屠秋娣 張曉輝 壽張飛 陳江華
腹膜透析患者腹膜功能與微炎癥因子的關(guān)系
屠秋娣 張曉輝 壽張飛 陳江華
目的 探討腹膜透析患者血清、透出液中的IL-6、CRP與腹膜轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)功能之間的關(guān)系。方法選取規(guī)律隨訪且沒有明顯炎癥的維持性腹膜透析患者44例,入選患者在腹膜透析1個(gè)月時(shí)行腹膜平衡試驗(yàn)(PET)。根據(jù)透出液/血漿肌酐濃度比值(D/Pcr)將患者分為L/A組(D/Pcr≤0.64)22例和H/A組(D/Pcr≥0.65)22例,腹膜透析6個(gè)月時(shí)再次行PET檢查。檢測腹膜透析后1、6個(gè)月的血清及透出液中CRP、IL-6水平,分析其與腹膜轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)功能的關(guān)系。結(jié)果兩組患者在年齡、殘余腎功能和尿素清除指數(shù)(KT/V)間差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義,H/A組血清白蛋白水平低于L/A組,H/A組患者夜間超濾量明顯少于L/A組。L/A組和H/A組腹膜透析6個(gè)月后血清CRP水平均高于1個(gè)月;H/A組腹膜透析1、6個(gè)月血清CRP水平高于L/A組,腹膜透析6個(gè)月透出液CRP水平高于L/A組。L/A組和H/A組在腹膜透析6個(gè)月血清IL-6水平均明顯高于1個(gè)月;H/A組腹膜透析1、6個(gè)月血清IL-6水平均高于L/A組。L/A組6個(gè)月后透出液IL-6水平明顯高于1個(gè)月;H/A組腹膜透析1個(gè)月時(shí)透出液IL-6水平明顯高于L/A組?;颊吒鼓まD(zhuǎn)運(yùn)功能可能與血清CRP和IL-6相關(guān),血清CRP和IL-6是影響腹膜轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)功能的危險(xiǎn)因素。結(jié)論患者腹膜轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)功能可能與血清CRP和IL-6相關(guān),全身微炎癥是影響腹膜轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)功能的危險(xiǎn)因素。
腹膜透析 腹膜高通透性 白介素-6 C反應(yīng)蛋白
腹膜透析是治療終末期腎臟病患者三大替代治療的主要方法之一,保存腹膜功能是成功腹膜透析必要條件。研究顯示腹膜高轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)是患者死亡和技術(shù)失敗的重要因素[1-2]。所謂腹膜高轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn),亦稱腹膜快速轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)、腹膜高通透性,是以腹膜小分子溶質(zhì)轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)率增加為特征,通過腹膜平衡試驗(yàn)(PET)對4h透出液/血漿肌酐濃度比值(D/ Pcr)進(jìn)行評估。已有研究表明反復(fù)使用非生理性腹膜透析液可引起慢性非特異性炎癥;另外尿毒癥本身是一種炎癥狀態(tài)。慢性炎癥可導(dǎo)致營養(yǎng)不良和心血管疾病,因而預(yù)后差。微炎癥與腹膜轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)的關(guān)系是目前研究熱點(diǎn)之一[3-4],其中促炎癥因子如IL-6、CRP的水平的升高可能與腹膜透析患者腹膜高轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)相關(guān)。IL-6為22~27 kDa多肽,是急性期炎癥反應(yīng)因子[6]。CRP作為炎癥標(biāo)志在臨床上受到廣泛重視。微炎癥狀態(tài)時(shí),機(jī)體CRP升高,但不超過10~15mg/L,這是判斷微炎癥狀態(tài)的標(biāo)志。本研究通過檢測腹膜透析患者腹膜透析1、6個(gè)月時(shí)血清、透出液中IL-6、CRP水平,并結(jié)合腹膜功能指標(biāo),探討兩種因子水平與腹膜透析患者腹膜溶質(zhì)轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)率之間的關(guān)系,以進(jìn)一步研究微炎癥與高通透性間的關(guān)系,現(xiàn)報(bào)道如下。
1.1 對象 收集2008-01—08我院腹膜透析中心規(guī)律隨訪的腹膜透析患者共44例,其中男16例,女28例,年齡30~82歲。原發(fā)病:慢性腎小球腎炎31例,糖尿病腎病3例,未知病因2例,痛風(fēng)性腎病3例,高血壓腎硬化4例,梗阻性腎病1例。排除近3個(gè)月內(nèi)曾發(fā)生感染,如肺部感染、腹膜炎、出口感染、隧道感染等;結(jié)締組織疾??;各種良、惡性腫瘤;過去1年內(nèi)曾使用激素或免疫抑制劑;入選前3個(gè)月內(nèi)發(fā)生急性心血管事件,包括急性心肌梗死、一過性腦缺血發(fā)作、腦梗死、腦出血、蛛網(wǎng)膜下腔出血、外周動(dòng)脈栓塞等。參加本研究前一天未使用2.5%葡萄糖透析液留腹過夜。將患者根據(jù)腹膜透析1個(gè)月時(shí)的D/Pcr值分為兩組,L/A組(D/Pcr≤0.64)共22例,其中男9例,女13例,年齡30~83歲,平均(53.8± 14.3)歲;H/A組(D/Pcr≥0.65)共22例,其中男7例,女15例,年齡31~82歲,平均(56.8±13.3)歲。
