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      3D OCT檢測(cè)黃斑區(qū)視網(wǎng)膜厚度在青光眼診斷中的價(jià)值

      2014-07-25 11:29:13龐燕華趙桂玲柯毅譚志朱敏怡李瑞莊
      眼科新進(jìn)展 2014年5期
      關(guān)鍵詞:外環(huán)視盤黃斑

      龐燕華 趙桂玲 柯毅 譚志 朱敏怡 李瑞莊

      3D OCT檢測(cè)黃斑區(qū)視網(wǎng)膜厚度在青光眼診斷中的價(jià)值

      龐燕華 趙桂玲 柯毅 譚志 朱敏怡 李瑞莊

      光學(xué)相干斷層掃描;黃斑;視網(wǎng)膜厚度;青光眼

      目的應(yīng)用3D光學(xué)相干斷層掃描(optical coherence tomography,OCT)檢測(cè)青光眼患者黃斑區(qū)視網(wǎng)膜厚度,并與正常人眼黃斑區(qū)視網(wǎng)膜厚度進(jìn)行比較,以探討其在青光眼診斷中的價(jià)值。方法選取2012年9月至2013年6月于我院就診的青光眼患者40例(46眼)為青光眼組,另選取于我院同期健康體檢的正常人50例(50眼)作為對(duì)照組,應(yīng)用Topcon 3D OCT進(jìn)行黃斑區(qū)視網(wǎng)膜厚度檢測(cè),觀察正常人和青光眼患者黃斑地形圖的圖像特征,并分析青光眼黃斑區(qū)視網(wǎng)膜平均厚度與視野平均缺損值的相關(guān)性。結(jié)果對(duì)照組及青光眼組黃斑視網(wǎng)膜厚度地形圖均表現(xiàn)為黃斑中心凹最薄,對(duì)照組黃斑區(qū)內(nèi)環(huán)視網(wǎng)膜較外環(huán)厚,青光眼組內(nèi)環(huán)及外環(huán)視網(wǎng)膜局限性或彌漫變薄。青光眼組與對(duì)照組黃斑中心凹1 mm內(nèi)及黃斑中心凹視網(wǎng)膜厚度比較,差異均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(t=1.39、1.64,P=0.17、0.10);青光眼組內(nèi)環(huán)、外環(huán)各象限視網(wǎng)膜厚度、黃斑區(qū)視網(wǎng)膜體積及視網(wǎng)膜厚度均較對(duì)照組變薄或變小,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(均為P<0.05)。青光眼患者黃斑區(qū)視網(wǎng)膜厚度與視野缺損值呈負(fù)相關(guān)(r=-0.612,P=0.01)。結(jié)論黃斑區(qū)視網(wǎng)膜OCT檢測(cè)將有可能是青光眼診斷、追蹤的重要手段之一。

      [眼科新進(jìn)展,2014,34(5):468-470]

