渝新歐：為新絲路建設(shè)注入“原動(dòng)力”

□ 文/本刊記者 唐綱

渝新歐：為新絲路建設(shè)注入“原動(dòng)力”

□ 文/本刊記者 唐綱

有人說(shuō)新絲綢之路經(jīng)濟(jì)帶“大勢(shì)未成”。主要理由是“產(chǎn)業(yè)不對(duì)等”：中國(guó)尤其是中國(guó)西部對(duì)于中亞國(guó)家之間的產(chǎn)業(yè)互補(bǔ)并不對(duì)等，大家難以“互動(dòng)”起來(lái)?，F(xiàn)在，隨著渝新歐和渝新俄班列的常態(tài)化運(yùn)行，新絲路上的物流“血脈”流動(dòng)了起來(lái)。這不僅豐富了新絲綢之路經(jīng)濟(jì)帶的內(nèi)涵，而且為新絲綢之路經(jīng)濟(jì)帶建設(shè)注入了“原動(dòng)力”。

9月2日，隨著一聲汽笛長(zhǎng)鳴，由重慶開(kāi)往俄羅斯的固定公共班列（渝新俄班列）正式開(kāi)通。這是繼“渝新歐”國(guó)際鐵路聯(lián)運(yùn)大通道開(kāi)行以來(lái)，首次以班列的形式直達(dá)俄羅斯，開(kāi)創(chuàng)了中國(guó)內(nèi)陸以集裝箱班列模式發(fā)往俄羅斯的先例。此后，重慶到俄羅斯公共班列將每周二固定常態(tài)化開(kāi)行，并隨著貨流量增加，將適時(shí)增大固定公共班列的開(kāi)行頻次。

8月29日，“渝新歐”首趟原裝汽車(chē)整車(chē)進(jìn)口班列順利抵達(dá)重慶鐵路口岸——沙坪壩區(qū)團(tuán)結(jié)村。此次運(yùn)載進(jìn)口汽車(chē)的班列在沿途各個(gè)國(guó)家通關(guān)非常順利，只用了15天就從德國(guó)開(kāi)到了重慶。今年7月1日，國(guó)務(wù)院批準(zhǔn)在重慶鐵路口岸設(shè)立汽車(chē)整車(chē)進(jìn)口口岸。8月14日，“渝新歐”首趟試運(yùn)行整車(chē)回程班列從德國(guó)杜伊斯堡正式發(fā)出，共搭載20輛奔馳、20輛寶馬、40輛大眾，共計(jì)80輛進(jìn)口汽車(chē)，貨值約合人民幣1978萬(wàn)元。這是渝新歐開(kāi)行三年來(lái)人們最為關(guān)注的一次行程，因?yàn)檫@將徹底解決其回程貨源的問(wèn)題。

以往，從歐洲運(yùn)往重慶的貨物基本都是通過(guò)海運(yùn)或航空運(yùn)輸，路途遙遠(yuǎn)，耗時(shí)長(zhǎng)?，F(xiàn)在，有了渝新歐、“渝新俄”班列的開(kāi)行，對(duì)內(nèi)將吸引集聚西南、長(zhǎng)三角、珠三角、香港等地區(qū)的貨物，對(duì)將重慶打造為內(nèi)陸開(kāi)放高地，具有積極意義；對(duì)外將更加豐富渝新歐的內(nèi)涵，不斷為新絲綢之路經(jīng)濟(jì)帶建設(shè)注入原動(dòng)力，使中國(guó)長(zhǎng)江中上游地區(qū)和俄羅斯伏爾加河沿岸聯(lián)邦區(qū)緊密的聯(lián)系到一起，為中俄兩河流域的攜手合作奠定了堅(jiān)實(shí)基礎(chǔ)。

成為新絲綢之路經(jīng)濟(jì)帶的重要載體

新絲綢之路經(jīng)濟(jì)帶建設(shè)是中國(guó)的國(guó)家戰(zhàn)略。但要讓其繁榮起來(lái)，就必須加強(qiáng)“帶”上的經(jīng)貿(mào)往來(lái)，暢通物流。渝新歐、渝新俄正是新絲路上的有力支撐。

9月1日，重慶市委書(shū)記孫政才在調(diào)研重慶鐵路口岸建設(shè)和運(yùn)行情況時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)，要規(guī)劃好、建設(shè)好重慶鐵路口岸，推動(dòng)重慶深度融入絲綢之路經(jīng)濟(jì)帶戰(zhàn)略。

