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      中考英語熱點考點歸納總結(jié)(三)

      2015-03-30 13:11:50
      關(guān)鍵詞:辨析狀語主語

      [一、 考點詞匯選析]

      1. style

      style意為“風格;時尚;說話的態(tài)度;文體;儀表;品位”等。

      常見短語有:

      change ones style of living 改變生活方式

      come into style 流行起來

      keep to the style of 保持……的作風

      make a style of ones own 創(chuàng)立自己的風格

      beautiful style 風度優(yōu)雅

      high style 時髦樣式

      the western style 西式,西洋風格

      in (out of) style 時髦(不時髦)

      a style of ……的風格(作風,文體)

      例如:

      The shop is very popular in our neighborhood and they sell every style of jewelry. 這家商店在鄰里很受歡迎,他們賣各種樣式的首飾。

      【中考鏈接】

      —Mrs. Black, could you give me some advice on how to write an application letter?

      —With pleasure. Remember that the letter should be written in the formal ______. (2011南京)

      A. value B. style

      C. effect D. mood

      【答案】B

      【解析】考查句意理解和詞義辨別。句意為“記住用正式的格式書寫”,style意為“樣式,風格”。

      2. message

      message意為“信息;消息;啟示;主旨;寓意;電報;傳真”等。

      常見短語有:

      leave a message留口信

      take a message (打電話時用)傳個話,留口信

      send a message 聯(lián)絡(luò),聯(lián)系

      give sb. a message 給某人捎口信

      =take a message for sb.

      例如:

      I got a message that you were trying to reach me. 我收到一條留言,說你想跟我聯(lián)系。

      【中考鏈接】

      _______ about the sports meeting make us excited. (2011貴州安順)

      A. News B. Information C. Messages D. Advice

      【答案】C

      【解析】考查詞義辨析。根據(jù)題干,謂語動詞make是原形,可知主語應(yīng)該是復(fù)數(shù)形式,而news, information, advice都是不可數(shù)名詞,故C是正確的。

      3. nervous

      nervous意為“神經(jīng)的;緊張不安的;膽小的;強健的”等。

      常見短語有:

      nervous smile 神經(jīng)質(zhì)的一笑

      feel nervous 感到緊張

      get nervous 變得焦躁不安

      make sb. nervous 使人煩躁不安

      nervous about 對……緊張不安

      例如:

      I have never seen anyone so nervous. 我從未看到過這么緊張的人。

      【中考鏈接】

      —Im too ______ to give a talk before so many people.

      —Take it easy, Maria. You can do it. (2013鞍山)

      A. comfortable ? ? B. nervous

      C. afraid ? ? ? ? D. happy

      【答案】B

      【解析】考查詞義辨析。通過對話下文take it easy“放松”,可知“我太緊張而不能在很多人面前演講”,這里應(yīng)用形容詞nervous表達。

      4. fail

      fail 意為“失敗”;

      fail (in) the exam 考試不及格;

      pass the exam考試及格。

      例如:

      If you dont study hard, you will fail in the exam.

      fail to do sth. 未能/錯過/疏忽/無法做某事。

      例如:

      She failed to keep her promise.

      【中考鏈接】

      If you dont work hard for most of the year and then work hard for only a few days before the exam, you will probably _______. (2011四川綿陽)endprint

      A. succeed B. finish

      C. fail D. pass

      【答案】C

      【解析】考查詞義辨析。根據(jù)句意“如果你一年中大部分時間不努力學習并只在考試前努力,”可以推斷“那么你將可能失敗?!?,故選C。

      5. dress, put on和wear

      (1) dress作 “穿衣服”講:

      ① 單獨使用。

      例如:

      Do we have to dress for dinner? 我們吃飯要換正式衣服嗎?

      ② 給自己或別人穿衣服。后面加表示人的詞,不能加衣服。

      例如:

      Im busy now. Will you dress the children?

      (2) put on可表示穿的動作或佩帶東西,但put on強調(diào)動作,即從沒穿到穿上的動作。

      例如:

      She put on the coat before she went out.

      (3) wear可表示穿衣服,也可作“佩帶”講。例如戴眼鏡,手套等等。但wear僅表示狀態(tài),即穿上衣服之后的狀態(tài)。

      例如:

      Yesterday, he wore a red coat.

