王翠瑤,王忠利
遼寧醫(yī)學(xué)院,遼寧錦州 121001 1生物化學(xué)與分子生物學(xué)教研室;2附屬一院普外科
沉默信息調(diào)節(jié)因子1小干擾RNA抑制前列腺癌細(xì)胞DU145的遷移
王翠瑤1,王忠利2
遼寧醫(yī)學(xué)院,遼寧錦州 1210011生物化學(xué)與分子生物學(xué)教研室;2附屬一院普外科
目的觀察沉默信息調(diào)節(jié)因子1(silent information regulator 1,SIRT1)小干擾RNA(siRNA)對前列腺癌DU145細(xì)胞遷移和基質(zhì)金屬蛋白酶中MMP2和MMP9表達(dá)變化的影響。方法體外培養(yǎng)DU145細(xì)胞,實驗分Scramble siRNA組和SIRT1 siRNA組;利用脂質(zhì)體介導(dǎo)轉(zhuǎn)染技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)染前列腺癌DU145細(xì)胞,Western blot方法檢測DU145細(xì)胞中SIRT1的干涉效能;劃痕實驗、平板克隆實驗和Transwell遷移實驗研究SIRT1對其體外遷移運動能力的影響;Western blot方法檢測DU145細(xì)胞中MMP2和MMP9的蛋白表達(dá)。結(jié)果與Scramble siRNA組比較,SIRT1 siRNA組SIRT1的蛋白表達(dá)水平降低,明顯抑制DU145細(xì)胞的遷移,降低MMP2和MMP9蛋白。結(jié)論下調(diào)SIRT1的表達(dá)可以抑制前列腺癌細(xì)胞DU145的遷移,其機制可能與改變基質(zhì)金屬蛋白酶中MMP2和MMP9的表達(dá)相關(guān)。
沉默信息調(diào)節(jié)因子1;siRNA;前列腺癌;DU145
2 細(xì)胞培養(yǎng) 人前列腺癌細(xì)胞DU145購自上海生命科學(xué)院細(xì)胞和生物化學(xué)研究所,生長于含10%已滅活胎牛血清的DMEM培養(yǎng)基中(含100 U/ml青霉素和50 U/ml鏈霉素),37℃、5% CO2飽和濕度的溫箱中培養(yǎng),每兩天換液1次,0.25%胰蛋白酶消化傳代。
3 SIRT1小干擾RNA(small interfering RNA,siRNA)的合成和轉(zhuǎn)染 針對人SIRT1(GenBank No.NM_012 238)的RNAi靶點序列:正義鏈5'-GAAGUUGACCU CCUCAUUGUdTdT-3',反義鏈5'-ACAAUGAGGAG GUCAACUUCdTdT-3',由上海吉瑪公司純化合成[6]。DU145細(xì)胞接種于6孔細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)板中,細(xì)胞轉(zhuǎn)染按照Invitrogen公司的Lipofectamine 2000轉(zhuǎn)染試劑說明書進行。實驗分Scramble siRNA組和SIRT1 siRNA組。20 μmol/L Scramble siRNA或 SIRT1 siRNA轉(zhuǎn)染細(xì)胞48 h后收集細(xì)胞進行后續(xù)實驗。
4 劃痕試驗 將生長至融合度達(dá)90%的DU145細(xì)胞,用黃色槍頭進行劃痕;PBS清洗3次;利用倒置顯微鏡標(biāo)尺,測量劃痕寬度,攝像紀(jì)錄;細(xì)胞轉(zhuǎn)染后不同時間點監(jiān)測劃痕寬度變化,并照相。
5 平板克隆形成實驗 取對數(shù)生長期的細(xì)胞,用0.25%胰蛋白酶消化并吹打成單個細(xì)胞,將細(xì)胞懸液作梯度倍數(shù)稀釋,以適當(dāng)?shù)募?xì)胞密度接種于培養(yǎng)皿中。靜置培養(yǎng)10 d左右,培養(yǎng)皿中出現(xiàn)肉眼可見的克隆時,終止培養(yǎng)。棄去上清液,用PBS小心浸洗2次。加純甲醇或1∶3醋酸/甲醇5 ml,固定15 min。然后去固定液,加適量Giemsa應(yīng)用染色液染10 ~ 30 min,然后緩慢洗去染色液,空氣干燥。將平皿倒置并疊加一張帶網(wǎng)格的透明膠片,用肉眼直接計數(shù)克隆,或在顯微鏡(低倍鏡)計數(shù)>10個細(xì)胞的克隆數(shù)。最后計算克隆形成率。
6 Transwell實驗 對數(shù)生長期細(xì)胞撤血清饑餓12 ~24 h,細(xì)胞轉(zhuǎn)染后調(diào)整細(xì)胞濃度,收集消化后細(xì)胞,用無菌PBS洗2遍,無血清培養(yǎng)基懸浮后調(diào)整細(xì)胞密度至6×105/ml。取細(xì)胞懸液100 μl加入Transwell小室(24孔板),下室一般加入500 μl含胎牛血清的DMEM培養(yǎng)基培養(yǎng)細(xì)胞,常規(guī)培養(yǎng)24 h后用0.1%結(jié)晶紫染色,PBS洗去浮色,攝像記錄。33%醋酸脫色,將結(jié)晶紫完全洗脫,在酶標(biāo)儀上用波長595 nm測其OD值。
7 Western blot方法檢測SIRT1、MMP2和MMP9的蛋白表達(dá) 蛋白裂解液提取收集細(xì)胞的總蛋白,BCA法測定蛋白濃度,加入5×SDS樣品緩沖液煮沸5 min,離心后上樣,10% SDS-PAGE電泳分離,然后將蛋白轉(zhuǎn)至硝酸纖維素膜上,用含5%脫脂奶粉的TBS(pH 7.4)封閉濾膜,再分別與SIRT1、MMP2和MMP9抗體(稀釋比為1∶1 000)及β-actin抗體(稀釋比為1∶1 000) 4℃溫育過夜。TTBS洗膜3次,HRP偶聯(lián)的IgG作為二抗(稀釋比為1∶5 000)室溫溫育2 h,重復(fù)洗膜3次,ECL發(fā)光法顯色。