渝新俄（重慶至俄羅斯莫斯科）班線(xiàn)

當(dāng)日，市長(zhǎng)黃奇帆在歡迎歐洲品牌汽車(chē)中國(guó)總代及經(jīng)銷(xiāo)商們時(shí)說(shuō)，要充分利用“渝新歐”和整車(chē)進(jìn)口口岸的平臺(tái)功能，結(jié)合重慶正在大力推進(jìn)的跨境電子商務(wù)、保稅貿(mào)易商品展示交易等現(xiàn)代服務(wù)貿(mào)易，研究謀劃順應(yīng)發(fā)展形勢(shì)的營(yíng)銷(xiāo)戰(zhàn)略，將重慶打造成為歐洲進(jìn)口汽車(chē)的重要集散地。

據(jù)稱(chēng)，為更好地服務(wù)于新絲路經(jīng)濟(jì)帶的建設(shè)，渝新歐班列將逐步縮短全程運(yùn)行時(shí)間，降低費(fèi)用，并實(shí)現(xiàn)“1+N”的運(yùn)行分撥模式，更好地為經(jīng)濟(jì)帶上的眾多“節(jié)點(diǎn)”服務(wù)。

“渝新歐全程運(yùn)行時(shí)間現(xiàn)在實(shí)際上已由以前的16天開(kāi)始進(jìn)入14天狀態(tài)，三年后估計(jì)可縮短為12天?！?月1日，市長(zhǎng)黃奇帆在重慶市與歐洲品牌汽車(chē)中國(guó)總代及經(jīng)銷(xiāo)商座談會(huì)上說(shuō)，三年來(lái)渝新歐運(yùn)行十分穩(wěn)定，而且運(yùn)行時(shí)間和運(yùn)行價(jià)格不斷降低，“渝新歐正成為絲綢之路經(jīng)濟(jì)帶的重要載體”。

會(huì)上，寶馬（中國(guó)）汽車(chē)貿(mào)易有限公司、大眾汽車(chē)（中國(guó)）銷(xiāo)售有限公司、北京梅賽德斯-奔馳銷(xiāo)售服務(wù)有限公司、沃爾沃汽車(chē)銷(xiāo)售（上海）有限公司、中信信通物流公司、國(guó)機(jī)汽車(chē)股份公司、捷富凱國(guó)際物流（中國(guó)）公司、宜家（中國(guó)）投資公司、標(biāo)致雪鐵龍集團(tuán)亞洲運(yùn)營(yíng)部的有關(guān)負(fù)責(zé)人，圍繞如何利用“渝新歐”和整車(chē)進(jìn)口口岸、加強(qiáng)與重慶合作提出意見(jiàn)和建議。他們非常關(guān)注渝新歐班列的穩(wěn)定運(yùn)行、運(yùn)行價(jià)格以及關(guān)檢等。

對(duì)此，黃奇帆在座談會(huì)上詳細(xì)介紹了渝新歐國(guó)際鐵路的來(lái)龍去脈，介紹了渝新歐的關(guān)檢、運(yùn)行費(fèi)用、運(yùn)行時(shí)間等。黃奇帆說(shuō)，渝新歐班列雖然經(jīng)過(guò)了6個(gè)國(guó)家，但沿線(xiàn)各國(guó)海關(guān)“關(guān)檢互認(rèn)、信息共享、執(zhí)法互助”，就是全程“一卡通”，只要一處關(guān)檢全程都認(rèn)可，這樣非常方便。同時(shí)，全程開(kāi)通了定點(diǎn)、定線(xiàn)、定車(chē)次、定時(shí)、定價(jià)的“五定”班列。過(guò)去三年全程運(yùn)行時(shí)間基本都在16天,現(xiàn)在已開(kāi)始進(jìn)入到14天時(shí)間。“今后隨著蘭渝鐵路建成，哈沙克斯坦一條鐵路變直，以及鐵路提速和線(xiàn)路優(yōu)化等,時(shí)間還將進(jìn)一步縮短，估計(jì)三年后就將縮短為12天?！?/p>

同時(shí)，2011年每個(gè)集裝箱1公里的價(jià)格為1美元，2012年為0.8美元，去年是0.7美元，現(xiàn)在大概去程0.6美元，回程0.55美元?！敖窈筮€有降低的空間，或許能達(dá)到0.5美元?！秉S奇帆說(shuō)。