      青光眼是一種臨床常見(jiàn)的眼科疾病,以視網(wǎng)膜神經(jīng)節(jié)細(xì)胞(retinal ganglion cells,RGC) 進(jìn)行性丟失、視網(wǎng)膜神經(jīng)纖維層(retinal nerve fiber layer,RNFL)變薄及視野缺失為其主要病理特征。臨床上常常檢測(cè)視盤參數(shù)及視盤旁RNFL厚度以評(píng)估青光眼病情的進(jìn)展,但即使在正常人群,視盤參數(shù)也存在相當(dāng)大的變異,而且視盤表面的大血管極易干擾RNFL厚度的檢測(cè),這些都為青光眼診斷和預(yù)后判斷增加了難度。相對(duì)視盤而言,黃斑區(qū)則是比較簡(jiǎn)單的解剖區(qū)域,且缺乏大血管。在正常個(gè)體,約50%的RGC位于以黃斑中心凹為中心的20°范圍內(nèi)[1]。Zeimer等[2]早在1998年提出利用后極部視網(wǎng)膜地形圖來(lái)檢測(cè)青光眼性眼底損傷,為早期診斷青光眼提供依據(jù)。近年來(lái),Nakatani 等[3]認(rèn)為在早期青光眼的診斷上,黃斑區(qū)的參數(shù)和RNFL厚度一樣具有很高的診斷價(jià)值。光學(xué)相干斷層掃描(optical coherence tomography,OCT)能快速、高分辨率地掃描視網(wǎng)膜內(nèi)超微結(jié)構(gòu),常用于測(cè)量視盤參數(shù)、視盤旁RNFL厚度及黃斑區(qū)厚度,在青光眼診斷和預(yù)后判斷中起到較為重要的作用[4-5]。本研究采用Topcon 3D OCT對(duì)40例(46眼)青光眼患者黃斑區(qū)視網(wǎng)膜進(jìn)行測(cè)量,觀察各參數(shù)與視野平均缺損(mean defect,MD)值的相關(guān)性,并與50例正常人進(jìn)行比較,以探討黃斑區(qū)各參數(shù)在青光眼診斷中的價(jià)值。

      1 資料與方法

      1.1一般資料選取2012年9月至2013年6月于我院就診的青光眼患者40例(46眼)為青光眼組,其中男20例(24眼),女20例(22眼),年齡(59.77±10.64)歲,原發(fā)性慢性閉角型青光眼35眼,原發(fā)性開(kāi)角型青光眼11眼。排除視神經(jīng)疾病、黃斑病變、視網(wǎng)膜血管性病變、內(nèi)眼手術(shù)等眼部其他疾患。另選取于我院同期健康體檢的正常人50例(50眼)作為對(duì)照組,其中男25例,女25例,年齡(55.64±6.87)歲。兩組性別比例及年齡差異均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(均為P>0.05),具有可比性。對(duì)照組納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):(1)視力或矯正視力≥1.0,屈光度≤±6.0 D;(2)眼壓≤21 mmHg(1 kPa=7.5 mmHg);(3)視盤C/D≤0.5,雙眼C/D差值<0.2;排除眼部及系統(tǒng)性疾病,同時(shí)排除青光眼家族史。所有研究對(duì)象均簽署知情同意書。

      1.2OCT檢查青光眼組及對(duì)照組均接受常規(guī)眼部檢查,包括視力、驗(yàn)光、裂隙燈、眼壓、眼底、中心30°快速閾值視野檢查。OCT檢查采用Topcon 3D 1000 OCT(Ver 2.4)檢測(cè),無(wú)需散瞳。采用鏡頭內(nèi)的黃斑注視點(diǎn),光源波長(zhǎng)840 nm,軸向分辨率5 μm,橫向分辨率20 μm,掃描速度18 000 A·s-1,掃描深度2 mm,掃描模式選用512×64,掃描范圍6 mm×6 mm。結(jié)合相應(yīng)的彩色眼底掃描照片,測(cè)量和分析黃斑部位視網(wǎng)膜的厚度和結(jié)構(gòu)變化。所有OCT均由同一技師操作檢查。

      1.3數(shù)據(jù)采集使用Topcon 3D OCT機(jī)器自帶Fastmap2.4軟件自動(dòng)分析圖像,采用ETDRS的分區(qū)方法對(duì)黃斑區(qū)進(jìn)行分區(qū)。采集數(shù)據(jù)包括:黃斑中心凹1 mm內(nèi)視網(wǎng)膜厚度,距黃斑1~3 mm內(nèi)環(huán)上、顳、下、鼻各象限視網(wǎng)膜厚度,距黃斑3~6 mm外環(huán)上、顳、下、鼻各象限視網(wǎng)膜厚度,黃斑區(qū)視網(wǎng)膜體積及視網(wǎng)膜厚度,黃斑中心凹視網(wǎng)膜平均厚度。

