閆建明

【中圖分類號(hào)】G633.4 【文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼】A 【文章編號(hào)】2095-3089（2016）01-0122-01

最近，聽了一位青年教師《定語從句中關(guān)系代詞的操練與鞏固》的一堂課。這位青年教師在前幾節(jié)課著重給學(xué)生講述了定語從句的特點(diǎn)以及關(guān)系代詞功能、意義及用法。這節(jié)課的教學(xué)目標(biāo)是關(guān)系代詞的操練與鞏固。課堂上教師給了學(xué)生30道多項(xiàng)選擇題，學(xué)生限時(shí)做完，然后教師公布答案并講解。整個(gè)課堂活動(dòng)單一，致使教學(xué)目標(biāo)沒有很好的達(dá)成。為了幫助這位青年教師成長(zhǎng)，我們開展了以下幫扶活動(dòng)。

一、指導(dǎo)這位青年教師閱讀并理解以下關(guān)于語法教學(xué)的理論知識(shí)

（1）《普通高中英語課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)（實(shí)驗(yàn)）》 （江蘇教育出版社P69）指出：高中語法教學(xué)要從用的角度出發(fā)，要發(fā)展學(xué)生比較強(qiáng)的語法意識(shí)，也就是說，語法教學(xué)不能局限在語法的范疇內(nèi)，必須與邏輯思維聯(lián)系起來，與人說話的意識(shí)聯(lián)系起來，與篇章語境聯(lián)系起來，與文化聯(lián)系起來等。

（2）語法學(xué)習(xí)包含三個(gè)階段：語法知識(shí)的習(xí)得歸納階段、語法功能的理解階段、語法功能的運(yùn)用階段。也就是說，我們的語法教學(xué)要從語法知識(shí)，對(duì)應(yīng)語法知識(shí)的功能和運(yùn)用三個(gè)方面完成（對(duì)于語法教學(xué)，我們長(zhǎng)期只停留在對(duì)語法知識(shí)的歸納和總結(jié)層次，而忽視了語法功能的理解和運(yùn)用）。

（3）在Teaching Language：From grammar to grammaring （作者： 拉森·弗里曼）一書中作者指出 ：不應(yīng)把語法視為一套靜止的規(guī)則， 而應(yīng)把它當(dāng)成一種與聽說讀寫并行的技能教給學(xué)生。為此，她造了一個(gè)詞grammaring， 用來指“準(zhǔn)確， 有意義而且得體地使用語法結(jié)構(gòu)的能力。從這本書中我們可以感悟到語法技能是英語學(xué)習(xí)最基本的技能之一。語法技能是指學(xué)生用不同的語言形式（語法結(jié)構(gòu)）來獲取信息（即聽、讀）和表達(dá)信息（說、寫）的能力，而不是做語法題的能力。

二、按照以上理論知識(shí)重新設(shè)計(jì)《定語從句中關(guān)系代詞的操練與鞏固》一課

語法結(jié)構(gòu)：relative clauses introduced by who/whom/which/that/whose

語法功能：識(shí)別、描述或補(bǔ)充說明主句中作先行詞的名詞

活動(dòng)目的：用于該語法結(jié)構(gòu)的操練與鞏固

活動(dòng)形式：making dialogues； describing places of interest； writing diary

活動(dòng)步驟：

Step 1：

Complete the following letter from your pen friend， using relative pronouns. （設(shè)計(jì)意圖：通過閱讀文章、理解信息的內(nèi)容，填寫恰當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系代詞，復(fù)習(xí)定語從句中關(guān)系代詞的用法，為以下的操練運(yùn)用做準(zhǔn)備）

Dear Lin，

I received the letter ______ you sent me last week. Thank you for sending me the photos ______ remind me of the Chinese Spring Festival. How are those friends ______ I came to know at Sues party？ I still remember the tall girl ______ umbrella I mistook and how I was allowed to keep it as a gift.

Last time you asked about the meaning of buffalo wings. Actually， buffalo wings are chicken wings and drumsticks ______ are fried in oil. After being fried， they are covered in a red hot pepper sauce and butter. The usual places ______ sell buffalo wings are bars. I especially like the buffalo wings from “Farmers Arms”， ______ sauce is so hot and spicy that I must drink cold beer to cool off my mouth.

By the way， I have bought the English book ______ you want. My father has asked his colleague， ______ is leaving for Korla next week， to bring it to you. How I wish we could meet again soon.

Best wishes.

Vivan

Step 2：

1.In pairs， discuss what kind of pen friend you would like to have by substituting the underlined part in the given dialogue. （設(shè)計(jì)意圖： 通過情景對(duì)話，與筆友談?wù)摾硐胫械木包c(diǎn)，操練which/that引導(dǎo)定語從句的用法）

A：What kind of person would you like to have as a pen friend？

B：I would like to have one whose native language is English， so we can communicate in English. How about you？

A：I prefer to have one who has the same interests and hobbies as I do， so we will have a lot to share.

2.Suppose you are talking with your pen friend about where to go during his/her visit. In pairs， complete the following dialogue.

A：I am going to show you around the city. Any place you would particularly like to see？

B：I would like to go to those small towns .

A： Thats just what I am thinking of. Anything else？

B： Places ________________________ are also a good choice at this time of year.

A： Oh， yes. We can take nice photos there.

Step 3：

Describe a place of interest in Korla by combining the sentences with relative clause as attributes. （設(shè)計(jì)意圖：學(xué)生通過對(duì)信息進(jìn)行合理的組合，對(duì)庫爾勒的游覽景點(diǎn)作介紹。要求學(xué)生運(yùn)用定語從句進(jìn)行描述，使相關(guān)信息更豐富，句子結(jié)構(gòu)更多樣化，也為接下來寫日記活動(dòng)做好語言準(zhǔn)備。 學(xué)生可以用不同方式表達(dá)。）

A：Peacock River

Peacock river is called “Mother River” by the citizens.

It runs across the center of the city.

Many swans spend winter on the river.

Step 4：

Write a diary with the title “A day with my pen friend”. The diary should include the information about your pen friend， the means of transport and the place you have visited. （設(shè)計(jì)意圖：通過對(duì)一天游覽活動(dòng)的描寫，要求學(xué)生綜合操練定語從句，正確運(yùn)用關(guān)系代詞。通過以上練習(xí)，學(xué)生將無生命的語法規(guī)則變成鮮活的語法技能，在真實(shí)情景中學(xué)生不知不覺地用語法結(jié)構(gòu)、功能獲取信息和表達(dá)信息）

通過以上幫扶活動(dòng)，這位青年教師真正理解了語法教學(xué)的目的和意義并掌握了一定的教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)思路，并在后續(xù)的課堂教學(xué)中收到了良好教學(xué)效果。