黃麗紅

定語(yǔ)從句分為限制性定語(yǔ)從句和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句兩種。限制性定語(yǔ)是句中不可缺少的組成部分，如果缺少，先行詞的意思就不明確，主句也不完整。這類句子和主句之間一般不用逗號(hào)分開。限制性定語(yǔ)從句中的關(guān)系代詞有時(shí)可以省略。非限制性定語(yǔ)從句是對(duì)主句是先行詞的補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明，沒有從句并不影響主句意思的明確或完整。這類從句一般用逗號(hào)與主句分開。非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中的關(guān)系代詞不可省略。

一、定義

在復(fù)合句中擔(dān)任定語(yǔ)的從句，叫定語(yǔ)從句。定語(yǔ)從句通常置于它所修飾的名詞或代詞以后，這種名詞或代詞叫做先行詞。

二、引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞

⒈關(guān)系代詞：that，which，who，whom和whose

⒉關(guān)系副詞：where，when和why

關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞在句中起聯(lián)系從句與主句的作用，同時(shí)又在從句中作一定的成分。如主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)等。

三、關(guān)系代詞：that，who（whom）whose和which的具體用法

（1）that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句。在從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)等。其先行詞是人也可以是物。

①A scientist is a person who/that invents or discovers things.（主語(yǔ)）

②A train is a machine that can run..（主語(yǔ)）

③He is the man that/whom we should learn from.（賓語(yǔ)）

（2）Who（whom）引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句。在從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)等。其先行詞是人。（若在從句中作賓語(yǔ)，要用whom）。

①The teacher who/that teaches us English is from the USA.（主語(yǔ)）

②She is the person whom/that I met at the school gate yesterday.（賓語(yǔ)）

（3）Which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句。在從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。其先行詞是物。

The letter which/that he received yesterday is his mothers（賓語(yǔ)）

（4）Whose指人或物。在從句中作定語(yǔ)。指物時(shí)?？捎胦f which代替。

①The man whose bike was stolen was my uncle.（指人作定語(yǔ)）

②Mr Green lives in a house whose roof is red.（指物作定語(yǔ)）

四、注意以下幾點(diǎn)

1.用that而不用which的情況

（1）先行詞為all，much，little，everything，anything，nothing，none，few，the one等不定代詞時(shí)。

①Thats all that I have seen and heard.

②I mean the one that was bought yesterday.

（2）指物的先行詞被形容詞最高級(jí)或被only，any，one of，few等修飾時(shí)。

①It is the most important task that should be finished soon.

②My necklace is not the only thing that is missing.

（3）先行詞為數(shù)詞或被序數(shù)詞（含last）修飾時(shí)：

Look at there flowers.You can see the two that you gave me.

（4）先行詞中既有人又有物時(shí)：

we were deeply impressed by the teachers and schools that we had visited.

2.不用that的情況

（1）當(dāng)先行詞本身是that時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞要用which.

The clock is that which tells the time.

（2）關(guān)系代詞前有介詞時(shí)：

Eg：This is the room in which Lu Xun lived.

3.關(guān)系代詞在從句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省

①The tool（that/which）he is working with is called a saw.

②Do you know the woman（who/that）she was talking to？

4.當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在人稱和數(shù)上與先行詞保持一致

①The child who is reading there is my brother.

②The children who are reading are my classmates.

五、關(guān)系副詞when，where，why的用法

關(guān)系副詞在定語(yǔ)從句中只能充當(dāng)從句的狀語(yǔ)，不能省略。

1.when引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句

when在定語(yǔ)從句中作表示時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)。它所修飾的是表示“時(shí)間”的詞。

①I still remember the day when you first came here.

②The day when we won the match finally came.

2.where引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句

where在定語(yǔ)從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，修飾的先行詞是表示“地點(diǎn)”的名詞或代詞。

①I like the places where it is warm.

②Do you still remember the village where you were born？

3.why引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句

why在定語(yǔ)從句中作原因狀語(yǔ)，修飾的先行詞一般是reason.

①The reason why he was late was that he missed the bus.

②I dont know the reason why he is crying.endprint