盧慧芳
2011年,我教授高一年級(jí)一個(gè)文科重點(diǎn)班的英語學(xué)科,文科班女生人數(shù)較多,英語基礎(chǔ)較好,學(xué)習(xí)英語的熱情高。開學(xué)一個(gè)月以來,每天我認(rèn)真?zhèn)湔n,上課,課后及時(shí)批改學(xué)生的作業(yè)。我的要求是:首先,學(xué)生要能熟練地記住每個(gè)單元中考試大綱所要求的“三會(huì)”詞和短語(會(huì)讀會(huì)寫會(huì)默),并且能夠掌握它們的用法,運(yùn)用它們?cè)炀?。其次,學(xué)生對(duì)課文內(nèi)容要很熟悉,能夠用自己的語言復(fù)述。因此,我將絕大部分課堂時(shí)間都花在講解基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn),講練語法和培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的理解能力上,尤其是課文的理解,給學(xué)生自由發(fā)揮的空間比較小,班上英語基礎(chǔ)好的學(xué)生對(duì)課堂上的這些內(nèi)容明顯“吃得飽”,而且“學(xué)有余力”。由于我比較嚴(yán)肅,不少學(xué)生對(duì)我既害怕又尊敬,他們想說又不敢說。其中有個(gè)膽大的學(xué)生向我提了個(gè)問題:“老師,我希望能鍛煉我的口語,希望能有這樣的機(jī)會(huì)。你講的東西我基本都懂,你講過聽、說、讀、寫是四個(gè)基本技能,我說的能力好像沒有發(fā)展。”我問:“班里的同學(xué)對(duì)英語說的能力反映怎樣?”他回答:“他們也感覺你要讓他們用英語說點(diǎn)東西,這樣會(huì)提高對(duì)英語的興趣?!蔽彝蝗灰庾R(shí)到學(xué)生反映的這個(gè)問題是我教學(xué)中的一個(gè)薄弱環(huán)節(jié),自己天天講解,盡心盡力,為什么不讓學(xué)生說,給他們空間,聽聽他們的想法,多給他們鍛煉的機(jī)會(huì),尤其是口語練習(xí)的機(jī)會(huì)呢?于是,我在之后的英語教學(xué)過程中,充分利用課文等材料,課前5分鐘和英語角,有意識(shí)地滲透口語教學(xué)。
一、利用每個(gè)單元中的Functional Items模塊,訓(xùn)練日常生活中的交際用語。
以人教版新課標(biāo)高中英語必修3中Unit1 Festivals around the world中的functional item為例。這個(gè)單元的functional item是making phone calls,課本設(shè)置的材料是要求學(xué)生通過打電話邀請(qǐng)自己的好友去Trinidad看Carnival(狂歡節(jié)),學(xué)會(huì)口語表達(dá)how to make a phone call,how to send a invitation和how to express thanks.我要求學(xué)生課后想象三個(gè)情景,在下一堂課表演。情景一:假設(shè)你是Candy,給好友Tom打電話去看Carnival,他沒有接到電話;情景二:Tom接到電話卻沒接受邀請(qǐng);情景三:Tom 接到電話且接受了邀請(qǐng)。參考范文如下:
SituationA S1——May I speak to Tom?This is his friend Candy.
S2——Sorry,Candy.Tom isnt at home right now.He is playing basketball with his friends.
S1——Who is that?
S2——This is his mother.
S1——Do you know when he comes back?
S2——About half an hour later.
S1——Thank you.Ill ring him up again.
SituationB S3——Is that Tom?
S4——Yes
S3——Tom,this is Candy.Would you like to see the Carnival in Trinidad this Sunday morning?
S4——Id love to,but I have to prepare for my maths test next Monday.
Situation C S5——Is that Tom?
S6——Yes
S5——Tom,this is Candy.Would you like to see the Carnival in Trinidad this Sunday morning?
S6——Oh,its a good idea.Im looking for it.When and where can I meet you?
S5——Lets meet in the Modern Square at 7:30am.OK?