      1.4統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法所有數(shù)據(jù)均采用SPSS17.0軟件進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)分析,兩組間黃斑區(qū)各參數(shù)的比較采用兩獨(dú)立樣本的t檢驗(yàn),黃斑區(qū)視網(wǎng)膜厚度與MD之間的相關(guān)分析采用Pearson相關(guān)分析,P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。

      2 結(jié)果

      2.1兩組黃斑區(qū)OCT圖像特征對(duì)照組及青光眼組黃斑區(qū)厚度地形圖均表現(xiàn)為黃斑中心凹最薄,對(duì)照組內(nèi)環(huán)視網(wǎng)膜較外環(huán)視網(wǎng)膜厚,青光眼組內(nèi)環(huán)及外環(huán)視網(wǎng)膜彌漫變薄或局限性變薄(圖1)。

      Figure 1 Macular images detected by 3D OCT of two groups.A:Control group,the inner-ring retina was thicker than the outer-ring;B:Glaucoma group,the local retina was thin;C:Glaucoma group,all retina was thin 兩組黃斑區(qū)3D OCT圖像特征。A:對(duì)照組內(nèi)環(huán)視網(wǎng)膜較外環(huán)視網(wǎng)膜厚;B:青光眼組黃斑視網(wǎng)膜局限性變??;C:青光眼組黃斑視網(wǎng)膜彌漫變薄

      2.2兩組黃斑區(qū)各參數(shù)比較兩組黃斑區(qū)參數(shù)比較見(jiàn)表1。從表1可知,兩組除黃斑中心凹1 mm內(nèi)視網(wǎng)膜厚度、黃斑中心凹視網(wǎng)膜厚度差異比較無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(t=1.39、1.64,P=0.17、0.10)外,青光眼組黃斑內(nèi)環(huán)各象限及黃斑外環(huán)各象限視網(wǎng)膜厚度、黃斑區(qū)視網(wǎng)膜體積及視網(wǎng)膜厚度均較對(duì)照組變薄或變小,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(均為P<0.05)。

      2.3黃斑區(qū)視網(wǎng)膜厚度與MD的相關(guān)性青光眼組患者M(jìn)D值為(9.96±6.28)dB;相關(guān)分析顯示,青光眼組黃斑區(qū)視網(wǎng)膜厚度與MD呈負(fù)相關(guān)(r=-0.612,P=0.01)。

      3 討論

      作為一種視功能不可逆性損傷的常見(jiàn)疾病,青光眼的診斷和隨訪非常重要,一旦在隨訪過(guò)程中發(fā)現(xiàn)病情進(jìn)展,臨床上即需要采取相應(yīng)的治療措施來(lái)干預(yù),以阻止視功能進(jìn)一步惡化。Na等[6]認(rèn)為應(yīng)用3D OCT綜合檢測(cè)視盤神經(jīng)纖維層、視盤參數(shù)及黃斑區(qū)各參數(shù)能很好地評(píng)估青光眼病情的進(jìn)展,但由于視盤結(jié)構(gòu)相對(duì)復(fù)雜,視盤神經(jīng)纖維層及視盤參數(shù)的檢測(cè)并非總能得到較準(zhǔn)確的結(jié)果。本研究應(yīng)用3D OCT檢測(cè)了青光眼患者黃斑區(qū)各參數(shù),并與正常人眼進(jìn)行了比較。

      表1 兩組黃斑區(qū)各參數(shù)比較Table 1 Comparison of each macular parameter between two groups

      視野缺損是診斷青光眼的條件之一,只是目前其還是患者的主觀檢查,檢查結(jié)果的準(zhǔn)確性完全取決于患者的反應(yīng)程度,且有些青光眼患者的RNFL和(或)視盤參數(shù)已經(jīng)發(fā)生了改變,但視野檢查并未出現(xiàn)異常[9-10]。因此,對(duì)視功能及神經(jīng)視網(wǎng)膜結(jié)構(gòu)改變要綜合分析,才能更好地評(píng)估青光眼的進(jìn)程。在本研究中青光眼黃斑區(qū)視網(wǎng)膜厚度與MD呈負(fù)相關(guān),說(shuō)明在青光眼的診斷和追蹤上應(yīng)用3D OCT檢測(cè)黃斑區(qū)視網(wǎng)膜厚度與視野檢查具有較好的一致性。

