陳麗芬 陸國民 周群燕 占強
·論著·
BISAP評分對急性胰腺炎嚴重程度及預(yù)后評估的臨床價值
陳麗芬 陸國民 周群燕 占強
目的通過與傳統(tǒng)的急性胰腺炎(AP)病情評分系統(tǒng)比較,了解急性胰腺炎嚴重程度床邊指數(shù)(BISAP)評分對AP嚴重程度及預(yù)后評估的臨床價值。方法回顧性分析2005年1月至2010年12月間收治的497例AP患者資料,分別進行BISAP、APACHEⅡ、Ranson及Balthazar CT(CTSI)評分,評估病情嚴重程度。應(yīng)用受試者工作曲線下面積(AUC)比較BISAP評分與其他各評分系統(tǒng)對AP嚴重程度及胰腺壞死、器官功能衰竭、患者病死發(fā)生的預(yù)測能力。結(jié)果497例患者中重癥急性胰腺炎(SAP)101例,輕癥急性胰腺炎(MAP)396例,MAP組和SAP組患者的年齡、性別、病因分布差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義。497例患者的BISAP評分、APACHEⅡ評分、Ranson評分的平均分值分別為(1.08±1.01)、(5.79±4.00)、(1.69±1.59)分,兩兩相關(guān)(r值分別為0.612、0.568、0.577,P值均<0.001)。此外,SAP患者的BISAP評分、APACHEⅡ評分、Ranson評分的分值均顯著大于MAP患者(P值均<0.01)。BISAP評分預(yù)測SAP的AUC值為0.762(95%CI0.722~0.799),陽性截止(cutoff)值為2分,敏感性、特異性、陽性預(yù)測值、陰性預(yù)測值分別為63.4%、83.1%、48.1%、89.4%;預(yù)測胰腺壞死的AUC值為0.711(95%CI0.612~0.797),cutoff值為2分,敏感性、特異性、陽性預(yù)測值、陰性預(yù)測值分別為84.6%、46.7%、35.5%、89.7%;預(yù)測器官衰竭的AUC值為0.777(95%CI0.683~0.854),cutoff值為2分,敏感性、特異性、陽性預(yù)測值、陰性預(yù)測值分別為93.1%、51.4%、43.5%、94.9%;預(yù)測患者病死的AUC值為0.808(95%CI0.718~0.880),cutoff值為3分,敏感性、特異性、陽性預(yù)測值、陰性預(yù)測值分別為83.3%、67.4%、25.6%、96.8%。BISAP評分與其他評分系統(tǒng)預(yù)測SAP各預(yù)后指標的差異均無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義。結(jié)論BISAP評分對AP嚴重程度及預(yù)后的評估價值與其他傳統(tǒng)的評分系統(tǒng)相同,但其只有5項指標,且均可在入院24 h內(nèi)采集,可以早期、簡便地預(yù)測SAP,值得在臨床推廣應(yīng)用。
胰腺炎; 疾病嚴重程度指數(shù); BISAP評分; 預(yù)后
臨床上大多數(shù)急性胰腺炎(AP)患者的病程呈自限性,20%~30%患者可發(fā)展為重癥急性胰腺炎(SAP)。AP總體病死率為5%~10%[1]。如果在AP早期能對患者進行準確病情評估,將有助于對患者進行個體化治療,從而達到良好的治療效果并節(jié)省醫(yī)療資源。目前常用的評價AP嚴重程度的評分系統(tǒng)包括Ranson評分、APACHEⅡ評分、CTSI評分,但均各有利弊[2-6]。近年來,國外學(xué)者提出了一個新的評分系統(tǒng)[7],即為急性胰腺炎嚴重程度床邊指數(shù)(bedside index for severity in acute pancreatitis, BISAP)。本研究應(yīng)用BISAP系統(tǒng)對我院AP患者進行評分,并與傳統(tǒng)的評分系統(tǒng)進行比較,探討B(tài)ISAP評分預(yù)測SAP的臨床應(yīng)用價值。
一、臨床資料
收集2005至2010年期間我院收治的資料完整的AP患者,排除發(fā)病3 d后入院或在其他醫(yī)院治療超過3 d轉(zhuǎn)入我院的AP患者。診斷均符合中華醫(yī)學(xué)會消化病學(xué)分會胰腺病學(xué)組制定的標準[1],SAP診斷參照亞特蘭大標準(1992年)[8]?;颊呷朐汉蟾鶕?jù)病情采用禁食、胃腸減壓、抑酸、抑制胰酶分泌、改善微循環(huán)、酌情抗感染及補液等治療,必要時采用腸內(nèi)營養(yǎng)對癥治療,有并發(fā)癥者采取相應(yīng)的處理。
二、數(shù)據(jù)評分及分析
根據(jù)患者24 h內(nèi)的病例資料進行APACHEⅡ評分、BISAP評分,根據(jù)患者48 h內(nèi)的病例資料進行Ranson評分,對癥狀出現(xiàn)后3 d內(nèi)行增強CT的患者行CTSI評分。比較BISAP評分、APACHEⅡ評分和Ranson評分預(yù)測SAP的價值,同時比較BISAP評分與Ranson評分、APACHE Ⅱ評分預(yù)測SAP患者胰腺壞死、器官衰竭和病死的價值,比較BISAP評分與CTSI評分預(yù)測SAP患者器官衰竭和病死的價值。