實(shí)現(xiàn)“1+N”的運(yùn)行分撥模式

為加強(qiáng)與沿線(xiàn)國(guó)家鐵路及相關(guān)部門(mén)的合作，目前渝新歐已實(shí)現(xiàn)“1+N”的運(yùn)行分撥模式——“1”即以重慶到德國(guó)杜伊斯堡為主線(xiàn)，“N”則可根據(jù)客戶(hù)需要選擇沿線(xiàn)國(guó)家作為集結(jié)點(diǎn)和分撥點(diǎn)。

“渝新歐”目前已開(kāi)通的集結(jié)點(diǎn)和分撥點(diǎn)有：德國(guó)杜伊斯堡、法蘭克福、科隆，比利時(shí)安特衛(wèi)普，俄羅斯莫斯科、切爾克斯克，波蘭馬拉舍維奇，白俄羅斯布列斯特，哈薩克斯坦的阿拉木圖和庫(kù)斯塔奈，以及荷蘭鹿特丹、波蘭庫(kù)特娜、俄羅斯的雅羅斯拉夫爾、捷克的帕爾杜比采等。下一步還擬開(kāi)通法國(guó)的巴黎、德國(guó)的斯圖加特、慕尼黑，意大利的米蘭等作為“渝新歐”的集結(jié)點(diǎn)和分撥點(diǎn)。

根據(jù)市政府的總體部署，市政府物流辦已于今年5月23日、26日和27日，分別在德國(guó)、比利時(shí)和荷蘭成立了市政府物流辦歐洲聯(lián)絡(luò)處和辦事處，下一步將按照政府引導(dǎo)、市場(chǎng)運(yùn)作的原則，充分調(diào)動(dòng)和發(fā)揮國(guó)際貨代集貨作用，重點(diǎn)圍繞“附加值高”、“運(yùn)輸時(shí)效強(qiáng)”兩個(gè)關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)，重點(diǎn)組織歐洲的高檔日用品、整車(chē)及零配件、高檔建材、高端裝備等貨源，為“渝新歐”回程班列的常態(tài)開(kāi)行奠定基礎(chǔ)。

重慶迎來(lái)大開(kāi)放好時(shí)機(jī)

重慶作為內(nèi)陸唯一的直轄市、國(guó)家中心城市之一，近年來(lái)按照中央要求大力推進(jìn)內(nèi)陸開(kāi)放高地建設(shè)，目前形成了具有標(biāo)志性意義的”三個(gè)三合一”的開(kāi)放特征，即：果園港、團(tuán)結(jié)村鐵路中心站、江北國(guó)際機(jī)場(chǎng)三個(gè)國(guó)家級(jí)交通樞紐，同時(shí)它們也都是國(guó)家一類(lèi)口岸，旁邊還配套建成了三個(gè)保稅區(qū)。受益于此，近年來(lái)重慶的開(kāi)放度大幅提升，進(jìn)出口貿(mào)易額5年增長(zhǎng)10倍，今年預(yù)計(jì)接近1000億美元，利用外資連續(xù)3年保持在100億美元以上。

黃奇帆說(shuō)，中國(guó)開(kāi)放目前最大的瓶頸在內(nèi)陸，而未來(lái)最大的潛力也在內(nèi)陸。在我國(guó)擴(kuò)大內(nèi)陸開(kāi)放的進(jìn)程中，重慶作為長(zhǎng)江經(jīng)濟(jì)帶和絲綢之路經(jīng)濟(jì)帶的戰(zhàn)略交匯點(diǎn)，不斷推進(jìn)內(nèi)陸開(kāi)放高地建設(shè)，必將有力推進(jìn)整個(gè)西部大開(kāi)發(fā)。

今年7月，重慶成功獲批設(shè)立整車(chē)進(jìn)口口岸，這是繼重慶鐵路口岸成為一類(lèi)口岸后，國(guó)務(wù)院批準(zhǔn)重慶設(shè)立的又一重大開(kāi)放功能平臺(tái)，這使得團(tuán)結(jié)村鐵路中心站成為功能完備的樞紐站，既是交通樞紐，又是一類(lèi)口岸和汽車(chē)整車(chē)進(jìn)口口岸。以團(tuán)結(jié)村鐵路中心站為起點(diǎn)的渝新歐班列，必將更好地發(fā)揮連接中歐、輻射內(nèi)陸的口岸作用?！坝逍職W”作為內(nèi)陸對(duì)外開(kāi)放的大通道，必將產(chǎn)生巨大集聚輻射作用，有力推動(dòng)中歐貿(mào)易、內(nèi)陸開(kāi)放和“兩帶一路”戰(zhàn)略的實(shí)施。