1.2 方法 收集患者一般情況,包括年齡、性別、原發(fā)病、尿素清除指數(shù)(KT/V)、24h超濾量(UF)、夜間超濾量、殘余腎功能、血清白蛋白、血常規(guī)、鈣、磷、甲狀旁腺素等。在腹膜透析后1、6個(gè)月時(shí)分別行標(biāo)準(zhǔn)PET試驗(yàn),并于試驗(yàn)前一天使用2.5%葡萄糖透析液留腹過夜,次日早晨引流過夜透析液并進(jìn)行PET。在此過程中采集患者夜間透出液10ml,并立刻與-80℃凍存;采集患者血標(biāo)本,檢測CRP、IL-6水平。血常規(guī)、生化指標(biāo)采用Bayer ADVIA 1650自動(dòng)生化儀檢測。
1.3 PET操作步驟 (1)行PET前一晚,放出腹膜透析液,然后注入2.5%葡萄糖透出液,留腹8~12h;(2)患者取坐位,放出隔夜留腹的透析液,放出時(shí)間不超過25min;(3)患者取平臥位,10min內(nèi)放入腹腔2L透析液,每放入400ml時(shí)身體向兩側(cè)轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng);(4)設(shè)腹膜透析液注入腹腔后的時(shí)間定為0,停留2h后從腹腔中放出200ml透析液,取其中10ml,將余下的190ml放回腹腔,并抽血;(5)腹膜透析液在腹腔內(nèi)停留4h,患者可取坐位或站位,并可自由走動(dòng);(6)停留4h后,患者取坐位,將全部腹膜透析液放出,放液時(shí)間不超過20min,并記錄總引流量;(7)將上述血標(biāo)本和透出液送檢,測定尿素氮、肌酐和葡萄糖濃度,計(jì)算葡萄糖的Dt/D0、肌酐和尿素氮的D/ P。PET一般測定0、2、4h透析液的肌酐、尿素氮和葡萄糖,測定2h血清中肌酐、尿素氮和葡萄糖濃度。
1.4 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理 采用SPSS 16.0統(tǒng)計(jì)軟件。正態(tài)分布計(jì)量資料采用表示,組間比較采用配對t檢驗(yàn);非正態(tài)分布的計(jì)量資料以中位數(shù)(四分位間距)表示,組間比較采用秩和檢驗(yàn)。腹膜透析1、6個(gè)月血清CRP、IL-6水平間的關(guān)系采用Spearman單因素相關(guān)分析;影響腹膜功能的獨(dú)立危險(xiǎn)因素采用逐步多元回歸法。
2.1 兩組患者一般情況的比較 與L/A組相比,H/A組患者夜間超濾量水平明顯偏低(P=0.009),24h超濾量水平明顯偏低(P=0.032)。H/A組患者的血清白蛋白水平明顯偏低(P=0.038)。兩組患者在KT/V、腎小球?yàn)V過率(eGFR)、血紅蛋白(Hb)、鈣、磷、甲狀旁腺素、血糖的差異均無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(均P>0.05),詳見表1。
表1 兩組患者一般情況的比較
2.2 兩組患者腹膜功能的變化 L/A組患者腹膜透析1個(gè)月D/Pcr為0.51±0.12,6個(gè)月D/Pcr為0.48±0.14,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P=0.683);H/A組患者腹膜透析1個(gè)月D/Pcr為0.88±0.16,6個(gè)月D/Pcr為0.89±0.21,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P=0.732)。
2.3 兩組患者血清、透出液中CRP水平的比較 L/A組腹膜透析6個(gè)月后血清CRP水平(8.88±5.56)ng/ml,明顯高于1個(gè)月(4.32±3.13)ng/ml,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P=0.03);H/A組腹膜透析6個(gè)月后血清CRP水平(10.82±2.26)ng/ml,明顯高于1個(gè)月時(shí)(8.16±3.82)ng/ ml,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P=0.04);與L/A組相比,H/A組腹膜透析1、6個(gè)月血清CRP水平明顯升高(P=0.01、0.02)。L/A組腹膜透析后1個(gè)月透出液中CRP水平為(4.14±3.98)ng/ml,與6個(gè)月[(3.92±4.16)ng/ml]的差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P=0.34);H/A組腹膜透析后1個(gè)月透出液中CRP水平為(8.38±2.18)ng/ml,與6個(gè)月[(6.25±5.32)ng/ml]差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P=0.09);H/A組腹膜透析6個(gè)月時(shí)透出液CRP水平高于L/A組(P=0.03),但腹膜透析1個(gè)月時(shí)兩組間的差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P=0.26),詳見圖1-2。
圖1 兩組患者腹膜透析1個(gè)月、6個(gè)月時(shí)血清CRP的比較
圖2 兩組患者腹膜透析1個(gè)月、6個(gè)月時(shí)透出液中CRP的比較