      既往用時(shí)域OCT追蹤黃斑區(qū)視網(wǎng)膜厚度,Medeiros等[11]認(rèn)為運(yùn)用時(shí)域OCT檢測(cè)視盤旁RNFL厚度追蹤青光眼病情發(fā)展比黃斑區(qū)視網(wǎng)膜厚度及視盤參數(shù)要好。隨著OCT的發(fā)展,目前頻域OCT掃描速度大大提高,且軸向最小分辨率從10 μm發(fā)展到現(xiàn)在的5 μm。Kotera等[12]認(rèn)為在早期青光眼患者的黃斑區(qū)視網(wǎng)膜厚度和RNFL還沒(méi)有改變的時(shí)候,內(nèi)層視網(wǎng)膜厚度即比正常人要薄。隨著OCT軟硬件技術(shù)、設(shè)施的不斷升級(jí),應(yīng)用OCT檢測(cè)黃斑區(qū)內(nèi)層視網(wǎng)膜厚度將有可能成為青光眼早期診斷、進(jìn)展追蹤的重要手段。

      綜上所述,目前視盤各參數(shù)及視盤旁RNFL厚度仍然是評(píng)估青光眼患者眼底結(jié)構(gòu)改變的主要指標(biāo),但由于黃斑區(qū)解剖結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)及OCT技術(shù)的不斷革新,采用OCT檢查可以方便、快捷地檢測(cè)黃斑區(qū)視網(wǎng)膜厚度參數(shù),利于青光眼的診斷和追蹤,因此黃斑區(qū)視網(wǎng)膜OCT檢測(cè)將有可能是青光眼診斷、追蹤的重要手段之一。

      1 Niessen AG,Van Den Berg TJ,Langerhorst CT,Greve EL.Retinal nerve fiber layer assessment by scanning laser polarimetry and standardized photography[J].AmJOphthalmol,1996,121(5):484-493.

      2 Zeimer R,Asrani S,Zou S,Quiqley H,Jampel H.Quantitative detection of glaucomatous damage at the posterior pole by retinal thickness mapping.A pilot study[J].Ophthalmology,1998,105(2):224-231.

      3 Nakatani Y,Higashide T,Ohkubo S,Takeda H,Suqiyama K.Evaluation of macular thickness and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness for detection of early glaucoma using spectral domain optical coherence tomography[J].JGlaucoma,2011,20(4):252-259.

      4 Guedes V,Schuman JS,Hertzmark E,Wollstein G,Correnti A,Mancini R,etal.Optical coherence tomography measurement of macular and nerve fiber layer thickness in normal and glaucomatous human eyes[J].Ophthalmology,2003,110 (1):177-189.

      5 Leung CK,Chan WM,Yung WH,Ng AC,Woo J,Tsang MK,etal.Comparison of macular and peripapillary measurements for the detection of glaucoma:an optical coherence tomography study [J].Ophthalmology,2005,112 (3):391-400.

      6 Na JH,Sung KR,Lee JR,Lee KS,Baek S.Detection of glaucomatous progression by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography[J].Ophthalmology,2013,120(7):1388-1395.

      7 邢業(yè)嬌,王大博,紀(jì)珍,劉鵬輝.海德堡OCT測(cè)量后極部視網(wǎng)膜厚度對(duì)青光眼診斷價(jià)值[J].青島大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào),2013,49(1):38-43.

      9 Kass MA,Heuer DK,Hagginbotham EJ,Johnson CA,Keltner JL,Miller JP,etal.The Ocular Hypertension Treatment Study:a randomized trial determines that topical ocular hypertensive medication delays or prevents the onset of primary open-angle glaucoma[J].ArchOphthalmol,2002,120(6):701-713.