8 統(tǒng)計學(xué)分析 應(yīng)用Graphpad prism 5統(tǒng)計軟件進行數(shù)據(jù)統(tǒng)計與分析,各組數(shù)據(jù)以±s表示,多樣本均數(shù)檢驗采用方差分析。P<0.01為差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義。
1 轉(zhuǎn)染SIRT1 siRNA能夠干涉SIRT1基因在DU145細(xì)胞中的表達(dá) 轉(zhuǎn)染SIRT1 siRNA或Scramble siRNA入DU145細(xì)胞后,與Scramble siRNA組比較,SIRT1 siRNA明顯抑制內(nèi)源性SIRT1的蛋白表達(dá)。見圖1。
圖 1 Western blot檢測DU145細(xì)胞轉(zhuǎn)染SIRT1 siRNA后SIRT1蛋白表達(dá)水平Fig.1 Expression levels of SIRT1 protein in DU145 cells transfected with SIRT1 siRNA Lane 1: Mock group; Lane 2: scramble siRNA group; Lane 3: SIRT1 siRNA group
2 干涉SIRT1基因表達(dá)能夠抑制DU145細(xì)胞遷移轉(zhuǎn)染48 h后,轉(zhuǎn)染SIRT1 siRNA組細(xì)胞遷移的數(shù)量較Scramble siRNA組小,距離相對較遠(yuǎn)。兩組細(xì)胞48 h愈合率分別為14.80%±1.9%和98.50%± 3.8%,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.01,圖2)。說明轉(zhuǎn)染SIRT1 siRNA能夠顯著抑制DU145細(xì)胞遷移。
3 干涉SIRT1基因表達(dá)能夠抑制DU145細(xì)胞克隆形成 克隆平板實驗顯示,與轉(zhuǎn)染Scramble siRNA組相比,SIRT1 siRNA細(xì)胞轉(zhuǎn)染組克隆形成數(shù)目減少,兩組細(xì)胞克隆形成數(shù)分別為234%±4.9%和88%±3.8%,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.01)。見圖3。
4 干涉SIRT1基因表達(dá)能夠抑制DU145細(xì)胞侵襲
圖 2 劃痕實驗檢測轉(zhuǎn)染SIRT1 siRNA后DU145細(xì)胞的遷移情況Fig.2 Effect of SIRT1 siRNA on DU145 cell migration determined by wound healing assays
圖 3 平板克隆實驗檢測轉(zhuǎn)染SIRT1 siRNA DU145細(xì)胞的遷移情況Fig.3 Effect of SIRT1 siRNA on DU145 cell migration determined by colony formation assays A: scramble siRNA group; B: SIRT1 siRNA group
圖 4 Transwell實驗檢測轉(zhuǎn)染SIRT1 siRNA DU145細(xì)胞的遷移情況Fig.4 Effect of SIRT1 siRNA on DU145 cell migration determined by transwell assays A: scramble siRNA group; B: SIRT1 siRNA group
Transwell實驗顯示,SIRT1 siRNA轉(zhuǎn)染組細(xì)胞較Scramble siRNA轉(zhuǎn)染組細(xì)胞的轉(zhuǎn)移能力明顯下降,這兩組細(xì)胞48 h穿過微孔膜的細(xì)胞數(shù)分別為55.62±7.57、231.67±15.08,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.01)。見圖4。
5 干涉SIRT1的表達(dá)能夠抑制DU145細(xì)胞中MMP2和MMP9基因的表達(dá) Western blot檢測轉(zhuǎn)染SIRT1 siRNA對DU145細(xì)胞中細(xì)胞轉(zhuǎn)移相關(guān)蛋白MMP2和MMP9表達(dá)的影響。結(jié)果顯示,與Scramble siRNA組相比,SIRT1 siRNA組MMP2和MMP9蛋白的表達(dá)明顯降低。見圖5。
圖 5 Western blot檢測DU145細(xì)胞轉(zhuǎn)染SIRT1 siRNA后MMP2和 MMP9蛋白表達(dá)Fig.5 MMP2 and MMP9 protein expression levels in DU145 cells transfected with SIRT1 siRNA detected by Western blot 1: scramble siRNA group; 2: SIRT1 siRNA group
研究已經(jīng)表明,許多基因可以使腫瘤細(xì)胞的運動遷移能力發(fā)生改變,如MYC、RACK1等說明腫瘤細(xì)胞的運動遷移能力是影響腫瘤轉(zhuǎn)移的重要因素[10-12]。為了研究SIRT1在前列腺癌中的作用,我們使用RNA干涉的方法下調(diào)SIRT1的表達(dá),觀察SIRT1對前列腺癌細(xì)胞DU145細(xì)胞遷移的影響。