三、統(tǒng)計學(xué)處理
一、一般情況分析
本研究共收集患者497例,其中男性275例(55.3%),女性222例(44.7%),平均年齡(54±17)歲。病因:膽源性328例(66.0%),酒精性34例(6.8%),高脂血癥性50例(10.1%),特發(fā)性80例(16.1%),其他原因(手術(shù)、外傷、腫瘤)5例(1.0%)。SAP患者101例(20.3%),輕癥急性胰腺炎(MAP)患者396例(79.7%)。SAP患者中,發(fā)生器官衰竭29例(28.7%),出現(xiàn)胰腺壞死26例(25.7%),病死13例(12.9%)。兩組患者性別、年齡、病因具有可比性。
二、各評分系統(tǒng)分值分析
497例患者中,BISAP、APACHEⅡ、Ranson評分平均分值分別為(1.08±1.01)、(5.79±4.00)、(1.69±1.59)分,兩兩比較的相關(guān)系數(shù)分別為0.612、0.568、0.577,P值均<0.001。此外,SAP組3種系統(tǒng)的評分值均顯著大于MAP組(表1)。
表1 MAP組和SAP組患者各評分系統(tǒng)的分值
三、各評分系統(tǒng)預(yù)測SAP的價值
BISAP評分、APACHEⅡ評分、Ranson評分預(yù)測SAP的AUC值分別為0.762(95%CI0.722~0.799)、0.755(95%CI0.714~0.792)、0.801(95%CI0.763~0.835)。各評分系統(tǒng)間的差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(圖1a)。
根據(jù)約登指數(shù)計算出BISAP評分、APACHEⅡ評分、Ranson評分預(yù)測SAP的最佳cutoff值分別為2、8、3分,BISAP評分預(yù)測SAP的敏感性、特異性、陽性預(yù)測值、陰性預(yù)測值分別為63.4%、83.1%、48.1%、89.4%;APACHEⅡ評分為59.4%、82.3%、46.2%、88.8%;Ronson評分為64.4%、86.4%、54.6%、90.5%,各組間差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義。
四、各評分系統(tǒng)預(yù)測SAP預(yù)后的價值
1.預(yù)測SAP胰腺壞死:BISAP評分、APACHEⅡ評分、Ranson評分預(yù)測胰腺壞死的AUC值分別為0.711(95%CI0.612~0.797)、0.703(95%CI0.603~0.789)、0.704(95%CI0.605~0.791),各評分系統(tǒng)間差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(圖1b)。
3個評分的最佳cutoff值分別為2、13、5分。BISAP評分預(yù)測SAP的敏感性、特異性、陽性預(yù)測值、陰性預(yù)測值分別為84.6%、46.7%、35.5%、89.7%;APACHEⅡ評分為53.9%、84.0%、53.8%、84.0%;Ronson評分為50.0%、84.0%、52.0%、82.9%,各評分系統(tǒng)間差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義。
2.預(yù)測SAP器官衰竭:BISAP評分、APACHEⅡ評分、Ranson評分、CTSI評分預(yù)測器官衰竭發(fā)生的AUC值分別為0.777(95%CI0.683~0.854)、0.811(95%CI0.721~0.882)、0.750(95%CI0.653~0.830)、0.675(95%CI0.574~0.765)。BISAP評分與其他3個評分系統(tǒng)的比較差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義,但APACHEⅡ評分的AUC明顯大于CTSI評分(Z=2.174,P=0.030,圖1c)。
4個評分的最佳cutoff值分別為2、13、5、6分。BISAP評分預(yù)測SAP的敏感性、特異性、陽性預(yù)測值、陰性預(yù)測值分別為93.1%、51.4%、43.5%、94.9%;APACHEⅡ評分為62.1%、88.9%、69.2%、81.6%;Ronson評分為51.7%、86.1%、60.0%、81.6%;CTSI評分為48.3%、95.8%、82.4%、82.1%,各評分系統(tǒng)間差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義。
3.預(yù)測SAP患者的病死:BISAP評分、APACHEⅡ評分、Ranson評分、CTSI評分預(yù)測患者病死發(fā)生的AUC值分別為0.808(95%CI 0.718~0.880)、0.796(95%CI0.705~0.870)、0.852(95%CI0.768~0.915)、0.868(95%CI0.787~0.927),各評分系統(tǒng)間差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(圖1d)。
