diào)整了年齡、性別、種族、教育程度、貧困指數(shù)、BMI、吸煙情況、高血壓、糖尿病、腰圍,結(jié)果顯示AIP與AAC之間存在獨(dú)立關(guān)聯(lián)(OR=1.22,95%CI:1.10~1.35,P<0.001)。在模型3中進(jìn)一步調(diào)整了SBP、DBP、LDL-C、TC、25-羥基維生素D、血尿酸、空腹血糖、HbA1c、血鈣、血磷、堿性磷酸酶、血肌酐、eGFR,結(jié)果仍然顯示AIP與AAC之間存在關(guān)聯(lián)(OR=1.22,95%CI:1.02~1.46,P=0.031)。接著將AIP按照分類變量納入Logistic模型,在模型1、模型2、模型3調(diào)整的協(xié)變量相同的情況下,結(jié)果顯示隨著AIP的升高,AAC發(fā)生風(fēng)險(xiǎn)逐漸升高(Q4vs.Q1,OR=1.86,95%CI:1.16~2.99,P=0.010),趨勢分析提示隨著AIP水平的升高發(fā)生AAC的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)呈現(xiàn)升高的趨勢(P=0.006),見表2。

      2.3 AIP(per SD)與AAC的亞組分析" 通過亞組分析及交互作用進(jìn)一步探討研究人群中AIP(per SD)與AAC的關(guān)系是否在不同亞組中存在潛在特殊差異。在各亞組中的回歸模型中,除了相應(yīng)的分層變量外,其余協(xié)變量與模型3相同。結(jié)果顯示在女性及非糖尿病亞組中調(diào)整混雜因素后AIP(per SD)仍然與AAC獨(dú)立關(guān)聯(lián),在女性(OR=1.35,95%CI:1.03~1.79,P=0.032)和非糖尿病(OR=1.27,95%CI:1.02~1.58,P=0.034)中AIP與AAC相關(guān)。AIP與各亞組不存在明顯的交互作用,見圖1。

      2.4 RCS評估 AIP與AAC的非線性關(guān)系" 使用RCS方法評估研究對象的AIP與AAC之間是否存在非線性關(guān)系,結(jié)果顯示AIP與AAC之間的關(guān)系是不存在顯著的非線性關(guān)聯(lián)(P=0.828)。

      3討論

      本研究發(fā)現(xiàn),AIP升高與AAC的發(fā)生風(fēng)險(xiǎn)呈正相關(guān),AIP是AAC的獨(dú)立危險(xiǎn)因素;AIP與AAC的關(guān)系在女性及非糖尿病患者中更為顯著;AIP與AAC之間呈線性相關(guān),這意味著AIP越高,AAC的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)越大。

      動(dòng)脈鈣化是一種復(fù)雜的病理改變,指的是礦物質(zhì)在動(dòng)脈血管壁上的沉積。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)[15,16],動(dòng)脈鈣化的發(fā)生與血管內(nèi)皮損傷和AS的形成密切相關(guān)。動(dòng)脈鈣化主要分為內(nèi)膜鈣化和中膜鈣化,其中內(nèi)膜鈣化多發(fā)生在冠狀動(dòng)脈和外周大血管[17]。在內(nèi)膜鈣化的粥樣斑塊內(nèi)往往能檢測到大量微小的鈣化灶。目前認(rèn)為[3],動(dòng)脈鈣化可能與內(nèi)皮下脂質(zhì)異常堆積、血管平滑肌細(xì)胞增殖以及細(xì)胞外基質(zhì)蛋白功能障礙等因素有關(guān)。過去的研究主要集中在CAC,然而近年來對AAC的研究也逐漸受到重視[11-13]。有研究發(fā)現(xiàn)[18],外周血管的鈣化與CAC密切相關(guān),外周血管的鈣化往往提示存在CAC,并且外周血管鈣化與CAC具有類似的危險(xiǎn)因素。

