賈美婷,李顯耀,康 麗,姜運(yùn)良,樊新忠,唐 輝
(山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)動(dòng)物科技學(xué)院,泰安 271018)
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壽光雞GPR147基因5′調(diào)控區(qū)多態(tài)性與產(chǎn)蛋性狀的關(guān)聯(lián)分析
賈美婷,李顯耀,康麗,姜運(yùn)良,樊新忠,唐輝*
(山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)動(dòng)物科技學(xué)院,泰安 271018)
摘要:為了了解GPR147基因多態(tài)性及其與產(chǎn)蛋性狀的關(guān)系,本試驗(yàn)以壽光雞為試驗(yàn)材料,用直接測(cè)序的方法檢測(cè)了壽光雞該基因5′調(diào)控區(qū)的SNPs,并與產(chǎn)蛋性狀進(jìn)行了關(guān)聯(lián)分析。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),GPR147基因的5′ 調(diào)控區(qū)在雞群中共有11個(gè)SNPs位點(diǎn),其中-593和-579位點(diǎn)的不同基因型在后期(45~56周)產(chǎn)蛋量和56周總產(chǎn)蛋數(shù)有顯著差異(P<0.05);-593位點(diǎn)TT基因型對(duì)應(yīng)較高產(chǎn)蛋數(shù),-579位點(diǎn)AA基因型對(duì)應(yīng)較高產(chǎn)蛋數(shù)。上述兩個(gè)位點(diǎn)的單倍型分析結(jié)果表明,單倍型TA與CG相比,中期(26~44周)產(chǎn)蛋量多了1.5枚(P=0.041 8),后期產(chǎn)蛋量多2.5枚(P=0.032 6),300天產(chǎn)蛋量多1.6枚(P=0.1),56周總產(chǎn)蛋量多4.4枚(P=0.014 4)。綜上,GPR147 5′ 調(diào)控區(qū)存在豐富的SNPs位點(diǎn),-593和-579位點(diǎn)SNPs及其單倍型對(duì)壽光雞的產(chǎn)蛋性狀有顯著影響,是具有潛在應(yīng)用價(jià)值的分子標(biāo)記。
關(guān)鍵詞:雞;產(chǎn)蛋性能;GPR147基因;多態(tài)性
促性腺激素抑制激素(GnIH)是2000年K.Tsutsui等在日本鵪鶉中發(fā)現(xiàn)的一種下丘腦十二肽,能夠抑制促性腺激素的合成和釋放[1]。研究顯示,GnIH廣泛存在于鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)、魚(yú)類(lèi)及哺乳動(dòng)物的下丘腦——垂體——性腺軸(HPG軸)上[2-5],通過(guò)多種方式參與生殖調(diào)控[6-7]。T.Ikemoto等和J.A.Bonini等報(bào)道雞的GnIH有兩種受體(RFRPR和NPFFR),其中RFRPR又稱(chēng)為GPR147基因,主要在垂體表達(dá)[8-9]。GnIH與其受體GPR147結(jié)合,抑制腺苷酸環(huán)化酶活性,從而降低細(xì)胞內(nèi)cAMP水平,干擾G蛋白耦聯(lián)受體(包括GnRH、LH、FSH受體)信號(hào)傳導(dǎo)[10]。T.Osugi等研究發(fā)現(xiàn),給麻雀注射GnIH能快速減少血漿LH水平,同時(shí)注射GnIH和雞促性腺激素釋放激素I(cGnRH-I),能降低GnRH誘導(dǎo)的血漿LH的升高水平[2]。T.Ubuka等研究表明,白冠雀和鵪鶉腹內(nèi)注射GnIH后,LH濃度降低,鵪鶉LHα、LHβ和FSHα亞單位的mRNA表達(dá)量顯著減少[11]。因此推測(cè),GnIH可以通過(guò)直接或間接作用抑制促卵泡激素(FSH)和促黃體激素(LH)的合成與釋放,繼而影響雌激素的合成。這些激素共同作用影響生殖器官的發(fā)育,進(jìn)而對(duì)蛋雞的產(chǎn)蛋水平產(chǎn)生影響。
近年來(lái),有關(guān)GnIH及其受體GPR147的研究主要停留在神經(jīng)內(nèi)分泌調(diào)控上,對(duì)雞GPR147基因5′調(diào)控區(qū)多態(tài)性及其與產(chǎn)蛋性狀關(guān)系的研究還未見(jiàn)報(bào)道。本研究以壽光雞為試驗(yàn)材料,研究其GPR147基因5′調(diào)控區(qū)的SNPs,并與產(chǎn)蛋性狀進(jìn)行關(guān)聯(lián)分析,為地方雞產(chǎn)蛋性狀分子標(biāo)記輔助選擇提供依據(jù)。
1材料與方法
1.1材料
1.1.1試驗(yàn)動(dòng)物本試驗(yàn)雞群來(lái)自山東壽光慈倫大雞養(yǎng)殖場(chǎng),選取有完整的開(kāi)產(chǎn)日齡及每日產(chǎn)蛋情況記錄的樣本432只。所有參試雞群?jiǎn)位\飼養(yǎng),飼養(yǎng)管理?xiàng)l件相同。
