崔　宇

Unit 17 Great Women

1.What are these women known for?

句中be known for表示“因……而著名；因……而眾所周知”，其中for表示原因。而類(lèi)似短語(yǔ)be known as意為“作為……知名；被稱(chēng)作是……”，其后常接表示身份的名詞。連詞as引起的短語(yǔ)多用來(lái)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的身份，表示“充當(dāng)；作為；用作”等。例如：

This village was known for its extreme poverty in the past.

過(guò)去，這個(gè)村子是個(gè)有名的窮地方。

Her mother is well known as a model teacher.

她媽媽是位有名的模范教師。

As a host you ought to sit back and listen.

作為主人，你應(yīng)該坐在后面傾聽(tīng)。

2.For women it sometimes seems twice as difficult.

句子中twice as difficult是twice as difficult as it is的省略，英語(yǔ)中表達(dá)倍數(shù)通常有以下幾種方法：

(1)“A+be+倍數(shù)+as+形容詞原級(jí)+as+B”。例如:

This room is twice as large as that one.

這個(gè)房間比那個(gè)房間大1倍。

(2)“A+be+倍數(shù)+形容詞比較級(jí)+than+B”。例如:

This ruler is three times longer than that one.

這把直尺的長(zhǎng)度是那把直尺的4倍(即長(zhǎng)3倍)。

(3)“A+be+倍數(shù)+the+名詞+of+B”。例如:

This room is twice the size of that one. 這個(gè)房間比那個(gè)房間大1倍。

(4)“The+名詞+of+A+be+倍數(shù)+that+of+B”。例如:

The length of line AB is four times that of line CD.

線(xiàn)段AB是線(xiàn)段CD的4倍長(zhǎng)。

3.A few days later, I was moving forward over a slope that seemed safe when suddenly without warning my world dropped out from under my skis.

(1)句型be doing…when…表示“正要/正在做某事，突然另一種情況出現(xiàn)了”。例如:

I was jumping into the river when the guide stopped me.

我正要跳到河里去游泳，這時(shí)向?qū)r住了我。

類(lèi)似近義的句型還有：be about to do…when…; be on the point of doing…when…; be on the way to…when…; had done…when…等。

(2)without warning是介詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)，意為“不事先提醒/警告”。例如:

They attacked without warning/without giving a warning.

他們不宣而戰(zhàn)。

(3)drop out表示“退出；不參加；隱退；隱居”等。例如:

He dropped out of college after only two weeks.

他在大學(xué)只上了兩周課就退學(xué)了。

4.I was in good health and all of my equipment was working well.

(1)be in good health意為“身體好”，也可以說(shuō)成be in excellent health?！吧眢w壞”可用be in poor health或be in bad health來(lái)表達(dá)?！吧眢w非常好”可以說(shuō)成be in the best of health。例如:

My grandpa used to be in poor health, but now he is in good health.

我爺爺過(guò)去身體不好，但是現(xiàn)在他的身體很好。

(2)work為動(dòng)詞，這里表示“(指機(jī)器、設(shè)備等)運(yùn)作，運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)”。例如:

The gears work smoothly. 這些傳動(dòng)裝置運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)很靈活。

5.On hands and knees I got the tent up and dragged my sleeping bag into the tent and lay down out of the cold wind.

(1)這里on hands and knees意為“趴著”；介詞on在這里表示“依靠；根據(jù)”。例如:

Slave owners in the south and rich people in big cities grew rich on the work of slaves.

南方的奴隸主以及大城市中的有錢(qián)人都是靠奴隸的勞動(dòng)發(fā)財(cái)。

(2)get表示“使……”，通常用于復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。其常用搭配為:

get sth. done請(qǐng)別人做某事/使某事完成

get sb. to do sth.使某人做某事

get sth./sb.+adj.使變成某狀態(tài)

例如:

Go and get your hair cut. 你去理理發(fā)吧。

It is up to you to get the work done. 該由你來(lái)完成此項(xiàng)工作了。

You should get your friend to help you. 你該讓你的朋友來(lái)幫你。

How did you get yourself so dirty? 你怎么把自己弄得這么臟??？

She went to get supper ready for the children.

她去為孩子們準(zhǔn)備晚餐了。

6.What do you think is needed in order to be a successful woman?

do you think在句子中作插入語(yǔ)。英語(yǔ)中常用I think, do you think, Ibelieve, do you believe等放在句子中間作插入語(yǔ)，它們對(duì)原句的句子結(jié)構(gòu)不產(chǎn)生影響，其特殊疑問(wèn)句構(gòu)成方法是：

“疑問(wèn)詞+do you think/believe/suppose/imagine…+其他成分？”(do you think…不能位于疑問(wèn)詞前）。例如:

What do you think has happened? 你認(rèn)為發(fā)生了什么？

Who do you suggest be sent to work there? 你建議派誰(shuí)去那兒工作？

Unit 18 New Zealand

7.It is made up of two large islands: North Island and South Island.

