張浩然等
[摘要] 目的 探討非霍奇金淋巴瘤(NHL)患者血清β2-微球蛋白(β2-MG)和CA125檢測的臨床意義。 方法 檢測76例NHL患者及32例體檢健康者的血清β2-MG和CA125水平,分析β2-MG和CA125與疾病臨床進展及預后的關系。 結(jié)果 NHL患者血清β2-MG和CA125水平高于健康體檢者(P<0.05);β2-MG和CA125水平與患者年齡和性別均無相關性(P>0.05);侵襲性和高侵襲性淋巴瘤患者的β2-MG和CA125水平比惰性淋巴瘤患者高(P<0.05);Ⅲ~Ⅳ期比Ⅰ~Ⅱ期患者的β2-MG和CA125水平高(P<0.05);患者經(jīng)2個周期化療后β2-MG和CA125的水平較治療前下降(P<0.05)。 結(jié)論 血清β2-MG和CA125水平檢測可作為NHL診斷、疾病惡性程度、分期、療效評估的參考指標。
[關鍵詞] 非霍奇金淋巴瘤;β2-微球蛋白;CA125抗原
[中圖分類號] R557+.4 [文獻標識碼] A [文章編號] 1674-4721(2014)08(b)-0051-03
[Abstract] Objective To investigate the clinical significance of the serum β2-MG and CA125 in non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). Methods The level of serum β2-MG and CA125 in 76 patients with NHL (NHL group) and 32 healthy subjects (control group) weredetected.The relationships between them and clinical characteristics and prognosis were explored. Results The levels of serum β2-MG and CA125 in NHL group were obviously higher than those in the control group (P<0.05).The levels of serum β2-MG and CA125 in NHL group were not significantly correlated with age and gender (P>0.05).The levels of serum β2-MG and CA125 in aggressive and high-aggressive NHL were obviously higher than those in indolent NHL (P<0.05).The levels of serum β2-MG and CA125 in Ⅲ-Ⅳ stage were obviously higher than those in Ⅰ-Ⅱ stage (P<0.05).The levels of serum β2-MG and CA125 were significantly decreased after two cycles of chemotherapy (P<0.05). Conclusion The levels of serum β2-MG and CA125 can be taken as reference index for diagnosis,invasiveness,classification,effectiveness of treatment in the patients with NHL.
[Key words] Non-Hodgkin lymphoma(NHL);β2-microglobulin(β2-MG);Carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125)
非霍奇金淋巴瘤(non-Hodgkin lymphoma,NHL)是淋巴瘤中最為常見的類型,而近年來淋巴瘤的發(fā)病率以每年3%~5%的速度增加,為目前增長速度最快的惡性腫瘤之一。NHL侵犯結(jié)外組織的傾向大,同時存在高度異質(zhì)性,故臨床進程及治療反應存在顯著差異,因此,對NHL預后相關因子的研究具有重要的臨床意義。目前臨床上多種預后指標已被廣泛應用,如年齡、Ann分期、國際預后指標(IPI)評分、結(jié)外浸潤、腫塊大小、治療反應等。有文獻[1-3]報道顯示,血清中β2-微球蛋白(β2-MG)和糖蛋白抗原125(carbohydrate antigen 125,CA125)的水平可能與大部分NHL的治療效果及預后存在相關性。因此,對NHL患者的β2-MG和CA125水平進行分析,對提高對NHL患者的診治及預后有重要意義。
1 資料與方法
1.1 一般資料
收集蚌埠醫(yī)學院第一附屬腫瘤內(nèi)科2009年10月~2014年4月收治的NHL患者76例,所有患者均經(jīng)過病理組織學檢查確診。疾病診斷標準參考淋巴組織腫瘤WHO(2008年)分型標準,臨床分期按Ann Arbor分期標準。其中男40例,女36例;中位年齡55(20~72)歲。對照組為32名正常健康體檢者,男17例,女15例,年齡21~69歲。兩組患者的年齡、性別等一般資料差異無統(tǒng)計學意義(P>0.05),具有可比性。
