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      八年級英語Units9—12要點透視

      2008-12-08 09:29:46
      中學英語之友·中 2008年11期
      關(guān)鍵詞:原句副詞主語

      1.【課文原句】She was born in 1973. 她生于1973年。

      【思路點撥】be born意思是“出生”,是被動語態(tài),born是由bear變來的。當主語是動作的執(zhí)行者時,謂語動詞用主動語態(tài),當主語是動作的承受者時,謂語動詞要用另一種形式,我們稱它為被動語態(tài)。被動語態(tài)由“be+動詞的過去分詞”構(gòu)成,時態(tài)通過be的變化表現(xiàn)出來。它的一般現(xiàn)在時是:am/is/are+過去分詞;它的一般過去時是:was/were+過去分詞:它的一般將來時是:will/shall be +過去分詞;它的現(xiàn)在完成時是:have been+過去分詞;它的過去完成時是:had been+過去分詞。例如:

      My desk is made of wood.我的寫字臺是用木頭做的。(一般現(xiàn)在時)

      ——Where was your sister born? 你妹妹是在哪兒出生的?

      ——She was born in Beijing. 她是在北京出生的。 (一般過去時)

      It will be discussed next week.這事我們下周討論。(一般將來時)

      We havent been told about it.沒人通知我們這件事。(現(xiàn)在完成時)

      When I got to the store, the red sweaters had been sold out.

      當我趕到商店時,紅毛衣已經(jīng)賣光了。(過去完成時)

      【典題例證】The children ____ to swim last month and they can swim very well now.(2006年,河北)

      A. are taught B. were taught C. have taught D. taught

      【答案簡析】答案B。根據(jù)句意用被動語態(tài),從時間狀語last month可知,要用一般過去時。

      2.【課文原句】When did he stop hiccupping? 他什么時候停止打嗝的?

      【思路點撥】stop doing sth.是“停止干某事”的意思,指這一動作不能再繼續(xù)下去;stop to do sth.是“停下來干某事”的意思,指停止前一個動作而開始后一個動作。例如:

      Stop talking, boys and girls. Listen to me, please.

      別說話了,同學們。請聽我說。

      You are tired. Lets stop to have a rest.

      你累了,咱們停下來休息一會兒吧。

      【典題例證】She ought to stop ____; she had a headache because she ____ too long. (2006年,蘭州)

      A. to work, was reading B. to work, has read

      C. working, has read D. working, read

      【答案簡析】答案C。根據(jù)句意,第一個空是“停止做某事”,排除A、B;第二個空強調(diào)影響,用完成時態(tài)。

      3.【課文原句】You are never too young to start doing things. 開始做事永遠別嫌年齡太小。

      【思路點撥】too…to是一個表示否定意義的短語,意思是“太……以致不能……,太……沒有……”,它可以用not…enough to短語改寫,或用so…that改寫為結(jié)果狀語從句。例如:

      The book is too difficult for me to read.=The book is not easy enough for me to read.=The book is so difficult that I cant read it.

      這本書太難了,我看不懂。

      He is too young to do the job.=He is not old enough to do the job.=He is so young that he cant do the job.

      他太小了,不能做這份工作。

      【典題例證】

      ——This box is ____ heavy for me to carry. Can you help me?

      ——Certainly.(2006年,武漢)

      A. so B. much C. very D. too

      【答案簡析】答案D。此處意思是“太……以致不能……”,故填too。

      4.【課文原句】When did she become a movie star? 她什么時候成為電影明星的?

      【思路點撥】become是個連系動詞,其后跟表語,意思是“成為,變得;與……相稱,適合”,它的習慣搭配become of是“發(fā)生,遭遇”的意思。另外,要注意become的用法:①become不可與不定式連用 ②一般不用于“將來成為”的意思,此時改用be。例如:

      It became dark. 天黑了。

      He became a teacher five years ago. 五年前他成了老師。

      A white dress becomes her. 她穿白衣服很合適。

      What has become of the box of candy?那盒糖哪兒去了?

      【典題例證】Jack ____ a doctor after he left the university.