S6——Good.Its very kind of you.
S5——Its a pleasure./Dont mention it./You are most welcome.
打電話的交際用語,學(xué)生在聽力材料中聽得較多,學(xué)生表現(xiàn)讓我比較滿意。
二、利用課本中reading素材,讓學(xué)生發(fā)揮想象,訓(xùn)練口語表達(dá)能力。
以人教版新課標(biāo)高中英語必修3中Unit 1的A sad love story為例。學(xué)生對(duì)我國民間故事牛郎織女非常熟悉,并且課文中有英文的簡(jiǎn)單介紹,所以我要求學(xué)生想象其中的對(duì)話情節(jié),設(shè)置三個(gè)情景(相遇,求婚,辯論),由四名學(xué)生扮演對(duì)話角色,其中一個(gè)是旁白,一個(gè)是牛郎,一個(gè)是織女,一個(gè)是王母娘娘。參考范文如下:
A Sad love story
Characters:
Student1 Niu Lang,an honest and handsome man,is taking care of a cow in a mountain.
Student2 Zhi Nv,a young beautiful lady and granddaughter of the Goddess of Heaven,is good at weaving and wants to know something about humans life.
Student3 the Goddess of Heaven,Grandmother of Zhi Nv
Student4 the narrator
Situation A:Meeting with each other at the first time.
S4——This is the first time that Niu Lang and Zhi Nv have met with each other.
S1——How do you do?
S2——How do you do?Whats your name?Im Zhi Nv from the Heaven.And you?
S1——My name is Niu Lang.Welcome to my hometown.
S2——Yell,its so beautiful here.Would you like to take me to enjoy the beautiful scenery?
S1——Yes,Id like to.
Situation B:Niu Langs asking Zhi Nv to marry him.
S4:As time goes on,love between Niu Lang and Zhi Nv becomes increasingly deep.
S1(shy)——Oh,I have an important thing to tell you——I love you.
S2(shy)——I love you,too.
S1——Could you marry me?
S2——Oh,oh,I dont know whether my parents would agree,especially my grandmother.I think if they know,they will be angry.
S1——Dont worry,my girl.You should believe me.I can give you a happy life.
Situation C:Debate between Zhi Nv and the Goddess of the Heaven.
S4:After they married several years,the Goddess of the Heaven knew the thing finally.She ordered her soldiers to take Zhi Nv back to the Heaven.
S3——My dear granddaugher,how can you marry a human?You know the rule in our Heaven that immortals cant marry human beings.
S2——We live happily together.
S3——The life in the human world cant compare with that in our Heaven.It is too hard.Here you can get whatever you want.
S2——I dont care.I prefer to live with him.
S3(angry)——You must stay in the Heaven and cant see him forever. This is an order.
S2——Oh,no.If so,I would rather die.
S3(helpless)——I think you can only meet each other on the seventh day of the seventh lunar month in the Milky Way.I let magpies make a bridge for you.If it rains,you cant meet.
三、利用課堂前五分鐘,讓班上每個(gè)學(xué)生輪流到黑板前練習(xí)口語。
我每天利用英語課堂的前5分鐘,讓一名學(xué)生到黑板前練習(xí)口語表達(dá)。按學(xué)生的座位或?qū)W號(hào)輪流,這樣做既給英語基礎(chǔ)好愛表現(xiàn)的學(xué)生展示自己的空間,提高他們學(xué)習(xí)英語的興趣,又給那些英語基礎(chǔ)差不愛表現(xiàn)的學(xué)生鍛煉自己的機(jī)會(huì),提高他們的心理素質(zhì)。口語表達(dá)的形式多樣,如即興演講impromptu speech,天氣預(yù)報(bào)weather forecast,時(shí)政要聞political news,幽默humor,笑話jokes or funny story,詩歌朗誦reading poems,周邊有趣的事interesting things around us.
以日本2011年三月份發(fā)生的大地震為例,我設(shè)計(jì)了一個(gè)老師與學(xué)生之間簡(jiǎn)短的對(duì)話交流。參考范文如下:
T——Have you heard of the tsunami in Japan in 2011?