4個評分的最佳cutoff值分別為3、13、5、6分。BISAP評分預(yù)測SAP的敏感性、特異性、陽性預(yù)測值、陰性預(yù)測值分別為83.3%、67.4%、25.6%、96.8%;APACHEⅡ評分為75.0%、80.9%、34.6%、96.0%;Ronson評分為83.3%、83.2%、40.0%、97.4%;CTSI評分為83.3%、92.1%、58.8%、97.6%,各評分系統(tǒng)間差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義。
圖1BISAP評分、APACHEⅡ評分、Ranson評分預(yù)測SAP(a)、胰腺壞死(b)的ROC以及3種評分加上CTSI評分預(yù)測SAP病死發(fā)生(c)、器官衰竭(d)的ROC
亞特蘭大標準綜合評價了AP患者在疾病發(fā)生發(fā)展過程中的器官特異性(局部)及病理生理學(xué)(系統(tǒng))的改變[9],但它不能滿足早期病情評估的需求。由于既往研究[9-10]將亞特蘭大標準作為診斷SAP的標準,故本研究采用亞特蘭大標準作為診斷SAP的依據(jù)。
Ranson評分和APACHEⅡ評分在臨床上被普遍應(yīng)用于AP病情的評估。目前公認, Ranson評分≥3分或APACHEⅡ評分≥8分時提示SAP,這和本研究通過ROC曲線分析所得的Ranson評分和APACHEⅡ評分診斷SAP的最佳cutoff值一致。2007年Forsmark等[11]報道,Ranson評分預(yù)測SAP的敏感性為75%,特異性為77%,陽性預(yù)測值為49%,陰性預(yù)測值為91%,入院時APACHEⅡ評分預(yù)測SAP的敏感性為65%,特異性為76%,陽性預(yù)測值為43%,陰性預(yù)測值為89%。本組病例較之敏感性略低而特異性略高,這可能和病例樣本的差異有關(guān)。
BISAP評分體系是2008年Wu等[7]利用分類回歸數(shù)算法對2000年至2001年的212家醫(yī)院的17 992例AP患者進行研究,篩選出5個最能預(yù)測SAP的指標,應(yīng)用這5項指標對177家醫(yī)院2004年至2005年間的18 256例AP患者進行評估,并與APACHEⅡ評分進行對比驗證后提出的。Papachristou等[12]報告,BISAP評分≥3分時預(yù)測SAP敏感性為37.5%,特異性為92.4%,陽性預(yù)測值為57.7%,陰性預(yù)測值為84.3%。本研究中通過ROC曲線分析得出BISAP評分預(yù)測SAP的最佳cutoff值為2分,當BISAP評分≥2分時,其診斷SAP的敏感性為61.4%,特異性為83.1%,陽性預(yù)測值為48.1%,陰性預(yù)測值為89.4%,相比之下敏感性高而特異性低。若采用BISAP評分≥3分進行SAP診斷時,其敏感性為38.6%,特異性為93.2%,陽性預(yù)測值為59.1%,陰性預(yù)測值為85.6%,則與Papachristou 等的研究結(jié)果相似。
本研究結(jié)果顯示,與APACHEⅡ、Ranson、CTSI評分系統(tǒng)比較,BISAP評分在預(yù)測SAP的敏感性、特異性,預(yù)測胰腺壞死、器官衰竭發(fā)生、患者病死等方面均無明顯差異。但BISAP評分作為一個新的評分系統(tǒng),其參數(shù)數(shù)據(jù)只包括體征、實驗室檢查和影像學(xué)資料等5項指標,易于獲得,計算簡單,且均可在入院24 h內(nèi)采集,可以早期、簡便地預(yù)測SAP[13],值得在臨床推廣應(yīng)用。
[1] 中華醫(yī)學(xué)會消化病學(xué)分會胰腺疾病學(xué)組.中國急性胰腺炎診治指南(草案).中華胰腺病雜志, 2004,4:35-39.
[2] Ranson JH, Pasternack BS. Statistical methods for quantifying the severity of clinical acute pancreatitis. J Surg Res, 1977, 22:79-91.
[3] Yeung YP, Lam BY, Yip AW. APACHE system is better than Ranson system in the prediction of severity of acute pancreatitis. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int, 2006, 5: 294-299.
[4] Larvin M, McMahon MJ. APACHEⅡ score for assessment and monitoring of acute pancreatitis. Lancet,1989, 2:201-205.
[5] Ju S, Chen F, Liu S, et al. Value of CT and clinical criteria in assessment of patients with acute pancreatitis. Eur J Radiol,2006,57:102-107.