2.4 兩組患者血清、透出液中IL-6水平的比較 L/A組腹膜透析6個(gè)月血清IL-6水平為(4.93±5.75)pg/ml,明顯高于1個(gè)月(3.99±3.64)pg/ml,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P=0.04);H/A組腹膜透析6個(gè)月血清IL-6水平為(9.92±3.85)pg/ml,明顯高于1個(gè)月(8.03±3.95)pg/ml,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P=0.04);H/A組腹膜透析1、6個(gè)月血清IL-6水平均高于L/A組(P=0.03、0.045)。L/A組6個(gè)月透出液IL-6水平為(32.93±17.38)pg/ml,明顯高于1個(gè)月(27.81±12.09)pg/ml,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P=0.04)。H/A組腹膜透析6個(gè)月透出液IL-6水平為(42.39± 15.38)pg/ml,與1個(gè)月[(38.91±19.23)pg/ml]差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P=0.83),H/A組腹膜透析1個(gè)月時(shí)透出液IL-6水平明顯高于L/A組(P=0.02),腹膜透析6個(gè)月時(shí)略高于L/A組,但差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P=0.09),詳見圖3-4。
圖3 兩組患者腹膜透析1個(gè)月、6個(gè)月時(shí)血清IL-6水平的比較
圖4 兩組患者腹膜透析1、6個(gè)月時(shí)透出液IL-6水平的比較
2.5 炎癥因子相關(guān)關(guān)系分析 Spearman相關(guān)分析結(jié)果顯示,腹膜透析1、6個(gè)月血清CRP、IL-6水平間均呈正相關(guān)(r=0.5029、0.5284,P=0.04、0.03),詳見圖5。
圖5 血清CRP表達(dá)水平與血清IL-6的關(guān)系
2.6 腹膜透析患者腹膜轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)功能與各因素之間危險(xiǎn)度回歸分析 結(jié)果顯示,患者腹膜轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)功能和血清CRP和IL-6相關(guān),而且血清IL-6、CRP可能是影響腹膜轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)功能的危險(xiǎn)因素,血清CRP的P值0.04,風(fēng)險(xiǎn)率1.383;血清IL-6的P值0.03,風(fēng)險(xiǎn)率1.022。
多種因素可以影響腹膜的轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)功能如尿毒癥本身、伴發(fā)疾病、低蛋白血癥、PD暴露于高葡萄糖的持續(xù)時(shí)間和數(shù)量、嚴(yán)重的腹膜炎,殘余腎功能和透析液生物不相容[7],甚至種族。本研究結(jié)果中H/A組與L/A組患者間鈣磷代謝、透析充分性、殘余腎功能方面并無明顯差異。與L/A組相比,H/A組患者的血清白蛋白水平明顯偏低,這與文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道一致[8-9]。低白蛋白血癥與腹膜透析患者的發(fā)病率和病死率相關(guān),而且血清白蛋白水平是腹膜透析患者死亡的可靠預(yù)測因子。本研究結(jié)果再次證實(shí)了腹膜溶質(zhì)高轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)狀態(tài)可加重腹膜透析患者的營養(yǎng)不良。本研究結(jié)果顯示,腹膜透析6個(gè)月后,腹膜功能的差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。這一結(jié)果是否與本研究觀察時(shí)間相關(guān),若進(jìn)一步延長腹膜透析時(shí)間,腹膜透析功能是否會(huì)發(fā)生改變待進(jìn)一步研究。兩組患者血清CRP水平在腹膜透析1個(gè)月及6個(gè)月時(shí)差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義,透出液中CRP水平在透析1個(gè)月時(shí)差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義,但6個(gè)月時(shí)兩組間差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué),說明腹膜功能與CRP水平相關(guān),且隨著透析時(shí)間延長,高轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)組患者無論是腹腔和全身的微炎癥狀態(tài)高于低轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)組。
本研究中,H/A組透析1個(gè)月時(shí)血清、透出液IL-6水平均高于L/A組,提示基礎(chǔ)腹膜功能與全身和腹腔的IL-6相關(guān),同時(shí)研究也顯示腹腔的IL-6水平明顯高于血漿的IL-6水平,進(jìn)一步證實(shí)腹腔局部產(chǎn)生IL-6[10]。Spearman相關(guān)分析顯示,血清中CRP與IL-6成正相關(guān),逐步多元回歸法分析顯示,患者腹膜轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)功能和血清CRP、IL-6相關(guān),并且血清IL-6、CRP水平可能是影響腹膜轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)功能的危險(xiǎn)因素。