劃痕實驗結(jié)果表明,SIRT1 siRNA組發(fā)生細(xì)胞運動愈合劃痕的比例明顯低于對照組,平板克隆形成實驗也證實,特異性抑制SIRT1表達(dá)能夠顯著阻礙DU145遷移。Transwell遷移試驗通過其小室內(nèi)的微孔膜,檢測細(xì)胞變形后運動遷移的能力,是腫瘤細(xì)胞轉(zhuǎn)移能力的重要檢測手段。我們通過Transwell遷移試驗驗證了SIRT1 siRNA組細(xì)胞穿過微孔膜發(fā)生遷移的細(xì)胞數(shù)量明顯少于對照組,同劃痕愈合實驗結(jié)果相一致。通過腫瘤細(xì)胞細(xì)胞外基質(zhì)遷移和入侵是腫瘤轉(zhuǎn)移發(fā)生的關(guān)鍵一步,各種癌癥已觀察到其細(xì)胞外基質(zhì)成分的改變[13-15]。一些分子如基質(zhì)金屬蛋白酶中的MMP2和MMP9可以降解細(xì)胞外基質(zhì)的能力,促使上皮組織基底膜的破壞,使腫瘤細(xì)胞透過破損的基底膜發(fā)生轉(zhuǎn)移,參與調(diào)節(jié)腫瘤的侵襲過程[16-18]。基質(zhì)金屬蛋白酶參與細(xì)胞表面受體的裂解和細(xì)胞凋亡配體的釋放(如FAS配體),進而調(diào)節(jié)腫瘤細(xì)胞的浸潤和轉(zhuǎn)移[13]。我們對兩組細(xì)胞中MMP2和MMP9蛋白表達(dá)的檢測發(fā)現(xiàn),SIRT1 siRNA組細(xì)胞中MMP2和MMP9蛋白表達(dá)較Scramble siRNA組顯著下調(diào)。這提示SIRT1可能通過調(diào)節(jié)MMP2和MMP9蛋白的表達(dá)水平,影響前列腺癌DU145細(xì)胞的侵襲能力。
總之,本實驗表明特異性干涉SIRT1的表達(dá)能夠抑制前列腺癌細(xì)胞DU145的細(xì)胞遷移,可能與下調(diào)DU145細(xì)胞中MMP-2和MMP-9的蛋白表達(dá)有關(guān),其具體機制還需進一步研究。我們后續(xù)的工作還會對SIRT1引起腫瘤侵襲、轉(zhuǎn)移的分子機制進行深入的研究,為SIRT1可能作為人類前列腺癌一個潛在的治療靶點提供實驗依據(jù)。
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Effects of small interfering RNA of SIRT1 on cell migration in prostate cancer DU145 cells
WANG Cui-yao1, WANG Zhong-li2
1Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology;2Department of Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, Liaoning Province, China
WANG Zhong-li. Email: wzlaily@126.com
ObjectiveTo observe the effects of double-stranded small interfering RNA (siRNA) of silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1) on the cell migration and the expression levels of MMP2 and MMP9 of matrix metalloproteinases in prostate cancer DU145 cells.MethodsDU145 cells were cultured in vitro and divided into scramble siRNA group and SIRT1 siRNA group randomly. The eff i ciency of SIRT1 siRNA was examined by Western blot, and the cell migration of DU145 cells was assayed by wound healing, colony formation and transwell migration experiment. The protein expression of MMP2 and MMP9 were determined by Western blot.ResultsCompared with scramble siRNA group, the protein expression of SIRT1 in SIRT1 siRNA group decreased, and the colony formation and cell migration of DU145 cells were restrained significantly and the expression of MMP2 and MMP9 also decreased.ConclusionThe cell migration of DU145 cells can be inhibited by down-regulating the expression of SIRT1, and its mechanism may relate to the changes of the expression of MMP2 and MMP9 in matrix metalloproteinases.
