王新民

一、 尋找完全倒裝標(biāo)志,巧記完全倒裝句型

所謂完全倒裝句型是指當(dāng)某一特定內(nèi)容出現(xiàn)在句首時將謂語動詞直接提前放在該特定內(nèi)容后面而構(gòu)成的倒裝句型,這種倒裝句型的構(gòu)成常有下列標(biāo)志:

1, here,there,in,out,up,dow,away等介詞、副詞放在句首時應(yīng)使用完全倒裝句型。例如:

In came the boy.

Away flew the bird

但是使用這種完全倒裝句型時應(yīng)注意主語必須為名詞,當(dāng)主語為代詞不能使用完全倒裝句型。

誤:Out rushed he.

正:He rushed out.

正:Out he rushed.

2,in front of,in the distance,to the east of 等地點(diǎn)狀語放在句首時應(yīng)使用完全倒裝句型。例如:

In the distance stands a high building. 遠(yuǎn)處矗立著一座高樓。

To the east of the two hills lies a city.這兩座山的東邊有一座城市。

二、 不完全倒裝標(biāo)志,巧記不完全倒裝句型

不完全倒裝句型要求當(dāng)某一特定內(nèi)容出現(xiàn)在句首時不能將謂語動詞直接提至句首,而需在該特定內(nèi)容后加上助動詞、情態(tài)動詞或系動詞。不完全倒裝句型的構(gòu)成常有下列標(biāo)志:

1, hardly, scarely,barely,little,never,seldom 等否定副詞出現(xiàn)在句首時應(yīng)該使用不完全倒裝句型。例如:

Hardly can you understand the text.你幾乎不懂這篇課文。

Little does he know about the news.該消息他知之甚少。

2, not until 出現(xiàn)在句首時應(yīng)使用不完全倒裝句型。例如:

Not until the early years of the 19th century did man know what wheat is ,直到十九世紀(jì)早期人們才知道小麥?zhǔn)鞘裁礀|西。

Not until I began to work did I realise how much time I had wasted .直到我開始工作,我才意識到我已浪費(fèi)了多少時間。

Not until all the fish in the river died did the villagers realise how serious the pollution was.直到河里所有的魚都死了,村民們才意識到污染有多嚴(yán)重。

3, hardly… when…,no sooner… then…(一……就……)放在句首時應(yīng)使用不完全倒裝句型。例如:

Hardly had I got to the airport when the plane took off . 我一到飛機(jī)場,飛機(jī)就起飛了。

No sooner had he gone to bed than the telephone rang.他一上床,電話鈴就響了。

4, so (用于肯定句),neither/nor (用于否定句)表示“也”出現(xiàn)在句首時應(yīng)使用不完全倒裝句型。例如:

He has passed the exam;so have I.他通過了考試,我也通過了考試。

——Do you know Jim quarrelled with his brother ?

——I dont know ,nor do I care.

“你知道吉姆和她的兄弟爭吵嗎?”

“不知道。我也不想知道。“

5.only 出現(xiàn)在句首修飾做狀語的介詞短語和副詞、時間狀語從句和原因狀語從句時應(yīng)使用不完全倒裝句型。例如:

Only in this way can you work out this problem.(only修飾介詞短語)只有用這種方法你才能解出這道試題。

Only then did I realise the importance of studying English .(only修飾副詞)只有那時我才意識到學(xué)習(xí)英語的重要性。

Only when he is free ,will he come to see me .(only修飾時間狀語從句)只有當(dāng)他空閑時他才會來看我。

Only because he was very busy did he not go.(only修飾原因狀語從句)只有因?yàn)樗苊ΑＫ艣]有去。

【注意】only 修飾主語時不使用倒裝句型。例如:

Only teachers can use this room.只有老師們才能使用這個房間。

6,1)not only …but also…放在句首不連接主語時應(yīng)使用不完全倒裝句型。例如:

Not only does he study English but also French.他不但學(xué)英語而且學(xué)法語。

2)not only…but also…鏈接兩個分句時第一個分句倒裝。第二個分句不倒裝。例如:

Not only does he study hard but also he is easy-going.他不但學(xué)習(xí)認(rèn)真,而且容易相處。

3)not only …but also…連接兩個主語時不倒裝。例如:

