句子:臨時(shí)借用一下自行車(chē),好嗎? 很快就還你。
誤譯:May I borrow your bike temporarily? Ill return it to you soon.
正譯:May I borrow your bike? Ill return it to you soon.
解釋?zhuān)簍o borrow 的意思是to take sth from sb to use temporarily,即“暫時(shí)使用別人的物品或金錢(qián)”。to borrow 已包含 temporarily(暫時(shí))的意思。漢語(yǔ)用“臨時(shí)”二字,是強(qiáng)調(diào)“暫時(shí)使用,不會(huì)長(zhǎng)期使用”。許諾“用完后會(huì)立即歸還”。因此,“臨時(shí)”二字不必譯出,可以省略temporarily。
“臨時(shí)”的第一個(gè)意思是“暫時(shí)”或“非正式的”,當(dāng)形容詞用。英語(yǔ)可以譯為temporary,強(qiáng)調(diào)“不是永久的”。例如: 1. 你可以睡覺(jué)時(shí)好好想一想,再?zèng)Q定是否要接受這個(gè)臨時(shí)工作。You can sleep on it before you decide whether you are going to take the temporary job.
interim強(qiáng)調(diào)“過(guò)渡性的”。例如:2. 市政府已對(duì)環(huán)境保護(hù)采取重大臨時(shí)步驟。The municipal government has taken a vital interim step towards environmental protection.
provisional強(qiáng)調(diào)“是要變化的”。例如:3. 我們需要為預(yù)備會(huì)議準(zhǔn)備一份臨時(shí)性報(bào)告。We need to prepare a provisional report for the preparatory meeting.
makeshift強(qiáng)調(diào)“替代的事物”。例如:4. 這些業(yè)余演員在一個(gè)用木板搭的臨時(shí)舞臺(tái)上表演。These amateur actors gave a performance on a makeshift stage of wood planks.
“臨時(shí)”的第二個(gè)意思是“臨到事情發(fā)生的時(shí)候”,當(dāng)副詞用。英語(yǔ)可以譯為 at the time when sth happens, at the last moment。例如:
5. 事先準(zhǔn)備好,省得臨時(shí)著急。You should take precautions so that you may not be worried at the time when something happens.
6. 他平日不努力,考試前才臨時(shí)抱佛腳。As he doesnt work hard on usual days, he has to make a frantic effort at the last moment before the exam.▲(本欄目供稿:王逢鑫教授)