(1)短語(yǔ)be made up of…意為“由……組成；由……構(gòu)成”，可看作make up短語(yǔ)當(dāng)“組成，構(gòu)成”講時(shí)的被動(dòng)形式。例如:

11 players make up a football team. 11名隊(duì)員組成一支足球隊(duì)。

This novel is made up of ten chapters. 這本小說(shuō)由10個(gè)章節(jié)組成。

(2)make up除有“組成；構(gòu)成”之意外，還有“占；完成；補(bǔ)足；創(chuàng)作；捏造；編造;整理；收拾；化妝”等意義。例如:

They make up one third of the provinces population.

他們占全省人口的1/3。(占)

I need 100 dollars to make up the sum.

我需要100美元來(lái)湊足總數(shù)。(補(bǔ)足)

The teacher asked the students to make up a poem about Christmas.

老師要求學(xué)生們創(chuàng)作一首有關(guān)圣誕節(jié)的詩(shī)歌。(創(chuàng)作)

He is good at making up excuses. 他善于編造借口。(編造)

We make up everything on our own. 我們自己整理一切。(整理)

She always makes up before going out.

外出前她總是化一下妝。(化妝)

8.The North Island is famous for an area of hot springs, some of which throw hot water high into the air.

(1)短語(yǔ)be famous for表示“(主語(yǔ))以有……而著名”；而be famous as則表示“(主語(yǔ))以是……而著名”。例如:

Lu Xun was famous for his great works.

魯迅以他偉大的著作而聞名。

Her mother was famous as an action actress.

她媽媽是一位有名的動(dòng)作女星。

9.More than 120 years later, Captain James Cook took possession of the islands in 1769 and from that time British people started to settle in New Zealand.

(1)possession作“擁有；占有”講時(shí)是不可數(shù)名詞，常與in構(gòu)成短語(yǔ)。而作“財(cái)產(chǎn)；所有物”講則是可數(shù)名詞，經(jīng)常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如:

We are in possession of a big farm. 我們擁有一個(gè)大農(nóng)場(chǎng)。

My grandparents had to gather up their few possessions and leave their hometown. 我的祖父母不得不收拾他們微薄的財(cái)物，背井離鄉(xiāng)。

(2)短語(yǔ)in possession of意為“占有某物”，表示主動(dòng)意義，強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài)；而短語(yǔ)in the possession of意為“被(為)……所占有/擁有”，表示被動(dòng)意義，也用來(lái)強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài)。例如:

Who is in possession of this hill? 誰(shuí)擁有這座山？

This hill is in the possession of Mr Green. 這座山為格林先生所有。

(3)短語(yǔ)take possession of意為“占領(lǐng)；擁有某物”，表明主動(dòng)意義，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作，亦可用get或gain代替take。例如:

I took possession of this company three years ago.

三年前我擁有了這家工廠(chǎng)。

After the war the enemy took possession of the island.

戰(zhàn)后敵人占領(lǐng)了那座島嶼。

鞏固性練習(xí):

1. He is known ____ us all ____ writing children story books ____ a

famous writer.

A. to; for; as B. for; for; as

C. to; as; for D. for; for; for

2. I feel that one of my main duties ____ a teacher is to help the

students to become better learners.(2004廣東，22)

A. for B. by C. as D. with

3. At a rough estimate, Nigeria is ____ Great Britain.(2005上海，28)

A. three times the size as B. the size three times of

C. three times as the size of D. three times the size of

4. Jasmine was holidaying with her family in a wildlife park ____ she was bitten on the leg by a lion.(2004上海，38)

A. when B. while C. since D. once

5. ____, he is exhausted after the mountain climbing.

A. Good health though he is B. Though he is good health

C. He is in good health D. Good health though he is in

6. If anyone happens to drop in while I am out, ____ him or her leave

a message.(2005福建，23)

A. have B. get C. ask D. tell

7. What do you think ____ when he grows up?

A. the boy will become of B. the boy become of

C. will the boy become D. will the boy become of

8. A TV set is ____ over 1,000 different parts.

A. made of B. made into C. made up for D. made up of

9. Strangely the story ____ is popular ____ the young.

A. made up; to B. made up of; with

C. made up of; to D. made up; with

10. Charlie Chaplin was famous ____ an actor ____ his own way of

acting.

A. for; to B. as; for C. as; because D. for; as

11. I packed the remaining ____ in a big box.

A. possession B. possessions C. clothings D. belonging

12. ——How did you ____ the old valuable house?

——It used to be ____ my grandpa. He left it to me in his will.

A. take possession of; in possession of

B. take possession of; in the possession of

C. take the possession of; in the possession of

D. take the possession of; in possession of

Key(3)