劉新會

近年來的英語高考試題更加注重考查考生在特定語言環(huán)境下綜合運(yùn)用語言的能力，體現(xiàn)出綜合性、語境化的的特征。命題一般通過小對話、并列句或主從復(fù)合句等較復(fù)雜的句式，使題干變長，信息量加大，以保證語境的充分設(shè)置，加大試題的難度。此時，考生若能準(zhǔn)確把握語境，找準(zhǔn)題干所提供的關(guān)鍵信息（即“關(guān)鍵詞”），一些看似撲朔迷離的問題便能迎刃而解。下面，筆者就關(guān)鍵詞在單項選擇試題中的重要作用加以舉例分析，以期對同學(xué)們的學(xué)習(xí)有所幫助。

1. I still remember the house ____ Mother and I sat in that evening.

A. where B. in which C. 不填 D. in that

分析：題干中的“in”一詞可視為關(guān)鍵詞。時間狀語that evening前面不能加介詞，所以不能選A項。認(rèn)真分析in在定語從句的成分可知：in的賓語應(yīng)該是先行詞the house，故正確答案為C。

2. The doctor advised Vera strongly that she should take a holiday, but ____ didnt help.

A. it B. she C. which D. he

分析：這里關(guān)鍵詞“but”連接的是并列句，說明句與句之間為并列關(guān)系，既然不存在從屬關(guān)系，就不可選擇關(guān)系詞，故排除C；it指代整個句子，常和并列連詞and/but等連用。答案為A。

3. Which do you enjoy ____ your weekends, fishing or watching TV?

A. spending B. to spend C. being spent D. spend

分析：題中的“which”一詞為關(guān)鍵詞。考生若忽略了疑問詞which就會誤選A項。顯然，enjoy的賓語是which(fishing or watching TV)，動詞不定式短語to spend your weekends作目的狀語，因此正確答案為B。

4. The price ____, but I doubt whether it will remain so.

A. went down B. will go down

C. has gone down D. was going down

分析：該題考查動詞的時態(tài)。由關(guān)鍵信息“remain so”（保持如此）可知“物價已經(jīng)降了下來，只是今后怎樣還不知道”，所以應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在完成時。正確答案為C。

5. ____ and Ill get the work finished.

A. Have one more hour B. One more hour

C. Given one more hour D. If I have one more hour

分析：該題中的“and”為關(guān)鍵詞。若將題干中and刪除，選項C、D也可入選；若 have改為give則A項亦對。正確答案為B。One more hour and Ill get the work finished.相當(dāng)于祈使句Give me one more hour and Ill get the work finished.

6. ——Are the new rules working?

——Yes. ____ books are stolen.

A. Few B. More C. Some D. None

分析：答語中的“Yes”一詞提供了關(guān)鍵信息（后面省去了they are），表明“新的規(guī)章制度正在實行”，因此排除B、C項；D項應(yīng)使用“none+of”結(jié)構(gòu)。正確答案為A。

7. ____ is known to everybody, the moon travels around the earth once

every month.

A. It B. As C. That D. What

分析：標(biāo)點符號在一個句子中是很不引人注意的，但它的作用有時卻相當(dāng)大。該題干中的“，”可視為關(guān)鍵信息，正確答案為B。as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。但如果把逗號改為that，則選A項，這時為that引導(dǎo)主語從句。

8. ____ some of the juice—perhaps youll like it.

A. Trying B. Try C. To try D. Having tried

分析：該題解題的關(guān)鍵信息為“—”，它的作用在此處相當(dāng)于and(連接表示條件與結(jié)果的句子)。故正確答案為B。若忽視了破折號的作用，考生極易誤選A、C項。

9. Why dont you put the meat in the fridge? It will ____ fresh for several days.

A. be stayed B. stay C. be staying D. have stayed

分析：題干中的fresh一詞可視為關(guān)鍵詞。后面能接形容詞的動詞只有系動詞，而系動詞一般不用進(jìn)行時，也沒有被動語態(tài)，故A、C排除；而D項will have stayed為完成時，明顯不符合題意。答案為B。

10. The old couple have been married for 40 years and never once ____ with each other.

A. they had quarreled B. they have quarreled

C. have they quarreled D. had they quarreled

分析：題中的never一詞為關(guān)鍵詞。否定詞提前要引起主謂部分倒裝，則A、B排除；而D項中的過去完成時明顯與上文時態(tài)不符。答案為C。

由此可見，做題時一定要仔細(xì)觀察、分析整個句子，找準(zhǔn)關(guān)鍵信息，排除干擾因素，才能準(zhǔn)確地找到解題的突破口。