1.1.2主要試劑PJET1.2 Vector、DNA凝膠回收試劑盒購(gòu)自天根生化科技有限公司,感受態(tài)細(xì)胞E.coliDH5α、PrimerSTAR HS DNA Polymerase購(gòu)自TaKaRa公司。
1.2DNA提取
50周齡時(shí)經(jīng)翅靜脈采血后,根據(jù)血液基因組DNA提取試劑盒說(shuō)明書(shū)提取DNA。用紫外分光光度計(jì)和1%瓊脂糖凝膠電泳檢測(cè)DNA的濃度與純度,于-20 ℃保存。
1.3引物設(shè)計(jì)
根據(jù)GenBank上發(fā)表的雞GPR147基因序列(登錄號(hào):NC_006093.3),在5′側(cè)翼序列設(shè)計(jì)引物。引物由生工生物工程(上海)股份有限公司合成,序列:正向引物(F):5′-GCTGCTACTGTCACCTGA-GG-3′;反向引物(R):5′-GGAGAAACCGCAATGAAAGGAG-3′。
1.4PCR擴(kuò)增和SNPs位點(diǎn)檢測(cè)
根據(jù)產(chǎn)蛋記錄,選取30個(gè)產(chǎn)蛋性狀差異較大個(gè)體的DNA樣品,混池后進(jìn)行PCR擴(kuò)增。PCR反應(yīng)條件:94 ℃預(yù)變性5 min;98 ℃變性10 s,63.5 ℃退火15 s,72 ℃延伸1 min,35個(gè)循環(huán);72 ℃延伸10 min;4 ℃保存。
PCR產(chǎn)物經(jīng)瓊脂糖凝膠電泳檢測(cè)后,用DNA凝膠回收試劑盒回收,并與PJET1.2 Vector連接。將連接產(chǎn)物轉(zhuǎn)化至感受態(tài)細(xì)胞E.coliDH5α,通過(guò)菌液PCR鑒定陽(yáng)性克隆,將陽(yáng)性克隆菌送至北京華大基因有限公司進(jìn)行測(cè)序,檢測(cè)多態(tài)性位點(diǎn)。用TFSEARCH在線(xiàn)軟件預(yù)測(cè)可能的轉(zhuǎn)錄因子結(jié)合位點(diǎn)(可能性大于85%)。
1.5多態(tài)性位點(diǎn)的群體檢測(cè)與基因分型
每個(gè)個(gè)體PCR擴(kuò)增GPR147基因5′調(diào)控區(qū)序列,PCR產(chǎn)物直接送北京華大基因有限公司測(cè)序,檢測(cè)其多態(tài)位點(diǎn)基因型。
1.6數(shù)據(jù)處理
根據(jù)產(chǎn)蛋率是否高于60%,將產(chǎn)蛋期分為前期(20~25周齡)、中期(26~44周齡)和后期(45~56周齡)3個(gè)階段,統(tǒng)計(jì)各階段每只雞產(chǎn)蛋數(shù),300 天產(chǎn)蛋數(shù)及產(chǎn)蛋全期總產(chǎn)蛋數(shù)。
用R軟件的Genetics程序包來(lái)計(jì)算分析各個(gè)多態(tài)位點(diǎn)的群體遺傳學(xué)特征。用SAS8.2軟件包的GLM程序?qū)⒉煌鄳B(tài)位點(diǎn)及其單倍型與產(chǎn)蛋性狀進(jìn)行關(guān)聯(lián)分析,統(tǒng)計(jì)模型:Yij=μ+Gi+eij,其中,Yij為性狀表型值,μ為該性狀的總體均值,Gi為基因型效應(yīng)值,eij為隨機(jī)殘差效應(yīng)[12]。計(jì)算基因的加性效應(yīng)、顯性效應(yīng),并進(jìn)行t檢驗(yàn)分析。用PHASE軟件(V2.0)估計(jì)每個(gè)個(gè)體多態(tài)位點(diǎn)的單倍型。
2結(jié)果
2.1GPR147基因的多態(tài)性
混池模板PCR擴(kuò)增后,用1%瓊脂糖凝膠電泳檢測(cè),結(jié)果如圖1所示,片段大小與911 bp相符,特異性好。單克隆測(cè)序結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),壽光雞GPR147基因5′調(diào)控區(qū)有11個(gè)SNP位點(diǎn):-660(G→A)、-602(C→T)、-593(T→C)、-579(A→G)、-562(C→A)、-523(T→G)、-516(A→G)、-489(A→G)、-435(C→T)、-427(T→G/C)、-357(G→C/A)。根據(jù)測(cè)序結(jié)果可以判斷個(gè)體基因型,單峰為純合子,雙峰為雜合子[13](圖2)。