      (2006年,諸城)

      A. becomes B. has become C. became D. become

      【答案簡析】答案C。由從句推斷出應(yīng)該用一般過去時。

      5.【課文原句】He spends all his free time with his grandchildren.他將所有的空閑時間花在了孫子們的身上。

      【思路點撥】在表示“花費時間”時,常用兩個單詞spend和take。前者常用句式為:spend on sth.,spend in doing sth.。在這種句式中,主語是“人”而不是“物”;后者的常用句式是:It takes sb. some time to do sth.,在這種句式中,真正的主語是動詞不定式,而it只是形式主語,總之,句子的主語是“物”而非“人”。例如:

      He does not spend much time on his homework.

      他在做作業(yè)上花不了多少時間。

      It takes him about four hours to watch TV every evening.

      他每晚大約用四個小時時間來看電視。

      【典題例證】He ____ less time reading stories about film stars than before. (2006年,南通)

      A. takes B. spends C. costs D. pays

      【答案簡析】答案B。在“花費時間”句式中,主語是“人”時,用spend;主語是不定式時,用take。

      6.【課文原句】He began to learn the accordion at the age of four, and he started to learn the piano when he was seven. 他四歲時開始學習演奏手風琴,七歲時開始學習彈奏鋼琴。

      【思路點撥】at the age of是個固定搭配,意思是“在……歲時”,在句中作時間狀語,它可以用when來相互改寫,將簡單句改為時間狀語從句。例如:

      She became a nurse at the age of twenty.=She became a nurse when she was twenty years old.她二十歲時成了護士。

      My brother began to learn English at the age of six.=My brother began to learn English when he was six years old.

      我兄弟六歲時開始學英語。

      【典題例證】Her brother joined the army ____ twenty-one.

      (2006年,棗莊)

      A. at the age of B. at the end of

      C. in front of D. by the time of

      【答案簡析】答案A。根據(jù)句意此處為“在……歲時”。

      7.【課文原句】Peter, could you please take out the trash? 彼德,請把垃圾拿出去好嗎?Sure, Mom. 當然可以。

      【思路點撥】在表示請求幫助或允許的疑問句中,我們常用could代替can,以表示禮貌、委婉的語氣。這種句式的回答一般不直接用could,而是常用sure, of course, certainly, Yes, please等;否定回答常用Im sorry I cant. Sorry, I cant. Im sorry Im afraid…等。例如:

      ——Could I borrow your bike? 我能借你的自行車嗎?

      ——Certainly. 當然可以。

      Could you please not make noise? 請不要吵鬧好嗎?

      【典題例證】

      ——Could I go to the movie this weekend, Dad?(2007年,溫州)

      ——Yes, you ____. But you have to come back before nine.

      A. shall B. must C. need D. can

      【答案簡析】答案D。情態(tài)動詞could的肯定回答和否定回答都是用can。

      8.【課文原句】Could you please sweep the floor?請你把地板打掃一下,好嗎?

      【思路點撥】在表示“掃地”時,常用的詞組是sweep the floor,指用掃帚、笤帚去除地面上的垃圾;clean the floor除上述意思外,還可以指用拖把、抹布去除灰塵等;do some cleaning常用來指綜合性的大掃除。例如:

      We sweep the floor twice every day. 我們每天掃地兩次。

      We do some cleaning on Friday afternoon. 我們星期五下午大掃除。

      【典題例證】The new term is coming. The students are busy ____ the classrooms.(2007年,北京)

      A. clean B. cleans C. to clean D. cleaning

      【答案簡析】答案D?!懊τ谧瞿呈隆笔莃e busy doing sth.。

      9.【課文原句】stay out late 在外面呆到很晚

      【思路點撥】stay用作不及物動詞時,意思是“停留,逗留,暫住”;stay用作連系動詞時,意思是“保持”,指保持某種狀態(tài)或程度;stay用作名詞時,意思是“停留,延緩”。例如:

      We often stay at home and play computer games on Sundays.

      星期天我們經(jīng)常呆在家里玩電腦游戲。

      Please stay for dinner.請留下來吃晚飯。

      The weather will stay rainy for a few days.