S——Yes,I have.
T——What do you think of the disaster?
S——Its terrible.It has brought enormous damage to Japan,especially in economy.
T——And we know that 4 nuclear stations exploded.What do you think of the event?
S——Yell,very terrible.
T——What effects do you think it has?
S——Environmental pollution and economical loss.
T——Thank you very much.Please go back to your seat.
四、組成英語興趣小組,利用課后時(shí)間學(xué)生自己結(jié)成搭檔訓(xùn)練口語。
我將班上對(duì)英語感興趣的學(xué)生組成興趣小組,每周三次課后(星期一,星期三,星期五下午4:40)集中到學(xué)校文化長廊中(我們稱之為English Corner),要學(xué)生和自己的搭檔利用手頭的聽力對(duì)話材料進(jìn)行對(duì)話朗讀,對(duì)話練習(xí),久而久之他們對(duì)英語的日常交際用語的使用越來越熟悉。要學(xué)生和自己的搭檔利用書本中的圖片,針對(duì)圖片相互描述或相互問答。
五、利用我國和國外一些重大節(jié)日或一些hot words進(jìn)行師生之間的口語練習(xí)。
社會(huì)在發(fā)展,時(shí)代在變遷。隨著信息時(shí)代的到來,學(xué)生能從各種不同的渠道獲得新的信息與知識(shí)。以12月25日為例,在這天的英語課上,我采用詢問關(guān)于Christmas的知識(shí)進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)短對(duì)話。
T——What festival is it today?
Ss——Christmas.
T——What western people do today?
Ss——They have a party and eat turkey.
T——Who are the happiest?
Ss——The children.
T——Why do you think so?
Ss——Because Santa Claus will send them gifts.
又如有時(shí)我會(huì)采用學(xué)生都感興趣的hot words 進(jìn)行對(duì)話。
T——Do you know the meaning of the sentence“You are out”?
Ss——“你過時(shí)了”
T——Good,do you know how to say“票房”in English?
Ss——How to say?
T——Box office.
六、引用英語諺語進(jìn)行教學(xué)。
我在學(xué)生每天英語課的5分鐘口語演講后,寫一句英語諺語在黑板上,讓學(xué)生抄寫下來,早晚讀背,久而久之,他們積累了不少諺語,能在英語課堂中運(yùn)用,并且在寫作中也能運(yùn)用。如下面這些諺語:
Where there is a will,there is a way.
Knowledge is Power.
A friend in need is a friend indeed.
Failure is the mother of success.
A good book is a good friend.
A good beginning is half done.
A fall into a pit,a gain in your wit.
An apple a day keeps the doctor away.
Confidence in yourself is the first step on the road to success.
Dont trouble trouble until trouble troubles you.
Perseverance means success,which can make the impossible possible.
When you are down,you are not necessarily out.
經(jīng)過一個(gè)學(xué)期的努力,學(xué)生對(duì)英語的興趣更濃,能夠大膽開口說英語,其他方面的素質(zhì)也得到提高,表現(xiàn)得更自信。我在學(xué)生眼中也變得越來越和藹可親,因?yàn)橥ㄟ^這些教學(xué)活動(dòng)他們對(duì)我的了解越來越深。
英語口語教學(xué)一直以來都是英語教學(xué)的一個(gè)薄弱環(huán)節(jié),尤其對(duì)于地處農(nóng)村的中學(xué)來說,因教學(xué)條件有限,教學(xué)環(huán)境不同,更是困難。我認(rèn)為,廣大英語老師只要有目的地、有計(jì)劃地把口語教學(xué)放在日常教學(xué)環(huán)節(jié)中,引導(dǎo)學(xué)生多利用身邊的材料,聯(lián)系生活實(shí)際,就一定可以提高學(xué)生的口語能力,讓學(xué)生的聽、說、讀、寫四項(xiàng)基本技能得到全面發(fā)展,使學(xué)生越來越喜歡英語,熱愛英語。