張滿勝,英國劍橋大學英語碩士,新東方學?!靶滤季S語法”培訓創(chuàng)始人,著有《英語語法新思維》系列圖書,對英語語法有深入的研究,突破傳統(tǒng)語法教學,提出了“語法即思維”的全新語法理念,揭開了英語思維的深層秘密。他對中國學生英語學習的癥結(jié)和困惑有深刻的了解,力爭改變中國學生“學習多年英語,最終還是不會說、不會寫、聽不懂”的尷尬局面。歡迎大家來信咨詢與英語學習相關(guān)的問題,請在信封右下角或郵件主題欄注明“熱線答疑”。
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張老師,您好!我碰到下面這道題:
I should have forgotten all about my mother's demand that I bring some fruit home for the evening, ____.
A. if not reminding B. if not reminded
C. although reminded D. although not reminding
所給答案是C,解析說是“我忘記買水果了”,但是“should +完成時態(tài)”不是表示“該做的沒做”嗎?那不是應(yīng)該理解成“我該忘了,實際上卻沒忘”嗎?求解答,謝謝!
本題可填入although reminded,也可填入if not reminded,但是這兩種說法含義不同且都不太常見了。若填入although reminded,說成:I should have forgotten all about my mother's demand that I bring some fruit home for the evening, although reminded. 這句話相當于:Even though I'd been reminded, I completely forgot to bring home the fruit my mother had asked me to buy. 整句話意為:“盡管被提醒了,但我竟然還是把媽媽讓我買水果回家的事給忘光了?!边@里的should是“竟然”之意,由于是在談過去的事情,故說成should have done。但這種說法現(xiàn)在并不常用。此外,should表“竟然”的例子還有很多,但通常與表示情緒的詞連用,如:How sad that she should have no one to comfort her! (竟然沒人安慰她,多可悲?。。?/p>
若填入if not reminded,那最好把should改為would或might,說成:I would/might have forgotten all about my mother's demand that I bring some fruit home for the evening, if not reminded. 其中if not reminded還可以替換為if I had not been reminded或had I not been reminded。這句話意為:“如果沒有被提醒,我當時就會把媽媽讓我買水果回家的事給忘光的?!贝藭r,句子的核心意思發(fā)生了改變,表達的是對過去的虛擬。那為什么要把should改為would呢?其實,英國英語以前是可以用should的,說成:I should have forgotten all about my mother's demand that I bring some fruit home for the evening, if not reminded. 其中的should與would、might一樣,用來表示一種可能性,但這種用法現(xiàn)在一般不常見了,尤其是在美國英語中不被人們接受。
此外,should的含義有很多,should have done并不是只有“應(yīng)該做但實際上沒做”這種用法,同學們對should的認識不應(yīng)該局限于此。
張老師,您好。Biology, sport, domestic science, the cinema—there is bound to be some area that interests you and in which you can find books of about your level of ability. 請問這句話中的in which能否用where代替?如果不行,是為什么呢?
分析句子可知,句中的兩個定語從句that interests you和in which you can find books of about your level of ability并列,修飾同一個先行詞some area。這兩個定語從句還原成簡單句分別為:
① The area interests you.
② You can find books of about your level of ability in that area.
也就是說,in which相當于in that area,這里介詞in與area構(gòu)成了語義搭配,表示在具體某個領(lǐng)域的書籍,用in which比where語義更加明確。換句話說,這里用where未嘗不可,但用in which更好。
需要注意的是,當which前面的介詞與定語從句中的動詞有語義搭配關(guān)系,尤其涉及動詞短語的用法時,最好不要把“介詞+ which”換成where。比如:Emily Dickinson's garden was a place from which she drew great inspiration for her poems. 這句話中的定語從句改為簡單句為:She drew great inspiration from the place for her poems. 這里的draw inspiration from something是一個語義搭配,表示“從……獲取靈感”。此時不宜用where說成:Emily Dickinson's garden was a place where she drew great inspiration for her poems. 因為少了介詞from,draw和garden之間的語義關(guān)系就變得很模糊了。
綜上所述,采用“介詞+ which”會比where語義更加明確,因此也更好。