祝國(guó)富, 林 瑩, 李偉明
(同濟(jì)大學(xué)附屬第十人民醫(yī)院心內(nèi)科,上海 200072)
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·基礎(chǔ)研究·
Vaspin對(duì)巨噬細(xì)胞THP-1向泡沫細(xì)胞轉(zhuǎn)變的抑制作用
祝國(guó)富, 林 瑩, 李偉明
(同濟(jì)大學(xué)附屬第十人民醫(yī)院心內(nèi)科,上海 200072)
目的 腹腔脂肪型絲氨酸蛋白酶抑制劑(visceral adipose tissue-derived serine protease inhibitor, vaspin)是新發(fā)現(xiàn)的脂肪因子,對(duì)代謝性疾病具有改善作用。該研究旨在研究vaspin對(duì)體外培養(yǎng)的THP-1細(xì)胞泡沫化的影響。方法 100nM佛波酯孵育THP-1巨噬細(xì)胞48h后分為對(duì)照組,氧化低密度脂蛋白組(ox-LDL濃度50μg/ml,48h),vaspin干預(yù)組(vaspin終濃度100ng/ml,預(yù)孵24h);采用油紅0染色法檢測(cè)vaspin對(duì)THP-1細(xì)胞泡沫化的影響;Real-time PCR和Western blot法檢測(cè)vaspin對(duì)THP-1細(xì)胞中酰基輔酶A膽固醇?;D(zhuǎn)移酶-1(acy1-coenzyme A: cholesterol acyltrasferase-1,ACAT-1)、ATP結(jié)合盒轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)體A1(ATP binding casstte transporterA1,ABCA1)及細(xì)胞清道夫受體-A1(scavenger receptor-A1, SR-A1)mRNA及蛋白表達(dá)水平的影響。結(jié)果 與ox-LDL組比較,ox-LDL+vaspin組巨噬細(xì)胞泡沫化程度明顯下降(P<0.05);ox-LDL+vaspin組ACAT-1和SR-A1 mRNA及蛋白表達(dá)水平明顯降低(P<0.05),而ABCA1 mRNA及蛋白表達(dá)水平明顯升高(P<0.05)。結(jié)論 vaspin 能夠抑制巨噬細(xì)胞向泡沫細(xì)胞的轉(zhuǎn)化,發(fā)揮抗動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化(atherosclerosis, As)的作用。
腹腔脂肪型絲氨酸蛋白酶抑制劑; 巨噬細(xì)胞; 泡沫細(xì)胞; ?;o酶A膽固醇?;D(zhuǎn)移酶-1; ATP結(jié)合盒轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)體A1; 細(xì)胞清道夫受體-A1
腹腔脂肪型絲氨酸蛋白酶抑制劑(vaspin)是2005年,從2型糖尿病肥胖大鼠模型中分離出的一種新型的脂肪因子,屬于絲氨酸蛋白酶抑制劑家族。許多研究結(jié)果顯示,vaspin在代謝綜合征的發(fā)生發(fā)展中發(fā)揮著重要作用,vaspin表達(dá)上調(diào)可以改善胰島素抵抗,并抑制炎癥及動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化進(jìn)展[1-3]。
動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化(atherosclerosis, As)是一種慢性炎癥性疾病,巨噬細(xì)胞吞噬氧化低密度脂蛋白(oxygenized-low density lipoprotein, ox-LDL)從而轉(zhuǎn)換成泡沫細(xì)胞是As形成的重要原因[4]。
Vaspin對(duì)巨噬細(xì)胞轉(zhuǎn)化為泡沫細(xì)胞中作用尚未明確。本實(shí)驗(yàn)用vaspin作用于單核巨噬細(xì)胞THP-1,研究其能否通過(guò)巨噬細(xì)胞內(nèi)與膽固醇代謝相關(guān)的ATP結(jié)合盒轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)體A1(ATP binding casstte transporterA1, ABCA-1)、?;o酶A膽固醇酰基轉(zhuǎn)移酶-1(acyl-coenzyme A: cholesterolacyhrasferase-1, ACAT-1)及細(xì)胞清道夫受體-A1(scavenger receptor-A1,SR-A1)基因的表達(dá)從而抑制巨噬細(xì)胞向泡沫細(xì)胞的轉(zhuǎn)化。