據(jù)稱(chēng)，重慶正在結(jié)合大力推進(jìn)的跨境電子商務(wù)、保稅貿(mào)易商品展示交易等現(xiàn)代服務(wù)貿(mào)易，將重慶打造成為歐洲進(jìn)口汽車(chē)的重要集散地。

Some believed that the New Silk Road Economic Belt has not taken shape due to imbalanced industries: China (West China in particular) and Central Asian countries can hardly interact and achieve industrial complementarity. Now, as the Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe and Chongqing-Xinjiang-Russia trains are normalized, the blood now the New Silk Road starts circulating, which not only enriches the dimensions of the New Silk Road Economic Belt, but also injects the dynamism to its construction.

On September 2, with a long whistle, the regular public block train departed from Chongqing to Russia (Chongqing-Xinjiang-Russia Trains). Since the opening of the International Joint Railway Transportation Channel of Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe, the block train reaches Russia from China mainland for the first time. After that, the public block train from Chongqing to Russia will run regularly every Tuesday and perhaps more frequently in the future as the cargo volume adds up.

On August 29, the fi rst “Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe” original car import block train arrived at Chongqing Railway Port in Tuanjie Village, Shapingba District. This train had a very smooth journey of customs declaration in countries along the line and only took 15 days from Germany to Chongqing. On July 1, the State Council approved the establishment of car import port in Chongqing Railway Port. On August 14, the fi rst pilot “Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe “car backhaul block train departed from Duisburg, Germany, carrying 20 Mercedes Benz, 20 BMW and 40 Volkswagen cars, amounting to 80 cars and RMB 19.78 million. This is the most concerned trip after three years’operation of the train, as it can thoroughly solve the problem of backhaul cargo.

In the past, cargo from Europe to Chongqing was transported mostly by ocean or air with a long distance and duration. Now, with “Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe” and “Chongqing-Xinjiang-Russia”lines, domestically, cargo from Southwest China, Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta and Hong Kong will be attracted to Chongqing and help building the city as a high land of opening-up; externally, more dimensions will be enriched to the“Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe” train with more dynamism to the construction of New Silk Road Economic Belt, which also tightens the relationship with middle and upper regions of Yangtze River in China and the federal districts along Volga River in Russia as well as lays a solid foundation for partnerships between the two river reaches in China and Russia.

Becoming a Major Carrier of New Silk Road Economic Belt

Construction of New Silk Economic Belt is a national strategy of China. But flourished trade and logistics must be added on the “Belt” in order to bring prosperity. “Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe”and “Chongqing-Xinjiang-Russia”lines are powerful bolsters on this new blueprint.

On September 1, Sun Zhengcai, secretary of Chongqing Municipal Party Committee emphasized during a survey to Chongqing’s railway port construction and operation that the railway ports must be forti fi ed to integrate the city deeper in the New Silk Road Economic Belt.

During the same day, Mayor Huang Qifan welcomed the general agents and dealers of European car brands and said that the platform functions of “Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe” Railway and car import ports shall be fully utilized to plan marketing strategies adapting to the development trends and build Chongqing into a major distribution center for imported European cars in combination with intensified modern service trade of trans-boundary E-commerce and bonded commodity exhibition trade.

It is said that to better serve the New Silk Road Economic Belt, the “Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe” train will gradually have a shorter journey and a lower cost in a distribution fashion of “1+N”to address to multiple “nodes” on the Economic Belt.

“In fact, the whole journey of the train has been shorted from the previous 16 days to 14 days, after three years, it might be reduced to 12 days.” On September 1, Mayor Huang Qifan said during the meeting between European car brands and Chinese general agents and dealer that in three years, the train has beenrunning quite steadily, and the time and cost are constantly lowered. “Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe” train is becoming a major carrier of New Silk Road Economic Belt.