1.2 方法
所有患者睡前禁食、水,次日晨空腹抽取靜脈血5 ml,測定β2-MG和CA125的水平;2個周期的化療后,復查β2-MG和CA125。β2-MG采用放射免疫學方法測定,正常范圍0.9~2.7 mg/L。CA125采用免疫化學發(fā)光技術(shù)測定,正常水平為<35 U/ml。
1.3 統(tǒng)計學處理
應用SPSS 13.0軟件包進行數(shù)據(jù)處理,計量資料以均數(shù)±標準差(x±s)表示,組間比較采用t檢驗,計數(shù)資料的比較采用秩和檢驗,以P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計學意義。
2 結(jié)果
2.1 兩組患者血清β2-MG和CA125水平的比較
NHL組患者的血清β2-MG和CA125水平高于對照組(P<0.05)(表1)。
2.2 NHL患者β2-MG和CA125與患者年齡和性別的關系
β2-MG和CA125水平與患者年齡和性別均無相關性(P>0.05)(表2)。
2.3 不同侵襲性患者β2-MG和CA125水平的比較
侵襲性和高侵襲性組的β2-MG和CA125水平比惰性淋巴瘤組的水平高(P<0.05)(表3)。
2.4 不同分期患者β2-MG和CA125水平的比較
對血清β2-MG和CA125水平的分析顯示,不同分期淋巴瘤患者間比較差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.05),Ⅰ~Ⅱ期比Ⅲ~Ⅳ期患者的β2-MG和CA125水平低(表4)。
2.5 治療前后β2-MG和CA125水平變化的比較
患者經(jīng)2個周期的化療,治療后β2-MG和CA125的水平較治療前顯著下降(P<0.05)(表5)。
3 討論
有研究顯示,β2-MG是一種低分子蛋白質(zhì),其相對分子質(zhì)量為11 800,是組織相容性抗原(HLA)的輕鏈結(jié)構(gòu),在患者新陳代謝過程中與HLA分離后釋放進入血液[4-5]。β2-MG測定對白血病、多發(fā)性骨髓瘤等惡性血液腫瘤系統(tǒng)疾病有一定的輔助診斷價值。本研究結(jié)果顯示,NHL患者血清中β2-MG和CA125水平較對照組明顯增高,其結(jié)果與文獻[6]報道基本一致,提示β2-MG和CA125測定可以作為NHL診斷的輔助指標。
有研究顯示,β2-MG濃度明顯升高者,多病情惡化、預后不佳,而其值低者,則預后較好,生存期一般較長[7]?;颊呓?jīng)手術(shù)、化療或其他治療后,病情好轉(zhuǎn)或緩解,多數(shù)患者的β2-MG均有不同程度降低。研究表明,在NHL患者中β2-MG水平升高者具有較高的死亡風險,β2-MG是NHL患者預后生存的一個獨立危險因素,可以作為判斷NHL預后的重要指標之一。
另有文獻報道,患者β2-MG水平高低與體內(nèi)腫瘤負荷的大小密切相關[8]。本研究結(jié)果顯示,Ⅰ~Ⅱ期比Ⅲ~Ⅳ期患者的β2-MG和CA125水平低,兩組差異有統(tǒng)計學意義,提示NHL患者的血清β2-MG和CA125水平與臨床分期密切相關。患者經(jīng)2個周期的化療,治療后β2-MG和CA125水平較治療顯著下降,反映患者體內(nèi)腫瘤負荷降低,提示β2-MG和CA125水平高低與腫瘤負荷大小密切相關,說明β2-MG和CA125可預測淋巴瘤患者的治療效果。
CA125在臨床上常為卵巢上皮癌的腫瘤標志物,同時也為非卵巢癌的重要參考指標[9-10]。最近國外有相關文獻報道,NHL患者血清CA125水平亦增高,尤其在伴有腹部浸潤的患者[11-12]。有文獻報道,NHL患者CA125表達的總陽性率為40%~50%,表達率與NHL腫瘤大小、臨床分期及治療效果相關[13],本研究結(jié)果顯示,CA125在NHL組中的水平高于對照組,治療后CA125水平較治療前明顯下降,差異有統(tǒng)計學意義。
目前研究提示,CA125并非由NHL細胞直接表達,而可能為NHL細胞釋放的淋巴因子刺激間皮細胞,從而使間皮細胞表達和分泌CA125[14],有研究進一步顯示,NHL患者血清CA125升高與疾病的進展、巨大包塊、高腫瘤負荷、心包、胸腔積液、腹水及結(jié)外播散等有關[15]。
目前認為,在NHL患者的血清學標志物中β2-MG反映腫瘤負荷,LDH反映腫瘤增殖活性,而CA125則反映腫瘤的侵襲潛能[16-17]。目前已明確CA125不同于由淋巴瘤細胞直接釋放的β2-MG和CA125,而是反映間皮細胞對腫瘤的反應性。在本研究中發(fā)現(xiàn),血清CA125水平與β2-MG同時升高,并提示動態(tài)檢測這些腫瘤學標志物,對NHL診斷、臨床分期、疾病惡性程度、疾病活動和預后預測以及了解NHL對治療的反應性具有重要的臨床意義。但由于本研究樣本量較少,因此β2-MG和CA125在NHL預后中的作用還需要更多的數(shù)據(jù)和資料及更規(guī)范的實驗技術(shù)來進一步研究和證實。