      本研究發(fā)現(xiàn),AIP升高與AAC發(fā)生風(fēng)險(xiǎn)呈正相關(guān),是AAC的獨(dú)立危險(xiǎn)因素,與以往的研究結(jié)果類似,Hong SP等[19]發(fā)現(xiàn)在韓國人群中AIP升高是CAC的獨(dú)立危險(xiǎn)因素,Nam JS等[10]報(bào)道在無心血管疾病的韓國人群中AIP升高與CAC鈣化灶的進(jìn)展存在顯著相關(guān)性,Won KB等[20]也發(fā)現(xiàn)AIP升高是CAC新生以及鈣化進(jìn)展的獨(dú)立預(yù)測因素。AIP除了與血管鈣化相關(guān)外還與心臟瓣膜鈣化有關(guān),Uzunget SB等[21]通過分析714名受試者發(fā)現(xiàn)AIP升高是二尖瓣鈣化的獨(dú)立預(yù)測因子。AIP升高可作為AAC獨(dú)立危險(xiǎn)因素,兩組之間的關(guān)系呈線性改變。以往的研究報(bào)道了AIP水平越高,人體AS程度越重[8],并且與冠狀動(dòng)脈病變嚴(yán)重程度呈正相關(guān)[9],是CAC獨(dú)立標(biāo)志物[10]。

      亞組分析的結(jié)果表明,AIP和AAC之間的關(guān)系在女性及非糖尿病患者中更為顯著。在女性亞組中AIP與AAC獨(dú)立相關(guān),而在男性亞組中未發(fā)現(xiàn)聯(lián)系,主要原因可能是在女性亞組中絕經(jīng)后女性較多,女性在絕經(jīng)后失去了雌激素對心血管系統(tǒng)和對胰島素敏感性的保護(hù)作用,血脂異常、內(nèi)皮功能障礙以及胰島素抵抗的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)增加[24]。既往研究也發(fā)現(xiàn)[22-25],AIP與人群的心血管疾病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)及不良預(yù)后存在性別差異。此外,非糖尿病患者占主要比例,可能是AIP與AAC之間關(guān)系更為顯著的原因之一。雖然在糖尿病患者中,在完全調(diào)整協(xié)變量后未發(fā)現(xiàn)明顯差異,但是也存在升高的趨勢,這些結(jié)果提示關(guān)注不同人群之間AIP與AAC的關(guān)系的重要性。

      AIP與AAC的相關(guān)機(jī)制可能如下:首先,AIP可能參與了AS的過程。AIP間接反映了小而密度低的低密度脂蛋白(small dense low-density lipoprotein, sdLDL)顆粒的直徑大小,即AIP值越高,sdLDL顆粒的直徑越小,sdLDL顆粒數(shù)量增多,其表面積也增大,而且sdLDL中的唾液酸含量較少,這使得sdLDL更容易穿過血管內(nèi)皮并與動(dòng)脈壁上的糖蛋白結(jié)合,從而逐漸導(dǎo)致脂質(zhì)的沉積,進(jìn)而啟動(dòng)AS的病理過程[26]。其次,sdLDL容易被氧化成為氧化型低密度脂蛋白膽固醇(oxidized low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, oxLDL-C),oxLDL-C會(huì)促使趨化因子和黏附分子的聚集,進(jìn)而誘導(dǎo)單核細(xì)胞轉(zhuǎn)化為巨噬細(xì)胞,并在吞噬膽固醇后產(chǎn)生大量的泡沫細(xì)胞,從而誘發(fā)AS[27]。最后,AIP作為反映胰島素抵抗的敏感標(biāo)志物,在胰島素抵抗的情況下,血管內(nèi)皮功能容易受損,全身血管炎癥反應(yīng)上調(diào),從而加速AS的發(fā)展[28]。胰島素抵抗還可以通過氧化應(yīng)激、多種細(xì)胞和因子途徑導(dǎo)致血管鈣化[4]。綜上,AIP與AAC的相關(guān)機(jī)制主要是反映了人體內(nèi)的sdLDL的直徑大小、oxLDL-C的形成以及胰島素抵抗程度,這些因素共同作用可能是導(dǎo)致AAC的發(fā)生和發(fā)展的主要病理生理機(jī)制。

