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      ?

      “這樣”談?wù)劊樱?/h1>
      2009-05-22 03:38吳茂清
      初中生之友·中旬刊 2009年1期
      關(guān)鍵詞:動(dòng)賓助動(dòng)詞連詞

      吳茂清

      每當(dāng)我們說起英文單詞so的時(shí)候,在你的腦海中一定會(huì)出現(xiàn)“如此”、“因此”、“那么”等中文意思。的確是這樣,so可用作形容詞、副詞和連詞,作形容詞時(shí),常常譯成“真的、不錯(cuò)的”;作副詞時(shí),可譯作“這樣地;像……一樣;(……也)正是那樣”;若作連詞,則可譯作“所以;那么”。

      一、作形容詞,表示“真的”、“不錯(cuò)的”,作表語。如:

      I know very well that just isnt so.

      我知道的很清楚,那確實(shí)不是真的。

      1. so通常放在所修飾的形容詞、副詞之前。如果so修飾“a(an)+形容詞+名詞”時(shí),正確的排列順序?yàn)椤皊o+形容詞+a(an)+名詞”。如:

      Ive never seen so interesting a novel.我從來沒有看過這么有趣的小說。

      注意與such的區(qū)別:such常常修飾“a(an)+形容詞+名詞”。其排列順序?yàn)椤皊uch +a(an)+形容詞+名詞”。如:

      Ive never seen such a beautiful flower .我從來沒見過這么美麗的一朵花。

      但還要注意:a, an常常放在such之后;而 no, any, some, all, many等則常常放在such之前。如:

      Weve never heard of any such story.

      我們從來沒有聽說過這樣的故事。

      2. 主語 + do + so

      在此句型中,so和動(dòng)詞do連用,可用來替代上文出現(xiàn)過的動(dòng)賓和動(dòng)狀結(jié)構(gòu),以避免重復(fù)。如:

      —Have you hadyour breakfast? 你吃早飯了嗎?

      —I did so just now.(did so = had my breakfast. )(動(dòng)賓結(jié)構(gòu))我剛剛吃過。

      二、作副詞

      1.意為“這么 、那么、非?!薄o常常用在形容詞或副詞前,作程度狀語。如果用于否定句,則是加強(qiáng)語氣。如:

      Dont speak so loudly.別說得那么大聲。

      2.意為“太、非?!?。用在形容詞或副詞前,作程度狀語,常用在口語中。如:

      ①The little girl is so excited.小女孩太激動(dòng)了。

      ②Thank you so much!非常感謝你!

      3.意為“這么、那么、這樣”,放在形容詞前,作程度狀語,常用于肯定句。如:

      As you treat me, so I will treat you. 你那樣待我,我也那樣待你。

      4.用在hope, think, tell, suppose, be afraid后面,來代替一個(gè)賓語從句,意為“這樣”。如:

      ①—Do you think well win the match? 你認(rèn)為我們會(huì)贏這場(chǎng)比賽嗎?

      —I hope so. 我希望如此。

      ②“Didnt you pass the exam?” “Im afraid so.”“難道你沒有通過考試?”“恐怕是的?!?/p>

      另外,so還有一手糊弄人的“絕活”,就讓我們一起來看一下吧:

      1. so+系動(dòng)詞(助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞)+另一主語。

      這種句型是主謂倒裝結(jié)構(gòu),表示前句所述肯定情況也適用于另一主語。其中so作“也這樣;也如此”解。值得注意的是,so后的系動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞須同前一句的謂語動(dòng)詞保持一致。如:

      —My sister has been to Hong Kong. 我姐姐去過香港。

      —So have I.我也去過。

      (即:I have been to Hong Kong too.)

      又如:

      —Annie and Kay often go to work by bike.安妮和凱經(jīng)常騎自行車去上班。

      —So does my mother.我媽媽也一樣。

      (即:My mother goes to work by bike, too.)