      【中考鏈接】

      She hurriedly ______ the child and took him downstairs. (2013鞍山)

      A. put on ? ? ? B. wore

      C. dressed ? ? ? D. had on

      【答案】C

      【解析】考查動詞辨析。put on指“穿上衣服”;wear指“穿著衣服”,表狀態(tài)。dress sb. 指“給某人穿衣服”。根據(jù)句意:她匆匆地把孩子穿好衣服,帶下樓。故選C。

      6. forget與leave

      (1) 二者都可以表示忘記某物,但是leave常和事物被遺忘的地點連用,而forget則不然。另外forget還可以指忘記某事,leave不可以表示此意。

      例如:

      I left my watch at home.

      I forgot my watch was wrong.

      (2) forget to do sth. 意為“忘記去做某事”; forget doing sth. 意為“忘了做過某事”。

      例如:

      Dont forget to turn off the lights before you leave.

      Im sorry I forgot borrowing some money from you.

      (3) leave sth. + adj. 意為“使某物保持某種狀態(tài)”。

      例如:

      Its very hot inside. Please leave the door open.

      【中考鏈接】

      If anybody calls, tell them Im out and ask them to ______ their names and addresses.(2011揚州)

      A. pass B. write

      C. take D. leave

      【答案】D

      【解析】考查詞義辨析。pass 意為“遞過去”;write意為“寫下”;take意為“帶走”; leave意為“留下”。根據(jù)句意“告訴他們留下他們的姓名和地址”。答案選D。

      7. raise 與rise

      raise是及物動詞,意思是“舉起;抬高;飼養(yǎng);籌集”,說明主語發(fā)出的動作是要作用于其他事物的。rise是不規(guī)則變化的不及物動詞,過去式為rose, 過去分詞為risen。意為“升起;上升;起立;起床”,說明主語自身移向較高的位置。

      例如:

      He raised his hand because he knew the answer.

      The sun rises in the east.

      【中考鏈接】

      —Chinese tennis player Li Na won a championship again!

      —Yeah, I watched the game and my spirits _____ at the news. (2011湖北武漢)

      A. rose B. calmed

      C. turned D. shook

      【答案】 A

      【解析】 考查動詞的用法。句意:——中國網(wǎng)球選手李娜又奪得冠軍了!——是的,我觀看了比賽,看到這個新聞,我情緒高漲。由句意可知,這個激動人心的消息,不會令人平靜,只能令人情緒上漲。故選A。

      [二、 必備短語過關(guān)]

      1. get on, get along, get off和get up

      get on上車,進展,相處

      get along 進展,相處

      get off下車

      get up 起床endprint

      例如:

      —How are you getting on with your

      classmates? 你和同學們相處怎樣?

      —Very well. 很好。

      【中考鏈接】

      Dont _______ the bus until it has stopped. Safety is first. (2011江蘇淮安)

      A. get along B. get go

      C. get off D. get up

      【答案】C

      【解析】本題考查動詞短語辨析。get along“進展;和睦相處”;get off“下車”;get up“起床”。句意為“要直到車停下來才下車,安全第一”。故選C。

      2. take off, take part in, take out和take care of

      take off 脫下; 起飛

      take part in參加

      take out取出;拿出

      take care of照顧;照看

      例如:

      You should take off your coat. Its very warm in the room. 你應(yīng)該脫掉你的外套。房間非常暖和。

      【中考鏈接】

      Im not sure when the plane will ______ and when it will land. (2012綿陽)

      A. take off B. run off

      C. open up ? D. stay up

      【答案】A

      【解析】考查動詞詞組詞義的辨析。句意為“我不能確定飛機什么時間起飛、什么時間降落”。故選A。

      3. give up, give out, give away和give in

      give up放棄

      give out 分發(fā);發(fā)出(光、熱、氣體等)

      give away 分發(fā)

      give in 屈服

      【中考鏈接】

      You are supposed to ______ smoking, ______ you will get ill. (2013綏化)

      A. go on; so

      B. give up; or

      C. stop; so

      【答案】B

      【解析】考查動詞詞組的辨析。解題思路:go on 意為“繼續(xù)”,give up意為“放棄”,stop意為“阻止”。句意為“你應(yīng)該放棄吸煙,否則你會得病的”。故選B。

      4. wake up, bring up, make up, give up, set up, sit up, pick up, turn up, look up和end up

      wake up 醒來

      bring up 撫養(yǎng)

      make up 賠償;彌補;編造;化妝

      give up 放棄

      set up建立

      sit up熬夜

      pick up 撿起,學會,感染(疾病等)

      turn up開大;翻起;出現(xiàn)

      look up向上看;改善;拜訪(某人);查找

      end up 以……結(jié)局

      例如:

