強(qiáng)調(diào)句型考點(diǎn)淺析
金 山 (青海省格爾木市第二中學(xué) 816000)
強(qiáng)調(diào)句型是高考中的語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目,很受命題者的青睞。在歷屆的高考英語(yǔ)中,強(qiáng)調(diào)句型都是一個(gè)重要的考點(diǎn),考試命題者以及廣大的考生們都十分關(guān)注,唯恐有失。本文將就強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的考點(diǎn)進(jìn)行分析。
高考 強(qiáng)調(diào)句型 考點(diǎn)
在高考英語(yǔ)試卷中,強(qiáng)調(diào)句已經(jīng)成為高考熱點(diǎn)。命題者加大了對(duì)句子結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜程度和知識(shí)面的考查,同時(shí)注重考查知識(shí)之間的交叉和語(yǔ)法知識(shí)的力度,這就要求我們?cè)谄綍r(shí)的復(fù)習(xí)和備考中注意總結(jié),全面把握,深入研究。
強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的結(jié)構(gòu)是:it be+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that(強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中不用when,where,what等,但是如果被強(qiáng)調(diào)的是人可以用who/whom)+其余的部分。一個(gè)句子除了不能強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)以外,其他成分都可強(qiáng)調(diào),被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分可以是主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)等。
以I met him on the street last night.為例。
1.強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ)
It was I that who met him on the street last night.
就是我昨天晚上在街上遇見(jiàn)了他。
2.強(qiáng)調(diào)賓語(yǔ)
It was him that I met on the street last night.
我昨晚在街上遇到的就是他。
3.強(qiáng)調(diào)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)
It was on the street that I met him last night.
昨晚我就是在街上遇到了他。
4.強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)
It was last night that I met him on the street.
就是昨天晚上我在街上遇到了他。
此外,還可以強(qiáng)調(diào)原因或方式狀語(yǔ)。例如:
It was because he was ill that he did not attend the meeting.
因?yàn)樗×?,才沒(méi)來(lái)參加會(huì)議。
It was on foot that he arrived at the village the other day.
那天他就是步行到達(dá)了那個(gè)村莊。
強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的強(qiáng)調(diào)部分必須是對(duì)that/ who之后句子的某一成分表示強(qiáng)調(diào),如果把“It is (was)…that”去掉,該句應(yīng)該意思完整,不缺任何句子成分。
1.如果強(qiáng)調(diào)句型指現(xiàn)在或未來(lái)情況用it is,指過(guò)去情況用it was.
Was it her that you referred to?
你指的就是她嗎?
2.被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分往往是句子的主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)和地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ),但有時(shí)也可以強(qiáng)調(diào)比較復(fù)雜的內(nèi)容,如時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句、條件狀語(yǔ)從句、原因狀語(yǔ)從句及not until…,not only…but also…,as well as…等結(jié)構(gòu)。
It was because he missed the early bus that he was late for conference.
就是因?yàn)殄e(cuò)過(guò)了早班車他開(kāi)會(huì)才遲到了。
3.被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分是人稱代詞時(shí),原句用什么格,強(qiáng)調(diào)句也用什么格。
It was we who respected all our teachers.
最尊重我們老師的就是我們。
4.關(guān)于強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的選用,強(qiáng)調(diào)人時(shí)可用who或that;如果不強(qiáng)調(diào)人一律用that.此時(shí)絕不能和定語(yǔ)從句混淆,被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分為時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)或者原因狀語(yǔ)時(shí)不能用when,where或why.
It was in this school that I studied English for three years.
就是在這所學(xué)校我學(xué)了三年英語(yǔ)。
It was this school where I studied English for three years.(定語(yǔ)從句)
這就是我學(xué)了三年英語(yǔ)的學(xué)校。
It was on October 1,1949 that the Peopleˊs Republic of China was founded.(強(qiáng)調(diào)句)
就是在1949年的10月1日中華人民共和國(guó)成立了。
It was October 1,1949 when the People's Republic of China was founded.(時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句)
當(dāng)中華人民共和國(guó)成立的時(shí)候是1949年10月1日。
強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的一般疑問(wèn)句結(jié)構(gòu)為:Is / Was…who/that…?
Was is it that silver is not widely used as a conductor?
究竟是因?yàn)槭裁淬y不能作為導(dǎo)體呢?
在對(duì)not…until引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí),主句要用正序。比較下列三個(gè)句子:
1.She did not remember her appointment with the doctor until she had arrived home.
2.Not until she had arrived home did she remember her appointment with the doctor.
3.It was not until she had arrived home that she remember her appointment with the doctor.
句式特征為:It is/was+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that…,isn't/wasn't it?
It was Alice and her boyfriend who sent the old man to the hospital,wasn't it?
這種情況下疑問(wèn)句中的主語(yǔ)與強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中的主語(yǔ)it保持一致,不能和被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分中的名詞或代詞保持一致,并要遵循“前肯定后否定”的原則。
(責(zé)編 齊真)