總之,腹膜透析患者腹膜高轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)與系統(tǒng)和腹腔局部炎癥的標(biāo)志物CRP和IL-6相關(guān),因此進(jìn)一步研究減少系統(tǒng)和腹腔的炎癥是否有可能提高腹膜透析患者生存或技術(shù)生存率很有必要。
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Correlation of micro-inflammatory status with peritoneal function in peritoneal dialysis patients
Objective To investigate the relationship between micro-inflammatory status and peritoneal transport function.MethodsForty four patients without apparent inflammation undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis(CAPD) in Dialysis Center of our hospital were enrolled in the study.Peritoneal equilibration test(PET)was performed in patients after one month of dialysis,according to D/Pcr value,the patients were divided into L/A group (D/Pcr≤ 0.64,n=22)and H/A groups (D/Pcr≥0.65,n=22).PET was performed again after 6 months of dialysis,the serum and dialysate levels of CRP,IL-6 were measured.The correlation of the serum and dialysate levels of CRP,IL-6 with peritoneal transport function was analyzed.ResultsThere was no significant difference in age,residual renal function,the fasting blood glucose and total Kt/V between two groups.The serum albumin level,peritoneal dialysis ultrafiltration volume at night in H/A group was significantly lower than those in L/A group.Serum CRP level in both H/A and L/A groups were higher at 6 months than that at 1 month;however,the level in H/A group was higher than that in L/A group both at 6 months and 1 month of dialysis.Dialysate CRP level in H/A group was higher than that in L/A group at 6 months of dialysis.Serum IL-6 levels in both H/A and L/A groups were higher at 6 months than those at 1 month;however,the level in H/A group was higher than that in L/A group both at 6 months and 1 month of dialysis.The IL-6 level in dialysate of H/A group was higher than that of L/A group at 1 month of dialysis;the level of L/A group at 6 months was higher than that at 1 month.Serum CRP level was positively correlated with IL-6 level.Wald regression analysis showed that peritoneal transport function in patients was correlated with serum levels of CRP and IL-6.ConclusionPeritoneal transport function is correlated with circulating markers CRP and IL-6,micro-inflammation may be a risk factor of decreased peritoneal transport function in patients undergoing CAPD.
Peritoneal dialysis Peritoneal transport function IL-6 CRP
2013-04-07)
(本文編輯:田云鵬)
浙江省醫(yī)藥衛(wèi)生平臺(tái)骨干人才計(jì)(2012RCA019)
310003 杭州,浙江大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)院附屬第一醫(yī)院腎臟病中心(屠秋娣、張曉輝、壽張飛、陳江華,屠秋娣系在職研究生,目前工作于浙江省人民醫(yī)院)
陳江華,E-mail:chenjianghua@zju.edu.cn