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[13] 歐陽取長,王平輝.105例非霍奇金淋巴瘤患者血清乳酸脫氫酶的變化及臨床意義[J].實用腫瘤雜志,2001, 16(2):111-113.
[14] Bonnet C,Beguin Y,F(xiàn)assotte MF,et al.Limited usefulness of CA125 measurement in the management of Hodgkin′s and non-Hodgkin′s lymphoma[J].Eur J Haematol,2007,78(5):399-404.
[15] Wei G,Yuping Z,Jun W,et al.CA125 expression in patients with non-Hodgkin′s lymphoma[J].Leuk Lymphoma,2006,47(7):1322-1326.
[16] Morra E.The biological markers of non-Hodgkin′s lymphomas:their role in diagnosis,prognostic assessment and therapeutic strategy[J].Int J Biol Markers,1999,14(3):149-153.
[17] Benboubker L1,Valat C,Linassier C,et al.A new serologic index for low-grade non-Hodgkin′s lymphoma based on initial CA125 and LDH serum levels[J].Ann Oncol,2000,11(11):1485-1491.
(收稿日期:2014-07-09 本文編輯:林利利)
[4] Federico M,Guglielmi C,Luminari S,et al.Prognostic relevance of serum beta2 microglobulin in patients with follicular lymphoma treated with anthracycline-containing regimens.A GISL study[J].Haematologica,2007,92(11):1482-1488.
[5] Peterson PA,Cunningham BA,Bergg?覽rd I,et al.β2-Microglobulin-a free immunoglobulin domain[J].Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,1972,69(7):1697-1701.
[6] 龐麗萍,魏穎慧,張文麗,等.血清CA125,LDH,β2-MG在非霍奇金淋巴瘤診斷治療中的意義[J].白血病·淋巴瘤,2006,15(2):113-114.
[7] López-Guillermo A,Cabanillas F,McLaughlin P,et al.The clinical significance of molecular response in indolent follicular lymphomas[J].Blood,1998,91(8):2955-2960.
[8] 夏忠軍,黃仁魏,吳祥元,等.非霍奇金淋巴瘤患者血清β2 微球蛋白檢測對預后的價值[J].癌癥,2001,20(4):406-408.
[9] Lazzarino M,Orlandi E,Klersy C,et al.Serum CA 125 is of clinical value in the staging and follow-up of patients with non-Hodgkin′s lymphoma:correlation with tumor parameters and disease activity[J].Cancer,1998,82(3):576-582.
[10] Camera A,Villa MR,Rocco S,et al.Increased CA 125 serum levels in patients with advanced acute leukemia with serosal involvement[J].Cancer,2000,88(1):75-78.
[11] Kutluk T,Varan A,Erba?鬤 B,et al.Serum CA 125 levels in children with non-Hodgkin′s lymphoma[J].Pediatr Hematol Oncol,1999,16(4):311-319.
[12] Ozgüroglu M,Turna H,Demir G,et al.Usefulness of the epithelial tumor marker CA-125 in non-Hodgkin′s lymphoma[J].Am J Clin Oncol,1999,22(6):615-618.
