陳碎仍
一、簡單句也高級,形容詞(短語)有妙用
首先,如果是形容詞(短語)充當(dāng)狀語,那么它在句子中所起到的作用有兩種情況:一是說明句子的謂語動詞發(fā)生時(shí)主語所處的狀態(tài),一是說明句子謂語動詞發(fā)生的原因。
[例1]He stood there, still, except that his lips moved slightly. 他站在那里,一動也沒動,只有嘴唇在輕微地抖動。(still說明主語stood時(shí)所處的狀態(tài))
[例2]Hungry, they walked into the restaurant. 由于饑餓,他們走進(jìn)了一家餐館。(hungry 說明了他們走進(jìn)餐館的原因)
寫作點(diǎn)撥:巧用形容詞(短語)作狀語,可把句子由復(fù)合句變成高級的簡單句。
[例3] 覺得筋疲力盡,我爬上床,很快就睡著了。
Exhausted(=As I was exhausted),I slid into bed and fell fast asleep.
[例4]我熟悉本地的風(fēng)土人情和文化,并能為客人做相關(guān)的介紹。
Familiar with our local custom and culture(=As Im familiar with...),I will be able to make any related introduction to the visitors.
二、簡單句也靈動,副詞/介詞短語顯神通
副詞/介詞(短語)在句子中作狀語時(shí),通常表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、頻度、程度、方式等,其位置可在句首、句中、句末。但當(dāng)多個狀語連用時(shí),一般遵循先單詞、后短語;先地點(diǎn)、后時(shí)間;先小概念、后大概念的順序。在英語寫作中,靈活地將副詞與介詞短語相互結(jié)合起來,不但可使一個簡單句結(jié)構(gòu)更加巧妙,也是學(xué)生不俗表達(dá)能力的體現(xiàn)。
[例5]He went out of the room at a quarter to 23:00 last night and then disappeared into the dark. 他昨夜22點(diǎn)45分從房間里出來,然后消失在黑夜之中。
[例6]Well gather at the Students Club at 8 pm. this Friday, after the evening classes. 我們將在周五晚上8點(diǎn),晚自習(xí)后在學(xué)生俱樂部集合。(2012 大綱卷)
[例7]Id like to invite you to join us for a visit to the nearby nursing home next Saturday for the Double Ninth Festival. 我們想邀請你下星期六和我們一起去附近的敬老院陪老人們過重陽節(jié)。(2015 課標(biāo)卷Ⅱ)
寫作點(diǎn)撥一:表示頻度的副詞放在be動詞、情態(tài)動詞或助動詞之后。
[例8]He is always late for school. 他上課總遲到。
[例9]I have never seen such a good person. 我從未見過這么好的人。
寫作點(diǎn)撥二:借助評注性狀語使語言更簡練。
[例10]It is important that many people in our city have come to realize the importance of helping the disabled.→More importantly, many people in our city have come to realize the importance of helping the disabled. 重要的是,我們城市中的很多人已經(jīng)意識到幫助殘疾人的重要性了。
相類似的評注性狀語還有:obviously, clearly, undoubtedly, surprisingly, unbelievably, fortunately, unfortunately, luckily, unluckily等等。
三、從屬連詞架橋梁,句間邏輯更順暢
在復(fù)合句中起狀語作用的從句叫狀語從句。狀語從句由從屬連詞引導(dǎo),按其意義可分為時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、目的、結(jié)果、條件、比較、方式、讓步等。
[例11]只要有趣有益,任何相關(guān)的東西你都可以寫。(2015 課標(biāo)卷Ⅰ)
You can write anything relevant so/as long as it is interesting and informative.
[例12]它(Global Mirror 周報(bào))兼顧國內(nèi)外新聞,以使我能了解到一周發(fā)生的一切重要事件。(2011 大綱卷)
It covers both national and international news so that I can learn about all important things that have happened during the week.
[例13]我從小喜愛大熊貓。(2008 全國卷Ⅰ)
I have been a panda lover since I was a child.
[例14]若有任何問題,請致電44876655。(2010全國卷Ⅰ)
Please call me at 44876655, if you have any questions.
寫作點(diǎn)撥:恰當(dāng)運(yùn)用高級連詞可以提高句子檔次。
[例15]他一到我們就點(diǎn)亮蠟燭,一同唱響生日歌。(2012大綱卷)
When he comes, well light the candles and sing“Happy Birthday”together for him.
→Well light the candles and sing “Happy Birthday”together for him as soon as / the minute / immediately, directly / instantly he comes.
四、活用非謂語,句式百變、更簡練
1. 不定式短語作狀語
不定式短語作狀語通常表示目的、結(jié)果(出乎意料的),但邏輯主語一般是句子的主語。
[例16]聽到槍聲,他迅速跑到樓下,結(jié)果卻發(fā)現(xiàn)她躺在地板上,失去了知覺。
On hearing the shot, he rushed downstairs, only to find her lying unconscious on the floor.
[例17]我,代表學(xué)生會,寫這封信,倡議所有的高三學(xué)生在高考后捐出自己的參考資料,如舊參考書,筆記本,微型字典等等。
On behalf of the Students Union, I am writing to call on / appeal to all Senior 3 students to donate your reference materials such as the old reference books, notebooks, pocket dictionaries and so on, after the college entrance examination.
2. 現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞短語作狀語
分詞在句中充當(dāng)狀語時(shí)一般表示原因、時(shí)間、方式、伴隨、結(jié)果、讓步或條件等,相當(dāng)于相應(yīng)的狀語從句。
寫作點(diǎn)撥:借助分詞作狀語,一方面可使你文章的句式呈現(xiàn)多樣化,一方面也使句子更簡練;但是要注意其邏輯主語必須是主句中的主語(意料之中的結(jié)果狀語例外)。
[例18]聽了這個消息,她的眼淚都流出來了。
→When she heard the news, tears came to her eyes.
→Hearing the news, she burst into tears.
[例19]不幸的是,他的父親離世,這使得他的家庭更加貧困。
→Unfortunately, his father died, leaving his family even worse off.(人教版Module 4 Unit 3中課文中的句子)
[例20]Tracy來電留言說,因有要事,明早咖啡屋見面取消。(2009全國卷Ⅰ)
→Tracy called, saying that she couldnt meet you at Bolton Coffee tomorrow morning as she has something important to attend to.
總而言之,寫作是考生綜合能力的體現(xiàn),需要長期的點(diǎn)滴積累(尤其是對課本中重點(diǎn)單詞、短語和句型的掌握等等)和在運(yùn)用中的不斷修正,讓我們繼續(xù)努力吧。
責(zé)任編輯 蔣小青