各位點(diǎn)用TFSEARCH在線(xiàn)軟件預(yù)測(cè),發(fā)現(xiàn)突變后-660位點(diǎn)失去CDP CR轉(zhuǎn)錄因子結(jié)合位點(diǎn)(得分為88.1),-602位點(diǎn)失去USF轉(zhuǎn)錄因子結(jié)合位點(diǎn)(得分為86.6),-579位點(diǎn)失去GATA-1(得分為91.0)和GATA-2(得分為90.9)轉(zhuǎn)錄因子結(jié)合位點(diǎn),-562、-489位點(diǎn)失去MZF1(得分分別為89.6、85.2)轉(zhuǎn)錄因子結(jié)合位點(diǎn),-427位點(diǎn)失去RORalp轉(zhuǎn)錄因子結(jié)合位點(diǎn)(得分為87.5)。其余位點(diǎn)堿基突變后,轉(zhuǎn)錄因子結(jié)合位點(diǎn)沒(méi)有變化,其中-593位點(diǎn)的轉(zhuǎn)錄因子結(jié)合位點(diǎn)為GATA-1(得分為98.4)和GATA-2(得分為87.0)。
2.2GPR147基因5′調(diào)控區(qū)SNPs位點(diǎn)在壽光雞群體中的分布
GPR147基因5′調(diào)控區(qū)SNPs位點(diǎn)群體遺傳學(xué)分析結(jié)果見(jiàn)表1。χ2檢驗(yàn)表明,-602、-562、-523三個(gè)多態(tài)位點(diǎn)處于Hardy-Weinberg平衡狀態(tài)(P>0.05),其余位點(diǎn)未達(dá)到Hardy-Weinberg平衡狀態(tài)(P<0.05)。-660、-593、-579位點(diǎn)的多態(tài)信息含量分別為0.25、0.27和0.26,呈中度多態(tài)(0.25≤PIC<0.5),其余位點(diǎn)均呈低度多態(tài)(PIC<0.25)[14]。
表1GPR147基因5′調(diào)控區(qū)SNPs位點(diǎn)的群體遺傳學(xué)分析結(jié)果
Table1The results of population genetic analysis on SNPs in 5′UTR ofGPR147
用SHEsis軟件分析各位點(diǎn)間的連鎖關(guān)系,發(fā)現(xiàn)-602、-562、-523三個(gè)位點(diǎn)完全連鎖(D′=1,r2=1)[14],-516、-489兩個(gè)位點(diǎn)完全連鎖(D′=1,r2=1),-593和-579位點(diǎn)不完全連鎖(D′=1,r2=0.928)。
2.3單位點(diǎn)多態(tài)性與壽光雞產(chǎn)蛋性狀的關(guān)聯(lián)分析
對(duì)壽光雞群體GPR147基因-593和-579兩個(gè)多態(tài)位點(diǎn)的單位點(diǎn)與產(chǎn)蛋性狀進(jìn)行關(guān)聯(lián)分析,結(jié)果見(jiàn)表2。由表2可知,-593和-579位點(diǎn)的不同基因型在后期產(chǎn)蛋量和56周總產(chǎn)蛋數(shù)有顯著差異(P<0.05)。在-593位點(diǎn),TT型個(gè)體后期產(chǎn)蛋數(shù)比CC型多4.3枚,比CT型多4.7枚;TT型個(gè)體56周產(chǎn)蛋數(shù)比CC型多6.1枚,比CT型多6.5枚。等位基因T與C相比能使雞后期產(chǎn)蛋數(shù)增加2.2枚,56周產(chǎn)蛋總數(shù)增加3.0枚。-579位點(diǎn)AA基因型對(duì)應(yīng)較高產(chǎn)蛋數(shù),AA型個(gè)體后期產(chǎn)蛋數(shù)比AG型多4.1枚,比GG型多5.1枚;56周產(chǎn)蛋數(shù)AA型個(gè)體比AG型多4.4枚,比GG型多8.8枚;等位基因A與等位基因G相比能使雞的中期產(chǎn)蛋量增加1.5枚,后期產(chǎn)蛋數(shù)增加2.5枚,56周產(chǎn)蛋總數(shù)增加4.4枚。
其余低度多態(tài)位點(diǎn),由于基因型頻率差別太大,分析結(jié)果沒(méi)有代表性,因此未作關(guān)聯(lián)分析。
表2不同位點(diǎn)基因型對(duì)產(chǎn)蛋性狀的最小二乘均數(shù)及等位基因的遺傳效應(yīng)
Table 2Least squares means and allele genetic effects for laying traits at each locus
P<0.05表示該位點(diǎn)在該性狀不同基因型之間差異顯著;同一位點(diǎn)同一列標(biāo)有不同字母的兩均數(shù)間差異顯著(P<0.05)。*.P<0.05;**.P<0.01。AE為加性效應(yīng)的縮寫(xiě);DE為顯性效應(yīng)的縮寫(xiě)。下表同
P<0.05 indicates that different genotypes at this locus differ significantly in this trait.Value within the same column at the same locus with different superscripts differ significantly (P<0.05).*.P<0.05;**.P<0.01.AE.Additive effect;DE.Dominant effect.The same as below
