曹久鋒

人物故事類文章是高考閱讀理解中經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)的材料，選材多源于幽默故事或日常生活。

[選材特點]

1.人物故事類文章通常有一個完整的故事，有開頭、發(fā)展和結(jié)尾，故事情節(jié)跌宕起伏、層次清晰、語言通俗易懂。

2.高考選用的此類文章常常為情感類故事，所以要關(guān)注作者表達(dá)的個人感悟，或故事中出其不意的變化，這些內(nèi)容往往體現(xiàn)文章的中心或?qū)懽饕鈭D，屬于必考點?？傮w來說，故事類文章的難度通常不會太大，考生只要跟隨作者的思路，就能掌握文章大意。

[解題策略]

1.理清文脈與主要信息

閱讀故事類文章時要把文中的人物和事件結(jié)合在一起思考，抓住情節(jié)發(fā)展的主要脈絡(luò)和線索，有的故事以人物為主線索，有的以事件發(fā)展為主線索，有的則以主人公思想感情變化為主線索。只有抓住了主線索，才不會在解題時偏離了正軌。閱讀過程中應(yīng)特別關(guān)注決定事件發(fā)生前因及后果的主要信息，把它與次要信息區(qū)別開來。

2.掌握重要細(xì)節(jié)

在命題上，對故事情節(jié)的考查一般體現(xiàn)在對重要細(xì)節(jié)的搜索和篩選上。解答細(xì)節(jié)題要注意有直接辨認(rèn)和間接辨認(rèn)兩種，前者從文章中直接獲取信息，問題或者選項常常會用文中相應(yīng)細(xì)節(jié)關(guān)鍵詞的同義詞或近義詞的形式復(fù)述出來。間接辨認(rèn)事實細(xì)節(jié)題需要對原文有更深層次的理解，而不僅僅是停留在文字表面，這樣題目的思維含量更高，難度也就更大了。

3.注意作者的議論和抒情

高考英語閱讀理解故事類文章常伴隨著作者思想情感的流露和表達(dá)，因此議論和抒情往往夾雜其中。行文或按事情發(fā)生發(fā)展的先后時間進行，或按事情發(fā)生發(fā)展的地點來轉(zhuǎn)換。在引出話題，講完一件事情后，作者往往會表達(dá)個人感悟或提出建議等。這些體現(xiàn)作者觀點或思想的語句在閱讀時要仔細(xì)體會，必要時可作標(biāo)記以待回顧。

4.把握作者態(tài)度及意圖

故事類文章是通過記敘一件事來表達(dá)中心思想的。歸納文章中心思想時，尤其要分析文章的結(jié)尾，因為很多文章都會在結(jié)尾用簡短的議論或抒情來揭示文章中心；文章中議論抒情的句子往往與中心思想密切相關(guān)；也有的文章需要在結(jié)合概括各段大意的基礎(chǔ)上歸納中心，通過一些關(guān)鍵詞句把握作者的態(tài)度。

在一些故事中，作者的態(tài)度和觀點很鮮明，用直截了當(dāng)?shù)恼Z言直率地挑明；也有一些故事，作者的態(tài)度和觀點隱含在故事的過程或細(xì)節(jié)描述中，需要我們細(xì)加揣摩和體會。我們應(yīng)該特別關(guān)注作者的措詞，尤其是表達(dá)感情色彩的形容詞、動詞，還要關(guān)注作者的語氣和句式。主觀臆想，隨意揣測，或以自己的觀點代替作者的觀點都會導(dǎo)致判斷錯誤。

例題 2015年高考北京卷

The Boy Made It！

One Sunday， Nicholas， a teenager， went skiing at Sugarloaf Mountain in Maine. In the early afternoon， when he was planning to go home， a fierce snowstorm swept into the area. Unable to see far， he accidentally turned off the path. Before he knew it， Nicholas was lost， all alone！ He didnt have food， water， a phone， or other supplies. He was getting colder by the minute.

Nicholas had no idea where he was. He tried not to panic. He thought about all the survival shows he had watched on TV. It was time to put the tips he had learned to use.

He decided to stop skiing. There was a better chance of someone finding him if he stayed put. The first thing he did was to find shelter form the freezing wind and snow. If he didnt， his body temperature would get very low， which could quickly kill him.

Using his skis， Nicholas built a snow cave. He gathered a huge mass of snow and dug out a hole in the middle. Then he piled branches on top of himself， like a blanket， to stay as warm as he could.

By that evening， Nicholas was really hungry. He ate snow and drank water from a nearby stream so that his body wouldnt lose too much water. Not knowing how much longer he could last， Nicholas did the only thing he could—he huddled （蜷縮） in his cave and slept.

The next day， Nicholas went out to look for help， but he couldnt find anyone. He followed his tracks and returned to the snow cave， because without shelter， he could die that night. On Tuesday， Nicholas went out to find help. He had walked for about a mile when a volunteer searcher found him. After two days stuck in the snow， Nicholas was saved.

Nicholas might not have survived this snowstorm had it not been for TV. He had often watched Grylls survival show. Man vs. Wild. Thats where he learned the tips that saved his life， In each episode （一期節(jié)目） of Man vs. Wild， Grylls is abandoned in a wild area and has to find his way out.

When Grylls heard about Nicholas amazing deeds， he was super impressed that Nicholas had made it since he knew better than anyone how hard Nicholas had to work to stay alive.

56. What happened to Nicholas one Sunday afternoon？

A. He got lost

B. He broke his skis

C. He hurt his eyes

D. He caught a cold

57. How did Nicholas keep himself warm？

A. He found a shelter

B. He lighted some branches

C. He kept on skiing

D. He built a snow cave.

58. On Tuesday， Nicholas .

A. returned to his shelter safely

B. was saved by a searcher

C. got stuck in the snow

D. staved where he was

59. Nicholas left Grylls a very deep impression because he .

A. did the right things in the dangerous situation

B. watched Grylls TV program regularly

C. created some tips for survival

D. was very hard-working

解析 本文講的是一個小男孩在暴風(fēng)雪中迷路，他不畏艱難，利用在電視中學(xué)到的野外生存知識逃脫困境的故事。

56. A。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第三行Before he knew it， Nicholas was lost， all alone！可知答案。這是可以直接辨認(rèn)出的細(xì)節(jié)。故選A。

57. D。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段第一行Nicholas built a snow cave以及第四行to stay as warm as he could可知，Nicholas保持溫暖的方式是建了一個雪洞。同樣是可以直接辨認(rèn)的細(xì)節(jié)，故選D。

58. B。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第六段第三行He had walked for about a mile when a volunteer searcher found him可知Nicholas在星期二被一名志愿搜救者救了。

59. A。推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的he was super impressed that Nicholas had made it since he knew better than anyone how hard Nicholas had to work to stay alive可知，Grylls覺得一個小男孩能在如此因難的清況下成功逃生是難能可貴的，故選A。