During the meeting, delegates from BMW (China) Car Trade Co., Ltd, Volkswagen (China) Sales Co., Ltd, Beijing Mercedes Benz Sales and Service Co, Ltd, Volvo Car Sales (Shanghai) Co., Ld, Citic Xintong Logistics Company, Sinomach Automobile Shareholding Company, Gefco International Logistics (China) Company, Ikea (China) Investment Company, Peugeot Citroen Group Asian Branch raised comments and suggestions on utilization of “Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe” train and car import ports as well as forti fi cation of partnership with Chongqing, showing much attention on the steady operation, the rate and customs inspection of the train.

Mayor Huang elaborated the history of the “Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe”Railway as well as its customs inspection, operational cost and time. He said that though passing six countries, the train experiences “mutual acknowledgement of customs inspection, sharing information and mutual law enforcement” in countries along the line. Such “one card pass” only requires one clearance for the whole journey, which is extremely convenient. Meanwhile, the block train of fi xed point, fi xed route, fi xed number, fi xed time and fixed price has been put through for the whole process. In the past three years, the running time was around 16 days, and now it has been shorten to 14 days. “In the future, with the completed Lanzhou-Chongqing Railway, a straightened Kazakhstan railway and more railway speed acceleration and route optimization, the time will be further shortened. After three years, it will only take 12 days.

Meanwhile, in 2011, the price for every container travelling one kilometer was USD 1, it was USD 0.8 in 2012 and USD 0.7 last year, now it costs USD 0.6 for going to Europe and USD 0.55 for coming back. “In the future there is further space for lowering, it may reach USD 0.5,“said Huang.

The “1+N” Distribution Mode Achieved

To strengthen cooperation with railway and other departments of countries along the line, now the“Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe” train has achieved the operation distribution mode of “1+N”. ”1” is the main line from Chongqing to Duisburg, while “N”means to choose countries along the line as marshalling and distribution points according to customer requirements.

Now the opened marshalling and distribution points are: Duisburg, Frankfurt, Cologne in Germany, Antwerp in Belgium, Moscow and Cherkessk in Russia, Malaszewicze in Poland, Brest in Belarus, Alma-Ata and Kostanay in Kazakhstan, Rotterdam in Netherlands, Kutno in Poland, Yaroslavl in Russia and Pardubitz in Czech. Next, Paris in France, Stuttgart and Munich in Germany and Milan in Italy will be entailed in this plan too.

According to overall deployment of the municipal government, the Municipal Logistics Of fi ce has set up an European Liaison Office and a branch office in Germany, Belgium and Netherland on May 23, May 26 and May 27 respectively. Next, according to government guidance and market operation principles, we will fully mobilize and play the rallying role of international freight forwarders, focus on key points of “high added-value” and“strong time ef fi cacy”, highlight the cargo sources of premium daily consumption goods, cars and parts, premium construction materials and high-end equipment in Europe and prepare for the regular running of backhaul block trains.

Chongqing Embraces a Golden Era of Great Opening-up

As the only municipality directly under Central Government in the hinterland and one of the hub cities in the country, Chongqing has followed the central requirement to build itself into a highland of opening-up and formed the landmark features of “Three 3-in-1s”, namely three national transportation hubs of Orchard Port, Tuanjie Village Railway Station and Jiangbei International Airport, which are also Class-I ports, as well as three bonded zones. As a result, Chongqing’s openness has been greatly ramped up: import and export volume increases by 10 times in five years and approximates USD 100 billion this year, and foreign capital actualization has remained over USD 10 billion for three years in a row.

Huang said that the largest bottleneck of China’s opening-up resides in the inland areas, so does the largest future potential. During the process of expanded inland opening-up, Chongqing, as the strategic juncture of Yangtze Economic Belt and New Silk Road Economic Belt, constantly pushes forward the construction of an inland highland of opening-up, which de fi nitely will boost the overall Western Development.

This July, Chongqing was approved to set up a car import port, which is another major functional platform of opening-up approved by State Council after Chongqing Railway Port became a Class-I port. The Tuanjie Village Railway Station, therefore, becomes a fully functional hub station and a Class-I port and car import port. The Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe train starting from the Tuanjie Village will better connect Central Asia and the inland areas. As a great channel of inland opening-up, the train will exert a huge radiating effect to drive China-Europe trade, inland opening-up and the strategy implementation of two Economic Belts and the New Silk Road.

It is claimed that Chongqing is combining modern service trade of transboundary E-commerce and bonded commodity exhibition and transaction to forge itself into a major distribution center of imported European cars.

Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe Railway: Injecting Dynamism to New Silk Road Construction

□ Written by reporter Tang Gang