      If he carries on driving like that, hell end up dead. 他照這樣開車, 早晚得死于非命。

      【中考鏈接】

      Joes sister had wanted very much to be a pop singer, but she ______ as a newspaper reporter. (2012杭州)

      A. cleaned up B. looked up

      C. ended up ? ? D. made up

      【答案】C

      【解析】考查動詞短語。句意:Joe的妹妹一直很想成為一名流行歌曲歌手,但結(jié)果成為了一名報社記者。正確答案為C。

      5. give away, give back, give in, give out, give up和give off

      give away贈送;分發(fā);泄露;出賣

      give back 歸還;返回;恢復(fù)

      give in 屈服;讓步;交上;呈上

      give out 分發(fā);發(fā)出;用完;消耗盡;發(fā)出(光,聲音等)

      give up 放棄;投降;認輸;停止

      give off 發(fā)出(光,聲音等),散發(fā)出(氣味)

      例如:

      The old woman was very kind and she gave away all her money to the poor before she died. 這位老太太心腸很好,在去世前她把錢都送給了窮人。

      【中考鏈接】

      Bob used to be a “problem child”, but his mother was very patient and didnt stop (代替劃線部分) _______ trying to help him. (2011廣西玉林)endprint

      A. give out B. give away

      C. give up ? ? D. put up

      【答案】C

      【解析】考查短語辨析。give out意為“分發(fā)”,give away意為“泄露,贈送”,give up 意為“放棄”,put up意為“舉起,建造”。根據(jù)句意可知stop為“停止”,因此選項C與其意義相近。

      [三、 重點語法精講]

      1. 過去進行時

      (1) 構(gòu)成:主語 + was / were + 現(xiàn)在分詞 + 其它。

      (2) 用法:

      ① 表示過去某一時刻正在進行或發(fā)生的動作,通常與之連用的時間狀語有:this time yesterday, at that time, at seven oclock yesterday morning 等。

      例如:

      We were all playing basketball this time yesterday.

      I was typing the letter at seven this morning.

      ② 表示在過去某一時間段正在進行或持續(xù)進行的動作,通常與之連用的時間狀語有:yesterday morning / afternoon / evening, from 9 to 10 yesterday, last week, last night 等。

      例如:

      —What was Jim doing from 8 to 9 yesterday evening?

      —He was sitting in the chair watching TV.

      I was preparing for the contest last week.

      ③ 常和when / while引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句連用,主從句發(fā)生的動作都在過去。when引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句的謂語動詞,既可以是延續(xù)性的,也可以是短暫性的。而while引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句時,謂語動詞必須是延續(xù)性的。

      例如:

      He began to go to school when he was six.

      When my mother came in, I was drinking tea.

      Lily was drawing while Lucy was reading.

      While he was waiting, he heard the voice from the above.

      ④ when,“正在那時,突然”; while,“然而”,并列連詞。

      例如:

      They were playing soccers when Peter broke his leg.

      She is tall while her elder sister is very short.

      【中考鏈接】

      —I went to see you yesterday evening. But you werent in. Where were you then?

      —I ______ a walk by the lake with my husband. (2013鞍山)

      A. was having ? ? B. am having

      C. have had ? ? ? D. have

      【答案】A。

      【解析】考查動詞時態(tài)。上句說:我昨天晚上去看你,但是你不在家,你那時去了哪里?下句是要告訴對方當時正在做什么,故用過去進行時。句意為“我當時和我的丈夫一起在湖邊散步”。故選A。

      2. 現(xiàn)在完成時

      (1) 構(gòu)成

      ① 助動詞have / has + 過去分詞, 否定形式直接在have / has后加not。

      例如:

      I have just cleaned the kitchen.

      They havent done their English homework yet.

      ② 疑問式

      疑問式:Have / Has + sb. + 過去分詞 + ...?

      答語:Yes, sb. + have / has.

      No, sb. + havent / hasnt. (有時也用No, not yet. 或No, never.)

      例如:

      —Have you ever made dumplings?

      —Yes, I have. / No, I havent.

      (2) 用法

      ① 表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的某一動作對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的影響或結(jié)果,與現(xiàn)在時間相聯(lián)系。

      例如:

      —Have you seen the film Hero?

      —Yes, its exciting. (表明自己對影片很了解)

      Tony has gone home. (強調(diào)托尼現(xiàn)在不在這兒)

      【注意】現(xiàn)在完成時的狀語通常為just, already, yet, ever, never, before。endprint

      ② 表示動作或狀態(tài)從過去某時開始,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,可能持續(xù)下去,也可能剛剛結(jié)束。通常與since或for引導(dǎo)的時間狀語連用。例如:

      I have known him since we were children.