[6] Kaya E, Dervisoglu A, Polat C. Evaluation of diagnostic findings and scoring systems in outcome prediction in acute pancreatitis.World J Gastroenterol,2007,13:3090-3094.
[7] Wu BU, Johannes RS, Sun X, et al. The early prediction of mortality in acute pancreatitis: a large population-based study. Gut, 2008, 57:1698-1703.
[8] Bradley EL 3rd. A clinically based classification system for acute pancreatitis. Summary of the International Symposium on Acute Pancreatitis, Atlanta, Ga, September 11 through 13, 1992. Arch Surg, 1993,128:586-590.
[9] Stimac D, Miletic D, Radic M, et al. The Role of nonenhanced magnetic resonance Imaging in the early assessment of acute pancreatitis. Am J Gastroenterol, 2007, 102:997-1004.
[10] 劉巖,路箏,李兆申,等.APACHEⅡ、Ranson和CT評分系統(tǒng)對重癥急性胰腺炎預(yù)后評價的比較.胰腺病學(xué),2006,6:196-200.
[11] Forsmark CE, Baillie J, AGA Institute Clinical Practice and Economics Committee, et al. AGA Institute technical review on acute pancreatitis. Gastroenterology, 2007,132:2022-2044.
[12] Papachristou GI, Muddana V, Yadav D, et al. Comparison of BISAP, Ranson′s, APACHEⅡ and CTSI scores in predicting organ failure, complications, and mortality in acute pancreatitis. Am J Gastroenterol,2010,105:435-441.
[13] Singh VK, Wu BU, Bollen TL, et al. A prospective evaluation of the bedside index for severity in acute pancreatitis score in assessing mortality and intermediate markers of severity in acute pancreatitis. Am J Gastroenterol,2009,104:966-971.
Evaluationofbedsideindexforseverityinacutepancreatitisinpredictingseverityandprognosisofacutepancreatitis
CHENLi-fen,LUGuo-min,ZHOUQun-yan,ZHANQiang
DepartmentofGastroenterology,WuxiPeople′sHospital,NanjingMedicalUniversity,Wuxi214039,China
Correspondingauthor:ZHANQiang,Email:zhanq33@163.com
ObjectiveTo evaluate the value of bedside index for severity in acute pancreatitis (BISAP) in predicting the severity and prognosis of acute pancreatitis (AP) by comparison with traditional scoring systems.MethodsFour hundred ninety-seven patients of AP admitted into Wuxi People′s Hospital from January 2005 to December 2010 were studied retrospectively. BISAP, APACHEⅡ, Ranson and Balthazar CT (CTSI) scores were calculated, respectively, in order to evaluate the severity. The AUC of ROC was used to evaluate the ability of BISAP and the other scoring systems in predicting the severity of AP and the occurrence of pancreatic necrosis, organ failure and mortality.ResultsAmong 497 patients,mild acute pancreatitis (MAP) was identified in 396 patients and severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) in 101 patients. The gender, age and etiological factors between MAP and SAP were not statistical different. The BISAP, APACHE Ⅱ,Ranson scores of the 497 patients were 1.08±1.01, 5.79±4.00, 1.69±1.59, and the scores were inter- correlated(r=0.612,0.568,0.577,P<0.001). In addition, the BISAP, APACHEⅡ, Ranson scores of SAP patients were significantly higher than those in MAP patients. The AUC of BISAP for SAP was 0.762(95%CI0.722~0.799), when the cutoff value was 2, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV) were 63.39%,83.08%,48.1%,89.4%; the AUC of BISAP for pancreatic necrosis was 0.711(95%CI0.612~0.797),when the cutoff value was 2, the sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV were 84.6%,46.7%,35.5%,89.7%; the AUC of BISAP for organ failure was 0.777(95%CI0.683~0.854), when the cutoff value was 2, the sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV were 93.1%,51.4%,43.5%,94.9%; the AUC of BISAP for mortality was 0.808(95%CI0.718~0.880), when the cutoff value was 3, the sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV were 83.3%,67.4%,25.6%,96.8%. In the cases of SAP, the ability of BISAP and the other scoring systems in predicting the prognosis showed no statistical difference.ConclusionsThe BISAP has the prediction ability for AP severity and prognosis similar to other scoring systems, and it consists of only 5 parameters and can be completed in the first 24 h of admission, therefore it can be used for early predication of SAP, which is worth of clinical application.
Pancreatitis; Severity of illness index; BISAP score; Prognosis
10.3760/cma.j.issn.1674-1935.2012.04.001
214039 無錫,南京醫(yī)科大學(xué)附屬無錫人民醫(yī)院消化內(nèi)科
占強,Email: zhanq33@163.com
2012-04-09)
(本文編輯:呂芳萍)