      這種陰雨天氣將持續(xù)幾天。

      The store stays open till eleven oclock at night.

      這家商店營業(yè)到晚上十一點鐘。

      【典題例證】——What about playing football this afternoon, Sam?

      ——I would rather ____ at home than ____ football. Its too hot outside. (2007年,南京)

      A. stay, playing B. stay, play

      C. to stay, to play D. to stay, playing

      【答案簡析】答案B。would rather…than之后跟不帶to的動詞不定式。

      10.【課文原句】I hate to do chores. 我討厭做家務(wù)。

      【思路點撥】hate動詞,反義詞是love, like,同義詞是dislike, not like,它的主要意思是“恨,憎恨,怨恨,不喜歡,討厭”,其后常跟名詞、代詞、動詞不定式、動名詞作賓語,也可以跟復合賓語,還可以跟that從句。例如:

      The old man hates all cats and dogs.那個老人討厭貓和狗。

      The young man is a thief. All the people hate him.

      那個年輕人是個賊,所有的人都恨他。

      I hate to work for that selfish boss.我不想為那個自私的老板干活。

      【典題例證】Why do you ____(不喜歡)traveling by air?(根據(jù)漢語意思完成單詞)(2007年,青島)

      【答案簡析】答案hate。

      11.【課文原句】Invite my friends to a party. 邀請我的朋友們出席聚會。

      【思路點撥】invite及物動詞,主要意思是“邀請”;多用于書面語,其后常跟復合賓語,它的賓補常用動詞不定式或介詞短語 (to) 來充當;當面邀請常用Will/Would you please…?;invite的另外一個意思是“征求,請……提(問題、意見、建議等)”,它的語氣比asked委婉、客氣得多。例如:

      We invited all our relatives.我們邀請了所有的親戚。

      The villagers invited us to live with them.

      村民們邀請我們和他們住在一起。

      【典題例證】Im thinking of ____(邀請) them to spend the summer with me in Italy. (根據(jù)漢語提示完成單詞)(2007年,蘇州)

      【答案簡析】答案inviting。

      12.【課文原句】Thanks for taking care of my dog. 謝謝你照看我的狗。

      【思路點撥】(1) care是個兼類詞,既可以用作名詞,也可以用作動詞,其基本意思是“關(guān)心,愛護,照顧,注意,擔心”,care常與其他詞組成一些固定的搭配,care about意思是“關(guān)心,在乎”,常用于疑問句和否定句中,后接從句時about要省略;care for作“喜歡”解時,用于疑問句或否定句,作“照顧”解時,是較正式的用語;take care意思是“小心,當心”,其后常跟動詞不定式或that從句,take care=be careful。例如:

      I dont care about your opinion. 我不在乎你的意見。

      I dont care whether it rains.我不在乎下不下雨。

      He doesnt really care for tea.他其實不大喜歡喝茶。

      (2) take care of = look after是個固定的搭配,意思是“照顧,照料,照管,負責,處理”。例如:

      We must take good care of the students well.我們必須照顧好學生。

      Let me take care of the cooking.讓我來負責做飯吧。

      【典題例證】This ____ woman has devoted her life ____ caring for the poor. (2007年,連云港)

      A. modest, with B. kind, to C. selfish, for D. unfair, at

      【答案簡析】答案B。根據(jù)句意第一個空應(yīng)該填kind,“把……貢獻給……”是devote…to。

      13.【課文原句】Jasons has the best quality clothing.杰森服裝店出售的服裝質(zhì)量最好。

      【思路點撥】(1) quality名詞,常見的意思有:品質(zhì);質(zhì)量;特性;品種;身份,地位。例如:

      Wang Gang is an actor of real quality.

      王剛是一位真正有水平的演員。

      That factory produces goods in five qualities.