      溫馨提示:

      如果對(duì)于不同的人(物)就其前面提及的否定事實(shí)進(jìn)行確認(rèn)的話,我們常常用“neither+助動(dòng)詞+主語”。此處的neither是副詞,常用來代替前面所提到的事。表示“甲不這樣,乙也不這樣” 。此時(shí)第二句要用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。如:

      You are not right, neither am I.你不對(duì),我也不對(duì)。

      Mike doesnt like the TV play, neither do his parents.邁克不喜歡這部電視劇,他的父母親也不喜歡。

      2. so+主語+助動(dòng)詞。表示乙完全贊同甲的意見,意為“的確如此,真是這樣”。在這里的主語是指前一個(gè)句子的主語,而后一句的謂語動(dòng)詞要與前句的保持一致。這里的so則相當(dāng)于certainly indeed。如:

      —They have gone to Beijing.他們?nèi)ケ本┝恕?/p>

      —So they have.的確如此。(即:They really have gone to Beijing.)

      —He studies hard. 他學(xué)習(xí)很努力。

      —So he does. 確實(shí)如此。

      三、作連詞

      1.意為“因此、所以”。連接并列句,前一分句表示原因,后一分句表示結(jié)果。如:

      We were tired, so we went home.我們累了,所以就回家了。

      2.意為“使得”,引導(dǎo)一個(gè)結(jié)果狀語從句,相當(dāng)于so that。如:

      The teacher spoke loudly, so we all heard her clearly.老師說得很大,我們都聽清楚了。

      3.表示“為了”、“以便”,引導(dǎo)一個(gè)目的狀語從句,相當(dāng)于so that。例如:

      My mother got up early so she could catch the first bus.為了能趕上第一班公共汽車,我媽早早地起床了。

      四、與so相關(guān)的短語

      1.so as to為了、以便 2.so long as只要 3.so far as就……而言

      4.so far到目前為止 5.or so 大約 、左右 6.so that以便、為了

      五、與so相關(guān)的考題寫真:

      1. Ricky caught a bad cold yesterday;______he had to stay at home. (2007南京)

      A. because B. but C. or D. so

      2. I was______happy on hearing the good news that I couldnt even fall asleep. (2007四川)

      A. too B. so C. such D. much

      3.—Jack? I didnt believe he could work it out.

      —______, but he really got it right. (2007煙臺(tái))

      A. So I didnt B. Me too C. Neither did I D. So did I

      4.—In recent years, more and more Americans like traveling during holidays.

      —______(2007山東濟(jì)寧)

      A. So do we Chinese B. So will we Chinese

      C. So we Chinese do D. So we Chinese will

      5. Andy worked hard______everything would be ready in time. (2007大連)

      A. unless B. so that C. whenever D. even though

      6.—Ann has made great progress recently.

      —______and______. (2007湖北咸寧)

      A. So has she, so have you B. So has she, so you have

      C. So she has, so you have D. So she has, so have you

      7.—How well Anna dances! I cant believe my eyes.

      —______. (2007蘭州)

      A. So she does B. So does she

      C. Neither can she D. So can I

      8. Last night I went to bed late,______I am really tired now.(2008長(zhǎng)春)

      A. so B. or C. but D. yet

      9.—I cant do the work all by myself. What about you?

      —______. Its impossible for anybody to finish the work all by himself or herself. (2008福建)

      A. So can IB. Neither can I C. As well as I

      10.—Do you think it will rain tomorrow?

      —______. Because farmers need rain very much.(2008黑龍江)

      A. I think so B. I hope so C. Im afraid so

      11.—Jim wants to take part in the torch relay(火炬接力) of the 2008 Olym-

      pic Games.

      —______.(2008湖北黃岡)

      A. So I doB. So do IC. Neither do I D. Nor do I

      12.—Do you think well need a coffee pot?

      —I dont drink coffee, and______. Its not necessary. Why not a tea service? (2008山東)

      A. so do you B. neither you do

      C. so you do D. neither do you

      KEYS:1- 6 D B C A B D7-12 A A B B B D

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