      I have lived here for seven years.

      【注意】 現(xiàn)在完成時的持續(xù)性用法還可以和以下表示包括現(xiàn)在時間在內(nèi)的時間狀語連用,如:this year, this month, these days, recently, lately, always, in the past / last, few years, over the years, so far (到目前為止),ever since (從……起;自從……以后)等。

      例如:

      Have you read novels recently?

      How many songs have you learned so far?

      在此種用法中,謂語動詞只能用延續(xù)性動詞,不能用終止性動詞,除非終止性動詞轉(zhuǎn)換成延續(xù)性動詞。

      常見轉(zhuǎn)換有:

      come→be at / in

      go / leave→be away (from)

      open→be open

      close→be closed

      buy→have

      marry→be married

      borrow→keep

      start / begin→be on

      finish / end→be over

      die→be dead

      join→be in (be a member of)

      【正】 He has been in the army for one year. 他參軍一年了。

      【誤】 He joined the army for one year.

      【中考鏈接】

      —Why are you standing here, Mrs. White?

      —Im waiting for my son. He ______ back from school. (2012福建泉州)

      A. hasnt come B. wont come

      C. doesnt come

      【答案】A

      【解析】考查動詞的時態(tài)。由上文語境“我正在等兒子”可知,他沒有從學?;貋?。故用現(xiàn)在完成時。選A。

      3. 反意疑問句

      (1) 陳述部分用no, nothing, nobody, never, few, seldom, hardly, little等否定含義的詞時,疑問部分用肯定含義。

      例如:

      Mr. Black made no answer, did he?

      但如果是dis-, un- 等前綴構(gòu)成的否定句出現(xiàn)在陳述部分,疑問部分仍然用否定形式。

      例如:

      He dislikes maths, doesnt he?

      (2) 陳述部分有have to + v. (had to + v.),疑問部分常用dont + 主語(didnt + 主語)。

      例如:

      We have to get there at eight tomorrow, dont we?

      (3) 陳述部分的謂語是used to 時,疑問部分用didnt +主語或usednt +主語。

      例如:

      He used to take pictures there, didnt he? / usednt he?

      (4) 陳述部分有Youd like to + v. 疑問部分用wouldnt +主語。

      例如:

      Youd like to go with me, wouldnt you?

      (5) 陳述部分由neither ... nor, either ... or 連接的并列主語時,疑問部分根據(jù)其實際邏輯意義而定。

      例如:

      Neither you nor I am an engineer, are we?

      (6) 陳述部分主語是指示代詞或不定代詞everything, that, nothing, this, 疑問部分主語用it。

      例如:

      Everything is ready, isnt it?

      (7) 陳述部分主語是不定代詞everybody, anyone, somebody, nobody, no one等,疑問部分常用復(fù)數(shù)they,有時也用單數(shù)he。

      例如:

      Everyone knows the answer, dont they?

      Nobody knows about it, do they?

      (8) 帶情態(tài)動詞need或dare的反意疑問句,疑問部分常用 need (dare) +主語。

      例如:

      We need not do it again, need we?

      (9) 當dare, need 為實義動詞時,疑問部分用助動詞do + 主語。

      例如:

      She doesnt dare to go home alone, does she?endprint

      (10) 省去主語的祈使句的反意疑問句,疑問部分用will you。

      例如:

      Dont do that again, will you?

      Go with me, will you / wont you?

      【注意】 Lets 開頭的祈使句,后用shall we?

      Let us 開頭的祈使句,后用will you?

      例如:

      Lets go and listen to the music, shall we?

      Let us wait for you in the reading-room, will you?

      (11) 陳述部分是there be結(jié)構(gòu)的,疑問部分用there省略主語代詞。

      例如:

      There is something wrong with your watch, isnt there?

      (12) must在表“推測”時,根據(jù)其推測的情況來確定反意疑問句。

      例如:

      He must be there now, isnt he?

      It must be going to rain tomorrow, wont it?

      (13) 陳述部分是there be,疑問部分用isnt / arent there, wasnt / werent there。

      例如:

      There is going to be a football match in our school, isnt there?

      【中考鏈接】

      —Becky doesnt talk much, ______ she?

