鄭　偉

高考英語作文題的卷面分?jǐn)?shù)由九十年代初的15分提高到了近年來的30分,占試卷總分?jǐn)?shù)的五分之一,它的得分情況嚴(yán)重影響考生的英語總成績。近幾年,看圖作文在高考書面表達(dá)中占有相當(dāng)大的比例,自2002年以來,全國大部分高考試卷都是看圖作文。可見對(duì)這一題型認(rèn)真研究、歸納和總結(jié)是很有必要的，筆者研究發(fā)現(xiàn)高考英語看圖作文可以分為五個(gè)步驟。

一、審題：采用 “自上而下”的思維模式，整體構(gòu)思確定基本結(jié)構(gòu)。

審題時(shí)要吃透文字信息和圖畫信息；確定題裁；選定人稱、時(shí)態(tài);列出要點(diǎn)。

二、以詞及點(diǎn)：用一兩個(gè)單詞或短語寫出每句話的細(xì)節(jié)要點(diǎn)。

三、連詞成句：用連詞成句的方法將上述要點(diǎn)的詞語擴(kuò)展成句子。

四、連句成文：拓展主題句，注意連貫性。

主題句僅亮出作者的觀點(diǎn),要使讀者明白作者的觀點(diǎn),就要展開主題,巧妙組織安排語句，使句與句，段與段之間具有連貫性。要達(dá)到此要求，巧用過渡詞語就是其中最關(guān)鍵的一條。

過渡表達(dá)法可以有以下幾種：

表示時(shí)間: now, just now, then, just then, after-wards, soon, before long, shortly after that, soon after lunch, a few minutes later。

表示順序: first, second, third, firstly, secondly, thirdly, first of all, at first, next, at last。

表示并列: and, and then, as well as, also。

表示對(duì)比: like, unlike, just like, just as, while, in the same way, instead of, on the contrary, on the other hand。

表示轉(zhuǎn)折: but, yet, and yet, however, although, otherwise, after all, in spite of。

表示遞: besides, whats more, in addition, even, once more, furthermore, moreover。

表示結(jié)果: thus, so, therefore, as a result, luckily, unfortunately。

表示強(qiáng)調(diào): indeed, surely, certainly, above all, of course, after all, at least, at most。

表示原因: because, because of, for this reason, as a result。

表示解釋和說明: namely, actually, such as , for example, that is to say, and so on, believe it or not, to tell you the truth, according to this, for this reason。

表示總結(jié): in short, finally, in a word, in general, finally, generally speaking, as you know, in the end。

上述過渡性詞語,根據(jù)需要恰當(dāng)使用,能使上下句顯得連接自然、緊密,邏輯關(guān)系清晰。

在這一步驟中還需要注意：①主語和謂語 ②背景（適當(dāng)增加時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)條件等）③邏輯關(guān)系 ④開頭與結(jié)尾

5、檢查修改，規(guī)范書寫

將“自上而下”思維模式與“自下而上”思維模式相結(jié)合，充分利用過渡句增強(qiáng)語篇內(nèi)部的有機(jī)語義聯(lián)系，克服邏輯思維混亂，使文章中心突出。最后，梳理要點(diǎn)，查缺補(bǔ)漏，規(guī)范書寫。

實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練

根據(jù)下列圖畫中Tom騎自行車的經(jīng)歷，用英語寫一篇短文。短文要寫得連貫、完整。字?jǐn)?shù)120-150字。

審 題

1、體裁：敘述Tom騎自行車的經(jīng)歷，為記敘文體

2、主要時(shí)態(tài)：一般過去時(shí)，敘述描繪一起交通事故

3、人稱：第三人稱Tom

4、要點(diǎn)：記敘描繪文體，抓住四個(gè)要點(diǎn)：時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人物、事件的前后經(jīng)過。

字詞文

詞：

① to ride a bike

② to hit his bike and fall off

句：

①Tom was riding a bike along the street.

②The car hit his bike and he fell off it.

文：

The other day, Tom was riding along the street. Suddenly, a car was running towards him fast and hit his bike, and then he fell off it.

參 考 答 案

The other day, Tom was riding along the street. Suddenly, a car was running towards him fast. He was so frightened that he quickly turned to the left side of the road. But it was too late to be safe. The car hit his bike and then he fell off it. When the driver realized that he had caused an accident, he got such a fright that he took flight with his car, he was soon out of sight, leaving Tom helpless on the spot. Fortunately, a passer-by happened to see what had happened and remembered the number of the car, the kind passer-by reported this to the police. Now the driver has been caught and will be punished for his wrong doing.

山東師范大學(xué)大學(xué)外語教育學(xué)院