      綜上所述,盡管目前的研究表明AIP升高與AAC的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)呈正相關(guān),并且AIP被認(rèn)為是AAC的獨(dú)立危險(xiǎn)因素,但是這些結(jié)果僅僅是觀察性研究的結(jié)果,并不能確定因果關(guān)系。因此,需要更多的研究來進(jìn)一步驗(yàn)證AIP與AAC之間的關(guān)系,并確定其因果關(guān)系。長期的隊(duì)列研究和干預(yù)研究可能有助于更好地理解AIP與AAC之間的關(guān)系,并確定AIP在AAC發(fā)展中的作用。此外,還需要考慮其他潛在的干擾因素和相互作用,以更全面地評估AIP與AAC之間的關(guān)系。

      參考文獻(xiàn):

      [1]Kauppila LI,Polak JF,Cupples LA,et al.New indices to classify location, severity and progression of calcific lesions in the abdominal aorta: a 25-year follow-up study[J].Atherosclerosis,1997,132(2):245-250.

      [2]Bartstra JW,Mali WPTM,Spiering W,et al.Abdominal aortic calcification: from ancient friend to modern foe[J].Eur J Prev Cardiol,2021,28(12):1386-1391.

      [3]Mehta A,Vasquez N,Ayers CR,et al.Independent Association of Lipoprotein(a) and Coronary Artery Calcification With Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Risk[J].J Am Coll Cardiol,2022,79(8):757-768.

      [4]黃輝,張愛華,陳靖,等.血管鈣化研究進(jìn)展和臨床實(shí)踐的共識(shí)與爭議[J].生理學(xué)報(bào),2022,74(6):859-884.

      [5]Choi SR,Lee YK,Cho AJ,et al.Malnutrition, inflammation, progression of vascular calcification and survival: Inter-relationships in hemodialysis patients[J].PLoS One,2019,14(5):e0216415.

      [6]Lessmann N,de Jong PA,Celeng C,et al.Sex Differences in Coronary Artery and Thoracic Aorta Calcification and Their Association With Cardiovascular Mortality in Heavy Smokers[J].JACC Cardiovasc Imaging,2019,12(9):1808-1817.

      [7]Dobiásová M,F(xiàn)rohlich J.The plasma parameter log (TG/HDL-C) as an atherogenic index: correlation with lipoprotein particle size and esterification rate in apoB-lipoprotein-depleted plasma (FER(HDL))[J].Clin Biochem,2001,34(7):583-588.

      [8]Huang Q,Liu Z,Wei M,et al.The atherogenic index of plasma and carotid atherosclerosis in a community population: a population-based cohort study in China[J].Cardiovasc Diabetol,2023,22(1):125.

      [9]Wang L,Chen F,Xiaoqi C,et al.Atherogenic Index of Plasma Is an Independent Risk Factor for Coronary Artery Disease and a Higher SYNTAX Score[J].Angiology,2021,72(2):181-186.

      [10]Nam JS,Kim MK,Nam JY,et al.Association between atherogenic index of plasma and coronary artery calcification progression in Korean adults[J].Lipids Health Dis,2020,19(1):157.

      [11]Chen TY,Yang J,Zuo L,et al.Relationship of abdominal aortic calcification with lumbar vertebral volumetric bone mineral density assessed by quantitative computed tomography in maintenance hemodialysis patients[J].Arch Osteoporos,2022,17(1):24.

      [12]Xie R,Liu X,Wu H,et al.Associations between systemic immune-inflammation index and abdominal aortic calcification: Results of a nationwide survey[J].Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis,2023,33(7):1437-1443.

      [13]Togashi Y,Miyashita D,Tsuno T,et al.Abdominal aortic calcification is associated with Fibrosis-4 index and low body mass index in type 2 diabetes patients: A retrospective cross-sectional study[J].J Diabetes Investig,2022,13(11):1861-1872.