1.1 細(xì)胞
人單核巨噬細(xì)胞THP-1購(gòu)自中國(guó)科學(xué)院上海生物研究所細(xì)胞庫(kù)。
1.2 試劑
重組人腹腔脂肪型絲氨酸蛋白酶抑制劑蛋白購(gòu)自韓國(guó)Adipogen公司;ox-LDL購(gòu)自北京生物技術(shù)公司;胎牛血清、胰蛋白酶、DMSO及RPMI 1640培養(yǎng)基均購(gòu)自美國(guó)Gibco公司;PMA購(gòu)自美國(guó)Sigma公司;兔抗人ACAT-1、ABCA1及SR-A1多克隆抗體購(gòu)自美國(guó)SentaCrus公司;逆轉(zhuǎn)錄試劑盒和熒光定量試劑盒購(gòu)自日本Takara公司;RNA提取試劑盒購(gòu)自上海飛捷生物技術(shù)公司。
1.3 細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)
1.4 vaspin對(duì)THP-1泡沫化影響的檢測(cè)
采用油紅O染色法。將各組貼壁的THP-1細(xì)胞用PBS洗滌3次,置于4℃,10%甲醛中固定 10min;PBS洗滌3次,于60%異丙醇中放置 5min;過(guò)濾后的油紅0染色10min;于60%異丙醇分化 5min;PBS洗滌,照相。
1.5 vaspin對(duì)THP-1細(xì)胞中ACAT-1、ABCA1及SR-A1基因mRNA水平影響的檢測(cè)
采用Real-time PCR法。ACAT-1基因引物forward: 5′-GGAACACAGCATGTCAGTGCAA-3′,re-verse: 5′-TGTCACTCCAGGGCGTACAATC-3′;ABC-A1基因引物: forward: 5′-AGCTAAGTCCCTGCA-CCACGA-3′,reve-rse: 5′-TGTACAATCACCGACCT-TGACCA-3′;SR-A1基因引物: forward;5′-GACT-CTGGAATATCCCAGGACAACA-3′,reve-rse: 5′-CTGAGGTTTGCTGCATCGACA-3′;內(nèi)參β-actin基因引物: forward: 5′-CCAAATGCAAACTGGATGA-TGAC-3′,reverse: 5′-CTCTTGTTGATTTGGGCAC-AGAC-3′。引物由賽百勝生物工程(上海)有限公司合成。收集各組細(xì)胞,提取總RNA,經(jīng)逆轉(zhuǎn)錄試劑盒將RNA逆轉(zhuǎn)錄為cDNA,以cDNA為模板進(jìn)行實(shí)時(shí)定量PCR擴(kuò)增。反應(yīng)條件為: 94℃預(yù)變性5min;95℃放置30s,60℃放置30s,72℃延伸1min,共40個(gè)循環(huán)。
1.6 vaspin對(duì)THP-1細(xì)胞中ACAT-1、ABCA1及SR-A1蛋白表達(dá)影響的檢測(cè)
采用Western blot法檢測(cè)。收集各組細(xì)胞,用預(yù)冷的PBS洗滌3次,加入細(xì)胞裂解液裂解30min,將6孔板置于冰上提取細(xì)胞蛋白,提取后用BCA法測(cè)定蛋白濃度。取20μg蛋白,經(jīng)8%SDS-PAGE膠分離后,電轉(zhuǎn)至NC膜,以5%BSA于4SDS℃封閉1h;分別加入兔抗人ACAT-1、ABCA1及SR-A1多克隆抗體(均1∶500稀釋),4℃濕盒中孵育過(guò)夜;復(fù)溫1h后,PBST洗膜3次,每次10min,加入HRP標(biāo)記的二抗(1∶500稀釋),37℃避光孵育1h,避光洗膜3次,每次10min,ECL發(fā)光試劑盒發(fā)光顯影,凝膠成像。
1.7 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析
應(yīng)用SPSS 14.0軟件進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析,實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)均以均數(shù)±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差表示,各組數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行正態(tài)性和方差齊性檢驗(yàn),兩樣本的均數(shù)比較采用獨(dú)立樣本t檢驗(yàn),以P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2.1 vaspin能夠抑制巨噬細(xì)胞的吞脂