      10 Quigley HA,Katz J,Derick RJ,Gilbert D,Sommer A.An evaluation of optic disc and nerve fiber layer examinations in monitoring progression of early glaucoma damage[J].Ophthalmology,1992,99(1):19-28.

      11 Medeiros FA,Zangwill LM,Alencar LM,Bowd C,Sample PA,Susanna R Jr,etal.Detection of glaucoma progression with stratus OCT retinal nerve fiber layer,optic nerve head,and macular thickness measurements[J].InvestOphthalmolVisSci,2009,50(12):5741-5748.

      12 Kotera Y,Hangai M,Hirose F,Mori S,Yoshimura N.Three-dimensional imaging of macular inner structures in glaucoma by using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography[J].InvestOphthalmolVisSci,2011,52(3):1412-1421.

      date:Sep 2,2013

      Macular retinal thickness measured by three dimensional optical coherence tomography for glaucoma diagnosis

      PANG Yan-Hua,ZHAO Gui-Ling,KE Yi,TAN Zhi,ZHU Min-Yi,LI Rui-Zhuang

      optical coherence tomography;macular;retinal thickness;glaucoma

      Objective To measure macular retinal thickness parameters in glaucoma patients and compare them with normal subjects using three dimensional optical coherence tomography (3D OCT),and discuss its value in glaucoma diagnosis.Methods A total of 40 patients (46 eyes) with glaucoma in our hospital from September 2012 to June 2013 were chosen as glaucoma group,and 50 healthy subjects (50 eyes) in control group.OCT imaging of macular area were examined using 3D OCT.The changes of macular thickness parameters in two groups were observed,the differences of image feature of macular topographic map were compared,and the correlation between macular retinal thickness and mean defect of visual field was analyzed.Results Macular retinal thickness in healthy subjects and patients with glaucoma topographic maps were the fovea at the thinnest.While inner-ring retinal thickness was much thicker than outer-ring retina in healthy subjects,inner-ring and outer-ring retinal thickness in patients with glaucoma were localized or diffuse thinning.The inner-ring retinal thickness,outer-ring retinal thickness,macular volume and average macular thickness in glaucoma group were thinner or smaller than those in control group,there were statistical differences(allP<0.05),but there were no statistical difference in central macular thickness with 1 mm and central fovea of macula thickness between two groups (t=1.39,1.64,P=0.17,0.10).The macular retinal thickness in glaucoma group was negative correlated with mean defect of visual field (r=-0.612,P=0.01).Conclusion Macular images detected by 3D OCT can be a useful method to determine glaucoma status and has a potential for tracking glaucoma progression.

      龐燕華,女, 1980年6月出生,廣西東興人,主治醫(yī)師。研究方向:青光眼、眼底病。聯(lián)系電話:13553563810;E-mail:pangyh123@163.com

      AboutPANGYan-Hua:Female,born in June,1980.Attending doctor.Tel:13553563810;E-mail:pangyh123@163.com

      2013-09-02

      524023 廣東省湛江市,廣東醫(yī)學(xué)院附屬醫(yī)院眼科

      李瑞莊,聯(lián)系電話:13702886288

      .龐燕華,趙桂玲,柯毅,譚志,朱敏怡,李瑞莊.3DOCT檢測(cè)黃斑區(qū)視網(wǎng)膜厚度在青光眼診斷中的價(jià)值[J].眼科新進(jìn)展,2014,34(5):468-470.

      ??

      10.13389/j.cnki.rao.2014.0128

      修回日期:2014-01-18

      本文編輯:周志新

      Accepteddate:Jan 18,2014

      From theDepartmentofOphthalmology,AffiliatedHospitalofGuangdongMedicalCollege,Zhanjiang524023,GuangdongProvince,China

      Responsibleauthor:LI Rui-Zhuang,Tel:13702886288

      [RecAdvOphthalmol,2014,34(5):468-470]

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