[13] 歐陽取長,王平輝.105例非霍奇金淋巴瘤患者血清乳酸脫氫酶的變化及臨床意義[J].實用腫瘤雜志,2001, 16(2):111-113.
[14] Bonnet C,Beguin Y,F(xiàn)assotte MF,et al.Limited usefulness of CA125 measurement in the management of Hodgkin′s and non-Hodgkin′s lymphoma[J].Eur J Haematol,2007,78(5):399-404.
[15] Wei G,Yuping Z,Jun W,et al.CA125 expression in patients with non-Hodgkin′s lymphoma[J].Leuk Lymphoma,2006,47(7):1322-1326.
[16] Morra E.The biological markers of non-Hodgkin′s lymphomas:their role in diagnosis,prognostic assessment and therapeutic strategy[J].Int J Biol Markers,1999,14(3):149-153.
[17] Benboubker L1,Valat C,Linassier C,et al.A new serologic index for low-grade non-Hodgkin′s lymphoma based on initial CA125 and LDH serum levels[J].Ann Oncol,2000,11(11):1485-1491.
(收稿日期:2014-07-09 本文編輯:林利利)
[4] Federico M,Guglielmi C,Luminari S,et al.Prognostic relevance of serum beta2 microglobulin in patients with follicular lymphoma treated with anthracycline-containing regimens.A GISL study[J].Haematologica,2007,92(11):1482-1488.
[5] Peterson PA,Cunningham BA,Bergg?覽rd I,et al.β2-Microglobulin-a free immunoglobulin domain[J].Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,1972,69(7):1697-1701.
[6] 龐麗萍,魏穎慧,張文麗,等.血清CA125,LDH,β2-MG在非霍奇金淋巴瘤診斷治療中的意義[J].白血病·淋巴瘤,2006,15(2):113-114.
[7] López-Guillermo A,Cabanillas F,McLaughlin P,et al.The clinical significance of molecular response in indolent follicular lymphomas[J].Blood,1998,91(8):2955-2960.
[8] 夏忠軍,黃仁魏,吳祥元,等.非霍奇金淋巴瘤患者血清β2 微球蛋白檢測對預后的價值[J].癌癥,2001,20(4):406-408.
[9] Lazzarino M,Orlandi E,Klersy C,et al.Serum CA 125 is of clinical value in the staging and follow-up of patients with non-Hodgkin′s lymphoma:correlation with tumor parameters and disease activity[J].Cancer,1998,82(3):576-582.
[10] Camera A,Villa MR,Rocco S,et al.Increased CA 125 serum levels in patients with advanced acute leukemia with serosal involvement[J].Cancer,2000,88(1):75-78.
[11] Kutluk T,Varan A,Erba?鬤 B,et al.Serum CA 125 levels in children with non-Hodgkin′s lymphoma[J].Pediatr Hematol Oncol,1999,16(4):311-319.
[12] Ozgüroglu M,Turna H,Demir G,et al.Usefulness of the epithelial tumor marker CA-125 in non-Hodgkin′s lymphoma[J].Am J Clin Oncol,1999,22(6):615-618.
[13] 歐陽取長,王平輝.105例非霍奇金淋巴瘤患者血清乳酸脫氫酶的變化及臨床意義[J].實用腫瘤雜志,2001, 16(2):111-113.
[14] Bonnet C,Beguin Y,F(xiàn)assotte MF,et al.Limited usefulness of CA125 measurement in the management of Hodgkin′s and non-Hodgkin′s lymphoma[J].Eur J Haematol,2007,78(5):399-404.
[15] Wei G,Yuping Z,Jun W,et al.CA125 expression in patients with non-Hodgkin′s lymphoma[J].Leuk Lymphoma,2006,47(7):1322-1326.
[16] Morra E.The biological markers of non-Hodgkin′s lymphomas:their role in diagnosis,prognostic assessment and therapeutic strategy[J].Int J Biol Markers,1999,14(3):149-153.
[17] Benboubker L1,Valat C,Linassier C,et al.A new serologic index for low-grade non-Hodgkin′s lymphoma based on initial CA125 and LDH serum levels[J].Ann Oncol,2000,11(11):1485-1491.
(收稿日期:2014-07-09 本文編輯:林利利)