油紅O染色結(jié)果顯示,對(duì)照組及ox-LDL組可見(jiàn)較多的油紅O染色陽(yáng)性脂滴,結(jié)果以脂滴面積占細(xì)胞總面積的百分比表示,圖中結(jié)果顯示vaspin預(yù)處理后,巨噬細(xì)胞中的脂滴形成明顯減少(P<0.05),見(jiàn)圖1。
圖1 Vaspin對(duì)巨噬細(xì)胞泡沫化的影響(油紅O染色,×200)Fig.1 Effect of vaspin on the bubbing of macrophages(oil red O staining,×200)
2.2 vaspin對(duì)THP-1細(xì)胞中ACAT-1、ABCA1及SR-A1基因mRNA水平的影響
Real-time PCR結(jié)果顯示,ox-LDL組較對(duì)照組ACAT-1及SR-A1基因mRNA水平明顯升高(P值都<0.05),而ABCA1表達(dá)水平降低(P<0.05);vaspin預(yù)處理組較ox-LDL組ACAT-1及SR-A1基因mRNA水平明顯降低(P分別<0.05),而ABCA1表達(dá)水平升高(P<0.05),見(jiàn)圖2。
圖2 三組THP-1細(xì)胞中ACTA-1、SR-A1和ABCA1基因mRNA水平Fig.2 Levels of ACTA-1,SR-A1 and ABCA1 mRNAs in the THP-1 cells of three groups
2.3 vaspin對(duì)THP-1細(xì)胞中ACAT-1、ABCA1及SR-A1蛋白表達(dá)的影響
Western blot結(jié)果顯示,ox-LDL組較對(duì)照組ACAT-1及SR-A1蛋白表達(dá)水平明顯升高(P分別<0.05),而ABCA1表達(dá)水平降低(P<0.05);vaspin預(yù)處理組較ox-LDL組ACAT-1及SR-A1蛋白表達(dá)水平明顯降低(P<0.05),而ABCA1表達(dá)水平升高(P<0.05),見(jiàn)圖3。
圖3 三組THP-1細(xì)胞中ACTA-1、SR-A1和ABCA1的蛋白表達(dá)水平Fig.3 Expressions levels of ACTA-1, SR-A1 and ABCA1 proteins in the THP-1 cells of three groups
研究表明在頸動(dòng)脈硬化的患者,有癥狀者較無(wú)癥狀者血清vaspin濃度降低[5],主動(dòng)脈周圍脂肪組織中vaspin水平與大動(dòng)脈硬化呈正相關(guān)。此外,在希臘人和現(xiàn)研究中發(fā)現(xiàn)冠心病患者的vaspin血清濃度較正常人低,且與冠心病嚴(yán)重程度相關(guān)[6]。
巨噬細(xì)胞轉(zhuǎn)變的泡沫細(xì)胞是As形成的早期標(biāo)志,巨噬細(xì)胞能吞噬ox-LDL以及被自身細(xì)胞核金屬離子修飾的LDL,表現(xiàn)出一定的泡沫化傾向。通過(guò)清道夫受體,CD36受體或其他受體的作用,大量吞噬ox-LDL的巨噬細(xì)胞進(jìn)一步促成泡沫細(xì)胞的形成[7]。
ABCA1利用ATP為能量來(lái)源將細(xì)胞內(nèi)磷脂和游離膽固醇轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)至載脂蛋白A-1,啟動(dòng)膽固醇逆向轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn),清除多余脂質(zhì)尤其是細(xì)胞內(nèi)膽固醇的過(guò)程中發(fā)揮重要作用。而ABCA1的降低導(dǎo)致血漿HDL的降低,引起造成脂質(zhì)的堆積,促進(jìn)泡沫細(xì)胞形成[8-9]。實(shí)驗(yàn)發(fā)現(xiàn)與ox-LDL組相比vaspin+ox-LDL組油紅O染色陽(yáng)性細(xì)胞顯著減少,而ABCA1的基因和蛋白表達(dá)都顯著增加(P<0.05),表面vaspin可能通過(guò)膽固醇逆轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)而抑制巨噬細(xì)胞泡沫化。