      [14]Kallner A,Khatami Z.How does the MDRD Study equation compare with serum creatinine in routine healthcare? Anatomy of MDRD-eGFR[J].Scand J Clin Lab Invest Suppl,2008,241:39-45.

      [15]Stary HC,Chandler AB,Dinsmore RE,et al.A definition of advanced types of atherosclerotic lesions and a histological classification of atherosclerosis. A report from the Committee on Vascular Lesions of the Council on Arteriosclerosis, American Heart Association[J].Circulation,1995,92(5):1355-1374.

      [16]Lee SJ,Lee IK,Jeon JH.Vascular Calcification-New Insights Into Its Mechanism[J].Int J Mol Sci,2020,21(8):2685.

      [17]Quaglino D,Boraldi F,Lofaro FD.The biology of vascular calcification[J].Int Rev Cell Mol Biol,2020,354:261-353.

      [18]Adar A,Erkan H,Gokdeniz T,et al.Aortic arch calcification is strongly associated with coronary artery calcification[J].Vasa,2015,44(2):106-114.

      [19]Hong SP,Kim CY,Jung HW.The Comparison of the Associations of Lipoprotein(a) and the Atherogenic Index of Plasma With Coronary Artery Calcification in Patients Without High LDL-C: A Comparative Analysis[J].J Lipid Atheroscler,2023,12(2):152-163.

      [20]Won KB,Han D,Lee JH,et al.Atherogenic index of plasma and coronary artery calcification progression beyond traditional risk factors according to baseline coronary artery calcium score[J].Sci Rep,2020,10(1):21324.

      [21]Uzunget SB,Sahin KE.Atherogenic index of plasma is an independent predictor of mitral annular calcification[J].BMC Cardiovasc Disord,2022,22(1):511.

      [22]Cai G,Liu W,Lv S,et al.Gender-specific associations between atherogenic index of plasma and the presence and severity of acute coronary syndrome in very young adults: a hospital-based observational study[J].Lipids Health Dis,2019,18(1):99.

      [23]Zhang X,Zhang X,Li X,et al.Association of metabolic syndrome with atherogenic index of plasma in an urban Chinese population: A 15-year prospective study[J].Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis,2019,29(11):1214-1219.

      [24]The Lancet Diabetes Endocrinology.Menopause: a turning point for women's health[J].Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol,2022,10(6):373.

      [25]Bendzala M,Sabaka P,Caprnda M,et al.Atherogenic index of plasma is positively associated with the risk of all-cause death in elderly women : A 10-year follow-up[J].Wien Klin Wochenschr,2017,129(21-22):793-798.

      [26]Ikezaki H,Lim E,Cupples LA,et al.Small Dense Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Is the Most Atherogenic Lipoprotein Parameter in the Prospective Framingham Offspring Study[J].J Am Heart Assoc,2021,10(5):e019140.

      [27]Jeurissen MLJ,Walenbergh SMA,Houben T,et al.Prevention of oxLDL uptake leads to decreased atherosclerosis in hematopoietic NPC1-deficient Ldlr-/-mice[J].Atherosclerosis,2016,255:59-65.

      [28]Hill MA,Yang Y,Zhang L,et al.Insulin resistance, cardiovascular stiffening and cardiovascular disease[J].Metabolism,2021,119:154766.

      收稿日期:2024-06-01;修回日期:2024-06-24

      編輯/王萌

      怀仁县| 吕梁市| 德化县| 新郑市| 济宁市| 德保县| 广东省| 云梦县| 寿宁县| 腾冲县| 凉山| 垣曲县| 双流县| 松桃| 于田县| 泉州市| 固原市| 上栗县| 韩城市| 达拉特旗| 张家界市| 梨树县| 济源市| 武清区| 翁牛特旗| 厦门市| 中牟县| 襄汾县| 全南县| 宁晋县| 榆树市| 牙克石市| 会宁县| 佛坪县| 同仁县| 惠水县| 东莞市| 安塞县| 邛崃市| 吉安市| 英德市|