silent information regulator 1; siRNA; prostate cancer; DU145
R 581.3
A
2095-5227(2014)12-1253-04
10.3969/j.issn.2095-5227.2014.12.021
時間:2014-08-12 08:45
http://www.cnki.net/kcms/detail/11.3275.R.20140812.0845.002.html
前列腺在體內(nèi)位置較表淺,基因治療藥物可通過安全的腔內(nèi)方式直接注射到病灶,加強治療效果,因此,人們開始嘗試一些包括基因治療在內(nèi)的新方法治療前列腺癌[1-3]。惡性細(xì)胞的特性是由許多調(diào)節(jié)重要的細(xì)胞功能包括細(xì)胞增殖、遷移運動和侵襲轉(zhuǎn)移等信號通路來決定的,細(xì)胞的增殖和遷移運動是侵襲和轉(zhuǎn)移的重要步驟[4-5]。沉默信息調(diào)節(jié)因子1(silent mating type information regulator 1,SIRT1)隸屬于Sirtuin家族,是Ⅲ類去乙?;钢械闹匾粏T,通過去乙?;姸嘟M蛋白和非組蛋白,參與調(diào)控體內(nèi)眾多病理生理過程[6-7]。其大多數(shù)的功能是通過對基因表達(dá)過程中起關(guān)鍵作用的調(diào)節(jié)蛋白的特定去乙酰化而實現(xiàn)的,SIRT1的作用靶點包括轉(zhuǎn)錄因子以及代謝調(diào)節(jié)中的輔酶因子[7-8]。SIRT1通過和上皮-間質(zhì)轉(zhuǎn)換(epithelialto-mesenchymal transition,EMT)相關(guān)的轉(zhuǎn)錄因子作用誘導(dǎo)EMT,進而增加前列腺癌細(xì)胞的侵襲和轉(zhuǎn)移,但具體的機制還不是十分清楚[9]。本研究通過在前列腺癌DU145細(xì)胞株中特異性干涉SIRT1,探討下調(diào)SIRT1的表達(dá)對人前列腺癌DU145細(xì)胞株轉(zhuǎn)移的影響,為使SIRT1作為人類前列腺癌一個潛在的基因治療靶點提供實驗依據(jù)。
材料和方法
1 主要試劑與儀器 DMEM培養(yǎng)液(Corning公司);SIRT1 siRNA和Scrambled siRNA(上海吉瑪公司合成);Lipofectamine 2000(Invitrogen);SIRT1 (鼠單克隆抗體,Merck Millipore公司)、MMP2和MMP9(兔多克隆抗體,Cell Signaling Technology公司);HRP標(biāo)記的山羊抗兔,抗鼠IgG(北京中杉金橋生物技術(shù)有限公司);BCA蛋白濃度測定試劑盒(北京碧云天生物技術(shù)公司)。BB16UV CO2培養(yǎng)箱(Heraeus);凝膠自動成像儀GDS8000、水浴式電轉(zhuǎn)印槽、電泳儀(Bio-Rad,美國)。
2014-06-03
王翠瑤,女,學(xué)士,高級實驗師。研究方向:腫瘤分子生物學(xué)。Email: 1140379451@qq.com
王忠利,男,碩士,主治醫(yī)生。Email: wzlaily@126.com