SR-A是一種跨膜糖蛋白受體,主要表達(dá)于巨噬細(xì)胞、血管平滑肌細(xì)胞和內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞,促進(jìn)AS的發(fā)生、發(fā)展。由于不受細(xì)胞內(nèi)膽固醇的負(fù)反饋調(diào)節(jié),能無(wú)限制攝取ox-LDL,高表達(dá)SR-A,促使使巨噬細(xì)胞轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)榕菽?xì)胞[10]。膽固醇在ACAT1的作用下生成膽固醇酯,由于膽固醇酯是高度非極性分子,主要以脂滴的形式儲(chǔ)存于胞質(zhì)中,其表達(dá)過(guò)高使膽固醇酯合成增多,泡沫細(xì)胞內(nèi)脂質(zhì)堆積[11]。本研究發(fā)現(xiàn)vaspin+ox-LDL跟ox-LDL組SR-A和ACAT1在基因和蛋白表達(dá)都顯著減少(P<0.05),提示vaspin通過(guò)減少膽固醇積聚來(lái)抑制巨噬細(xì)胞泡沫化。
綜上所述,vaspin通過(guò)調(diào)節(jié)SR-A、ACAT1和ABCA1的表達(dá)水平降低巨噬細(xì)胞內(nèi)膽固醇水平,抑制巨噬細(xì)胞泡沫化。同時(shí),對(duì)于vaspin對(duì)AS的影響有待于進(jìn)一步的研究和證實(shí)。
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Inhibitory effects of vaspin on bubbling of macrophages THP-1invitro
ZHUGuo-fu,LINYing,LIWei-ming
(Dept. of Cardiology, Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China)
Objective To investigate the effect of vaspin on bubbling of macrophages THP-1 in vitro. Methods Human THP-1 macrophages were induced by phorbol-12-myristate 13-acetate(PMA,100nmol/L) for 48h,then cells were divided into three groups: control group, ox-LDL group(at a final concentration of 50μg/ml for 48h), ox-LDL+vaspin group(vaspin at a final concentration of 100ng/ml, pretreated for 24h). The effect of vaspin on bubbling of THP-1 cells was analyzed by Oil Red 0 staining. The expressions of mRNAs and proteins of ACAT-1,ABCA1 and SR-A1 were detected by real-time PCR and Western blotting, respectively. Results As compared with ox-LDL group, the bubbling level in ox-LDL+vaspin group was decreased significantly. The mRNA and protein expression levels of ACAT-1 and SR-A1 in ox-LDL+vaspin group significantly decreased, while those of ABCA1 mRNA and protein increased significantly(P<0.05). Conclusion Vaspin inhibits the transformation of macrophages to foam cells, thus playing an anti-atherosclerosis role.
vaspin; macrophages; foam cells; acy1-coenzyme; ATP binding cassette transporter A1; acyl-coenzyme A: cholesterolacyltrasferase-1(ACAT-1); scavenger receptor-A1(SR-A1)
10.16118/j.1008-0392.2015.03.007
2015-03-17
祝國(guó)富(1980—),男,碩士研究生.E-mail: zhuguofu_19880630@163.com
李偉民.E-mail: 18917683469@189.cn
R 541.4
A
1008-0392(2015)03-0031-04