      那個工廠生產(chǎn)五個品牌的產(chǎn)品。

      (2) clothing, clothes都是“衣服”的意思。前者是物質(zhì)名詞,是服裝的總稱,除衣褲外還包括帽子鞋襪等,它沒有復數(shù)形式,后面要用動詞的單數(shù)形式;后者是最常用的詞,統(tǒng)指身上的各種服裝,包括上衣、褲子、內(nèi)衣等,是個復數(shù)名詞,不能直接與數(shù)詞連用,后面要接動詞的復數(shù)形式。例如:

      This store sells womens clothes.這家商店出售婦女服裝。

      Vera often wears beautiful clothes.薇拉經(jīng)常穿漂亮的衣服。

      【典題例證】Its too cold here in winter. People have to wear ____ clothes.(2007年,北京)

      A. warm B. new C. beautiful D. expensive

      【答案簡析】答案A。根據(jù)句意此處應(yīng)該填“暖和的”。

      14.【課文原句】As for radio stations, most people think that Jazz 107.9 FM is really great.說到廣播電臺,絕大多數(shù)人認為杰敏107.9 FM 調(diào)頻臺的確很棒。

      【思路點撥】(1) as for是個習慣搭配,意思是“至于,就……而論”。例如:

      As for me, I have nothing to say.至于我,我沒什么可說的。

      I could stay for two days, but as for staying for a week, it would be out of the question.我可以呆兩天,至于耽擱一星期之久,那是不可能的。

      (2) radio作不可數(shù)名詞時,意思是“無線電,無線電話,無線電報,無線電廣播”; radio作可數(shù)名詞時,意思是“收音機,無線電設(shè)備”。例如:

      She likes sending a passage by radio.她喜歡用無線電發(fā)消息。

      Your sister is asleep. Turn off the radio, please.

      你妹妹在睡覺,請把收音機關(guān)掉。

      【典題例證】____ money, we will have to borrow some from the bank. (2007年,泰安)

      A. As well B. As well as C. As for D. As with

      【答案簡析】答案C。根據(jù)句意此處為“至于,關(guān)于”。

      15.【課文原句】Last weeks talent show was a great suc-cess.上個星期的才藝表演獲得了巨大成功。

      【思路點撥】success是個名詞,它的形容詞形式是successful,動詞是succeed。例如:

      Both plans have been tried without success.

      兩個計劃都已試過但未獲成功。

      Mao Dun was a successful writer. 茅盾是一位成功的作家。

      Tom succeeded in passing the exam. 湯姆考試及格了。

      【典題例證】——Im sorry to hear that Bill failed the exam again.

      ——Dont worry about him. Im sure that he will never give up until he ____.(2007年,哈爾濱)

      A. succeed B. succeeds C. succeeded

      【答案簡析】答案B。在時間狀語從句中,主句是一般將來時,從句用一般現(xiàn)在時。

      16.【課文原句】Harbin is in the north of China. 哈爾濱在中國的北方。

      【思路點撥】在表示位置時,“在……范圍內(nèi)”用介詞in;“兩地相接,毗鄰”用on;“兩地相望,隔……相望”用to。例如:

      Shanghai is in the east of China. 上海在中國的東部。

      Hubei Province is on the north of Hunan Province.

      湖北在湖南的北部。

      Japan is to the east of China. 日本在中國的東方。

      【典題例證】Shandong Province is ____ the east of Shanxi.

      (2007年,菏澤)

      A. to B. on C. in D. at

      【答案簡析】答案A。因為兩省不毗鄰,故填to。

      17.【課文原句】About 200 yuan a night is enough. 大約200元一宿就足夠了。

      【思路點撥】enough用作形容詞時,常在句子中作定語,既可放在名詞之前,也可放在名詞之后;enough用作副詞時,總是放在被修飾的詞的后面;enough作名詞時,不可數(shù),意思是“充足,足夠”。例如:

      Two men are quite enough.兩個人足夠了。(形容詞)

      Its light enough for reading.天亮得可以看書了。(副詞,修飾形容詞)

      They cant walk fast enough.他們走得不夠快。(副詞,修飾副詞)

      Have you played enough?你玩夠了沒有?(副詞,修飾動詞)

      【典題例證】She was so weak that she didnt catch up with others. (改寫句子,句意不變)

      She was ____ ____ ____ to catch up with others. (2007年,青島)

      【答案簡析】答案not, strong, enough。

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