Not only he but also his parents have been to Beijing. 不但他而且他的父母也去過北京。

5, so…that…(如此……以致……,引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句)結(jié)構(gòu)中當(dāng)so出現(xiàn)在句首時應(yīng)使用不完全倒裝句型。例如:

So fast did he run that I couldnt catch up with him .他跑得如此快,以至于我趕不上他。

三、 尋找特殊倒裝標(biāo)志,巧記特殊倒裝句型

有些倒裝句型的構(gòu)成不是將動詞提前,也不是將助動詞提前(或情態(tài)動詞或系動詞),而是將特殊內(nèi)容提前,這種特殊倒裝句型常有下列標(biāo)志:

1, Prefer to do A rather than do B ,寧愿做A事而不愿做B事,該句型可將rather than do B 提至句首,從而構(gòu)成特殊倒裝句型。例如:

Rather than ride on a crowded bus ,he prefers to ride a bicycle .他寧愿騎自行車,而不愿擠公共汽車。

2, as(盡管)引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時常將句末的表語、動詞或副詞提至句首,從而構(gòu)成特殊倒裝句型。例如:

Young as he is ,he knows a lot .(將表語提前)盡管他年輕,但他懂得很多。

如果表語為單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞。提前時應(yīng)去掉不定冠詞。例如:

Child as he is ,he has been to many places.盡管他還是個小孩,但他已到過許多地方.

Much as I want to see him ,I dare not,(將副詞提前)盡管我很想去看他,但是我又不敢去。

3, 在if虛擬條件從句中,如果從句的謂語動詞含有were,had,could.should,可以將這四個詞提至句首,將連接詞if省去,從而構(gòu)成特殊倒裝句型。例如:

Had it been possible,would you have done it?如果有可能,你會做這件事嗎?

Were I you,I wouldnt go.如果我是你,我就不去。

Should it rain tonorrow,I wont go.如果明天下雨,我不會去的。

4, belong to (屬于)結(jié)構(gòu)中,可將to介詞短語提至句首,在進(jìn)行主謂倒裝,從而構(gòu)成特殊倒裝句型。

To all the people here belongs success,boys and girls.同學(xué)們。成功屬于在座的每一個人。

四、 尋找“形倒實(shí)不倒”標(biāo)志,巧記“形倒實(shí)不倒句型

有些句型形式上酷似倒裝句型,而實(shí)際上不是倒裝句型,不需要進(jìn)行主謂倒裝或其他特殊倒裝,這種“形倒實(shí)不倒”的句型常有下列標(biāo)志:

1, 感嘆句中的what 和how兩詞看似特殊疑問詞,易誤導(dǎo)考生將感嘆句判斷為特殊疑問句而采用倒裝語序,實(shí)際上what 和how引導(dǎo)的感嘆句應(yīng)用陳述語序。例如:

What a long way it is from Beijing to London !從北京到倫敦的路程是多么遙遠(yuǎn)啊!

How beautiful a flower it is !多美麗的一朵花啊!

2, 帶插入語的特殊疑問句仍以特殊疑問詞開頭,易誤導(dǎo)考生將此種句型判定為純特殊疑問句,從而采用倒裝語序。實(shí)際上插入語后面應(yīng)視為賓語從句而采用陳述語序。例如:

Where do you think he has gone?你認(rèn)為他去了哪里?

When do you suppose he will arrive?你猜他什么時候到?

3, what,how,when,why引導(dǎo)的從句易被考生誤認(rèn)為特殊疑問詞而采用疑問式倒裝句語序,實(shí)際上所有從句應(yīng)用陳述語序。例如:

No one can be sure what man will look like in a million year.(賓語從句用陳述語序)

My question is where he has gone.(表語從句用陳述語序)

4, whatever ,however引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時易被考生誤認(rèn)為特殊疑問句而采用倒裝語序,實(shí)際上此時whatever,however引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句,應(yīng)采用陳述語序。例如:

It is generally considered unwise to give a child whatever he or she wants.公眾們通常認(rèn)為一個小孩要什么就給他什么是不明智的做法。

Well have to finish the job however long it takes.無論要花多長時間,我們都要完成這項(xiàng)工作。

(陜西省洋縣智果中學(xué))