2.4多位點(diǎn)聯(lián)合基因型及單倍型對(duì)壽光雞產(chǎn)蛋性能的效應(yīng)分析
在該群體中,-593和-579位點(diǎn)有4種聯(lián)合基因型:TA/TA、TA/CG、CA/CG、CG/CG,其中CA/CG型只有10個(gè)個(gè)體,頻率低于5%,因此不作分析。對(duì)其他3種聯(lián)合基因型與產(chǎn)蛋性狀進(jìn)行關(guān)聯(lián)分析,結(jié)果見(jiàn)表3。由表3可知,-593、-579位點(diǎn)不同聯(lián)合基因型對(duì)后期產(chǎn)蛋數(shù)和56周總產(chǎn)蛋量有顯著影響(P<0.05),表現(xiàn)為后期產(chǎn)蛋數(shù)TA/TA型比TA/CG型多4.7枚,比CG/CG多5.1枚,總產(chǎn)蛋數(shù)TA/TA型比TA/CG型多6.5枚,比CG/CG多8.8枚。加性效應(yīng)及顯性效應(yīng)分析結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),單倍型TA與單倍型CG相比,中期產(chǎn)蛋量多1.5枚(P=0.041 8),后期產(chǎn)蛋量多2.5枚(P=0.032 6),300天產(chǎn)蛋量多1.6枚(P=0.1),56周總產(chǎn)蛋量多4.4枚(P=0.014 4)。
表3兩個(gè)位點(diǎn)聯(lián)合基因型的最小二乘均數(shù)及單倍型的遺傳效應(yīng)
Table 3Least squares means by combined genotypes and haplotype genetic effects
3討論
本研究在壽光雞GPR147基因5′調(diào)控區(qū)發(fā)現(xiàn)了11個(gè)SNPs位點(diǎn),其中3個(gè)為中度多態(tài),8個(gè)為低度多態(tài),并且哈代溫伯格平衡檢驗(yàn)發(fā)現(xiàn)只有3個(gè)位點(diǎn)處于Hardy-Weinberg平衡狀態(tài)(P>0.05),原因可能與該群體的育種措施造成的偏離有關(guān)。在群體中發(fā)現(xiàn),-602、-562、-523位點(diǎn)只有兩種基因型,可能是該群體的人工選擇造成的。
本研究發(fā)現(xiàn),-579位點(diǎn)多態(tài)性對(duì)56周產(chǎn)蛋量和后期產(chǎn)蛋量有顯著影響(P<0.05)。TFSEARCH在線(xiàn)軟件預(yù)測(cè)發(fā)現(xiàn),-579位點(diǎn)由堿基A突變成堿基G后,失去GATA-1(得分為91.0)和GATA-2(得分為90.9)轉(zhuǎn)錄因子結(jié)合位點(diǎn)。哺乳動(dòng)物研究表明,GATA家族對(duì)類(lèi)固醇發(fā)生、性別決定和分化等過(guò)程有著不可或缺的作用[15]。小鼠GATA-2基因通過(guò)與PIT1相互作用,調(diào)節(jié)生長(zhǎng)激素細(xì)胞、催乳素細(xì)胞、促性腺激素細(xì)胞和促甲狀腺激素細(xì)胞的生成,并能降低促性腺激素細(xì)胞中LHβ的表達(dá)[16-19]。因此-579位點(diǎn)很可能是因?yàn)槭ATA-1和GATA-2轉(zhuǎn)錄因子結(jié)合位點(diǎn)影響了基因表達(dá)。-593位點(diǎn)由堿基T突變成C,轉(zhuǎn)錄因子結(jié)合位點(diǎn)沒(méi)有變化,為GATA-1(得分為98.4)和GATA-2(得分為87.0),其多態(tài)性對(duì)產(chǎn)蛋性狀的影響可能是通過(guò)轉(zhuǎn)錄因子結(jié)合方式的改變或與其他位點(diǎn)(比如-579位點(diǎn))連鎖造成的。
單位點(diǎn)多態(tài)性分析,-593位點(diǎn)等位基因T與C相比能使雞后期產(chǎn)蛋數(shù)增加2.2枚,56周產(chǎn)蛋總數(shù)增加3.0枚。-579位點(diǎn)等位基因A與G相比能使雞的中期產(chǎn)蛋量增加1.5枚,后期產(chǎn)蛋數(shù)增加2.5枚,56周產(chǎn)蛋總數(shù)增加4.4枚。單倍型分析發(fā)現(xiàn),單倍型TA與單倍型CG相比,中期產(chǎn)蛋量多1.5枚,后期產(chǎn)蛋量多2.5枚,56周總產(chǎn)蛋量多4.4枚。由此可以看出單倍型加性效應(yīng)與-579位點(diǎn)的加性效應(yīng)相同,進(jìn)一步可以推測(cè)單倍型效應(yīng)可能主要是-579位點(diǎn)的作用,-593位點(diǎn)的效應(yīng)是連鎖作用的結(jié)果。
4結(jié)論
