站在蓬勃發(fā)展的新起點(diǎn)上

Standing on a New Starting Point of Vigorous Development

新中國(guó)第一項(xiàng)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)the first standard of New China標(biāo)準(zhǔn)體系建設(shè)construction of standard system

——朱镕基

“As long as the chance is certain,we shall make our action decisive,our working procedures simplified,and the pace of development accelerated,so as to create new prospects of China's standards work rapidly.”

如果說(shuō)詹天佑關(guān)于統(tǒng)一全國(guó)鐵路軌距的倡議，是中國(guó)近代史上仁人志士推動(dòng)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化探索之一，那么20世紀(jì)30、40年代，南京國(guó)民政府工業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)委員會(huì)、全國(guó)度量衡局開(kāi)展的一系列工作便是中國(guó)現(xiàn)代意義上官方標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化活動(dòng)的開(kāi)端。

If the petition of adopting standard railway gauge made by Zhan Tianyou was one of the attempts to promote standardization in modern history of China,the series of work carried out by Industrial Standards Commission of Nanjing National Government and National Bureau of Standards in the 1930s and 1940s could be rated as the beginning of modern China's official standardization activities.

遺憾的是，盡管上述機(jī)構(gòu)曾先后征集、編譯國(guó)外標(biāo)準(zhǔn)達(dá)萬(wàn)余項(xiàng)，還參加了國(guó)際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化組織（ISO）成立大會(huì)、使中國(guó)成為理事國(guó)之一，但國(guó)人發(fā)展標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化事業(yè)的努力卻一次次受累于孱弱的國(guó)勢(shì)、湮沒(méi)在戰(zhàn)亂的烽煙中——標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化工作更多停留于紙面，其影響未能滲入社會(huì)各個(gè)方面，中國(guó)甚至還因?yàn)橥锨窌?huì)費(fèi)而喪失ISO會(huì)籍……

Unfortunately,the attempts of promoting standardization turned out to be swallowed by the weak national power and chaotic wars at that time,despite the fact that the above-mentioned organizations collected and compiled more than 10,000 foreign standards,attended the inaugural meeting of International Standardization Organization(ISO),and turned China into one of the permanentmembersofISO.Standardization work at that time usually stopped at the plans, and failed to influence Chinese society.Indeed, China was forfeited the ISO membership due to arrears in contribution.

直到1949年10月，在中華人民共和國(guó)開(kāi)國(guó)大典的隆隆禮炮聲中，中國(guó)歷史開(kāi)創(chuàng)了人民當(dāng)家作主的新紀(jì)元，中國(guó)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化事業(yè)就此站到了蓬勃發(fā)展的新起點(diǎn)上。這一年，新中國(guó)成立中央技術(shù)管理局，開(kāi)始組織標(biāo)準(zhǔn)制修訂工作，并頒布新中國(guó)第一項(xiàng)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)——《工程制圖》。人民政府通過(guò)重點(diǎn)推進(jìn)工業(yè)生產(chǎn)和工程建設(shè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化，初步改變了舊中國(guó)遺留下的設(shè)備繁雜、管理混亂、技術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)因地而異的“萬(wàn)國(guó)牌”狀況，同時(shí)也拉開(kāi)了我國(guó)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)體系建設(shè)的序幕。

民國(guó)王義和號(hào)竹雕大銅升

民國(guó)老稱戥子

民國(guó)時(shí)期計(jì)量的米斗

Until October 1949,the founding of People's Republic of China turned a new page in Chinese his-tory,starting a new era with the people becoming the masters of their own country.Chinese standardization enterprise therefore stood on the starting point of vigorous development.In the same year,the Central Technical Authority of New China was established and began to organize the development of standards.The first standard of New China--Engineering Drawing was published afterwards.Focusing on improving the standardization of industrial production and engineering construction,the government reversed the chaotic situation of“product marks of nations”which was the hangover from the old China where the equipments were diverse,management was confused and the local standard systems were separate.

1957年，提出國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化工作基本方針，發(fā)布第一批國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)（GB）；1963年，頒布第一個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化十年發(fā)展規(guī)劃，與計(jì)劃經(jīng)濟(jì)體制相匹配的技術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)體系趨于完善；1978年，重新加入ISO；1989年，《中華人民共和國(guó)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化法》施行；2008年成為ISO常任理事國(guó)，2011年成為IEC常任理事國(guó)，2013年中國(guó)人首次當(dāng)選ISO主席，標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化工作實(shí)現(xiàn)了歷史性的重大突破……我國(guó)國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)總數(shù)已逾2.4萬(wàn)項(xiàng)，適應(yīng)市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展、覆蓋經(jīng)濟(jì)與社會(huì)各領(lǐng)域的國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)體系基本形成。

2013年9月20日，中國(guó)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化專家委員會(huì)委員、國(guó)際鋼鐵協(xié)會(huì)副主席張曉剛（左一）成功當(dāng)選ISO主席。

In 1957,the basic guidelines of national standardization were released and the first national standards(GB)were published.In 1963,with the first ten-year development plan of standardization promulgated,thetechnicalstandardssystem matching the planned economic system was gradually improved.In 1978,China rejoined ISO. In 1989,the Standardization Law of People's Republic of China came into force.A historic breakthrough was achieved when China became a permanent member of ISO in 2008 and of IEC in 2011,when Chinese people were first elected to the ISO Chairman in 2013 and so on.Now,our national standards have amounted to more than 24,000.A national standard system which adapts to the market economy and covers the economic and social fields has basically come into existence.

時(shí)光飛馳，壯志依舊，我們有理由相信，在新一代標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化工作者的共同努力下，新世紀(jì)的中國(guó)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化事業(yè)必將進(jìn)入一個(gè)高度科學(xué)化和欣欣向榮的歷史新時(shí)期，成為推動(dòng)實(shí)現(xiàn)中華民族偉大復(fù)興的強(qiáng)有力支撐！

While time flies,the aspiration remains ever strong.We have reasons to believe that,with the joint efforts of the new generation of standardization practitioners,the standardization enterprise in China in the new century will surely enter a highly scientific and flourishing historical period,and will become a strong holding power for the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation!

（支持單位：上海市標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化研究院 整理：楊超 葉笑欣）