      —Yes, she does. (2013柳州)

      A. will ? ? ? B. did ? ? ? ? C. does

      【答案】C

      【解析】考查反意疑問句。反意疑問句通常是前句肯定,后句就用否定;前句否定,后句就用肯定形式。又謂語動詞是doesnt,因此答案選C。

      [四、 口語交際運用]

      1. 詢問他人情況

      詢問別人怎么了,通常說:Whats wrong with you?或Whats the matter (with you)?通常詢問病情用Whats your trouble?

      類似的說法還有:

      Whats up?

      What happened to you?

      Is there anything wrong with you?

      Whats the trouble with you?

      Whats the problem with you?

      但不可說: Whats your wrong?

      例如:

      —Whats your trouble, young man?

      —Ive got a bad cold, doctor.

      —You look worried, whats up?

      —I have left my English textbook at home.

      【中考鏈接】

      —Doctor, is there anything wrong with my eyes?

      —No. ______ is OK. (2010山西)

      A. Something B. Nothing

      C. Everything

      【答案】C

      【解析】此題詢問病情。根據(jù)語境:眼睛沒有問題。故選C。

      2. 表達征求意見和提供建議的方式

      (1) What should I do? 此句指某人遇到困難時常用的交際用語。

      例如:

      Mum, I cant find my pen. What shall I do?

      (2) Shall I / we ...? “……好嗎?/我(們)可以……嗎?”它既可以用來征求意見也可以用來提供建議。

      例如:

      —Shall I go to the park with you?

      —Good idea.

      (3) Lets...“咱們……吧!”,用于提建議。

      例如:

      Lets find some part-time jobs.

      (4) Why not do sth.? / Why dont you+動詞原形...? 用于提供建議。

      例如:

      You dont like this house. Why not sell it and buy a new one?

      Why dont you join us?

      (5) How / What about doing sth.? 用于提出建議, 征求意見, 詢問看法。

      例如:

      What about writing a letter to your dear mother?endprint

      (6) 主語 + had better do sth. ...“最好……”, 用于提供建議。

      例如:

      Its so hot outside. Youd better stay at home and do some reading.

      (7) Would you like...?句式是用來有禮貌地提出請求、邀請或建議, 意思是“你想要……嗎?”

      例如:

      —Would you like a cup of tea, madam?

      —Yes, please.

      (8) Will you ...?

      例如:

      Will you practice spoken English?

      (9) Would you mind ...?

      例如:

      Would you mind practicing spoken English more?

      (10) You are supposed to ....

      例如:

      You are supposed to practice spoken English.

      (11) You should ....

      例如:

      You should practice spoken English.

      【中考鏈接】

      —How about going to the Disneyland together?

      —______ (2011山東德州)

      A. Enjoy yourself!

      B. Good luck!

      C. Whats up?

      D. Sounds like a good idea!

      【答案】D

      【解析】考查交際用語。根據(jù)問句可知,是在提議,只有D項“聽起來像是個好主意”符合題意,故答案為D。

      3. 請求與道歉

      (1) 請求:

      —Would you mind turning down the music?

      —No, not at all.

      —Would you mind my opening the window?

      —Would you mind not parking here?

      —Do you mind if I smoke?

      —Could you please speak slowly?

      —Shall I get you some coffee?

      (2) 道歉:

      Sorry, I wont do it again.

      I am terribly / truly sorry.

      I apologize.

      【中考鏈接】

      —Would you mind getting out of the shower, Anna?

      —_______. (2012青島)

      A. OK. I1l do them right away

      B. Sorry. Ill get up now

      C. Sorry. I wont be long

      D. No, I wont

      【答案】C

      【解析】考查日常交際用語。句意:——安娜,你是否介意從浴室出來?——對不起,我不會用太久。故選C。

      4. 談?wù)撨^去的經(jīng)歷

      (1) 如果過去的行為與現(xiàn)在仍存在聯(lián)系,那我們就這樣表達。

      例如:

      —Have you ever been to the USA?

      —Yes, I have.

      —How long have you been there?

      —I have been there for about 5 years.

      (2) 如果講述過去的事情或經(jīng)過,則用以下方式。

      例如:

      We were walking in the forest when suddenly a tiger came at us.

      —When did you go there?

      —I went there last week.

      【中考鏈接】

      —Youre coughing badly. Have you gone to see a doctor?

      —No, but I _______. (2011四川綿陽)

      A. am going to

      B. will not

      C. am not going to

      D. havent

      【答案】A

      【解析】考查口語交際。根據(jù)問句“你咳嗽得厲害。你去看過醫(yī)生了嗎?”及答句里的“No, but ...”可推斷“準備去”,答案選A。endprint

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