壽光雞GPR147基因5′調(diào)控區(qū)-593和-579位點(diǎn)的多態(tài)性對(duì)產(chǎn)蛋數(shù)有影響,單倍型TA個(gè)體擁有相對(duì)較高的中期產(chǎn)蛋數(shù)、后期產(chǎn)蛋數(shù)、300天產(chǎn)蛋量以及56周總產(chǎn)蛋量。因此,單倍型TA是具有潛在應(yīng)用價(jià)值的分子遺傳標(biāo)記,可為壽光雞產(chǎn)蛋性狀的標(biāo)記輔助選擇提供依據(jù)。
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(編輯郭云雁)
Association of Polymorphisms in the 5′ Regulatory Region ofGPR147 with Laying Performance in Shouguang Chickens
JIA Mei-ting,LI Xian-yao,KANG Li,JIANG Yun-liang,F(xiàn)AN Xin-zhong,TANG Hui*
(CollegeofAnimalScienceandVeterinaryMedicine,ShandongAgriculturalUniversity,Tai’an271018,China)
Key words:chicken;laying traits;GPR147 gene;polymorphism
Abstract:To investigate the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) ofGPR147 gene and the correlations between SNPs and laying traits,the SNPs in the 5′ regulatory region ofGPR147 of Shouguang chicken were detected by direct sequencing method and their associations with laying traits of Shouguang chickens were analyzed.The results showed that there were 11 SNPs loci in the 5′ regulatory region ofGPR147 gene detected in the population.The -593 and -579 loci had significant effects on egg production from 45- to 56-week-old and total egg number until 56-week-old (P<0.05).Genotype TT at the -593 locus and AA at -579 locus were associated with higher egg production.Haplotype analysis of the 2 loci showed that hens with haplotype TA laid 1.5,2.5,1.6 and 4.4 eggs more than that with haplotype CG during 26-44 weeks of age (P=0.041 8),45-56 weeks of age (P=0.032 6),the period until 300 days of age (P=0.1) and the total period until 56 weeks of age (P=0.014 4),respectively.In summary,the 5′ regulatory region of theGPR147 has highly polymorphic,SNPs and haplotypes at -593 and -579 loci have significant impacts on the egg number of Shouguang chickens,and they can be used as potential and valuable candidate molecular markers.
doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2016.01.005
收稿日期:2015-01-21
基金項(xiàng)目:山東省現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)技術(shù)體系項(xiàng)目(SDAIT-13-011-02)
作者簡(jiǎn)介:賈美婷(1989-),女,山東濟(jì)寧人,碩士生,主要從事動(dòng)物遺傳與育種研究,E-mail:jiameiting2008@163.com *通信作者:唐輝,副教授,碩士生導(dǎo)師,E-mail:tanghui@sdau.edu.cn
中圖分類(lèi)號(hào):S813.2
文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼:A
文章編號(hào):0366-6964(2016)01-0034-07