Comparison and Translation of English and Chinese Animal Idioms

苗松旸

【Abstract】There are a lot of animal idioms in both English and Chinese which make a language more vivid and special. While， the modes of thinking and cultural background are different in English and Chinese， so the implication of the same animals are possibly different.

【Key words】English and Chinese； animal idioms； implication； translation strategies

1. Comparison of English and Chinese Animal Idioms

（1） Coincidence in the implied meaning of English and Chinese animal idioms

On the one hand， the features of some animal images in English are equal to those of Chinese， and this kind of phenomenon is called cultural overlaps. For example， we both have donkey in English and Chinese to express obstinate and stupid， and “as obstinate as a donkey” is used to describe someone who is stubborn. On the other hand， some animal idioms express a kind of quality of a person or a object that is similar to that of the animal involved. For example， when the “raven” stands for “black”， it can be used both in English and Chinese， like “as black as a raven” （黑得像烏鴉）.

（2） Diversities in the implication of English and Chinese animal idioms

In this case， the frequently seen example is “dragon”. In Chinese culture， “dragon” is the symbol of Chinese nation， China is the hometown of “dragon” and we Chinese are the descendents of “dragon”. We have many kinds of animal idioms with “dragon”， such as “望子成龍”， “龍飛鳳舞”. However， “dragon” in western culture is treated as a symbol of disaster and evil. In literature， we often see the dragon is killed by a hero after a horrible fight.

（3） Vacancies in the implicaion of English and Chinese animal idioms

Owing to several reasons， a kind of animal may have an implied meaning in one language but dont have such implied meaning in another one， or in another country there is no such kind of animals at all. For example， “鴛鴦”（mandarin duck）. For mandarin ducks often appear in pairs， Chinese take mandarin ducks as lovebirds and use “鴛鴦戲水”， “鴛鴦璧合” and other idioms to express true love. But in English， “鴛鴦” is rarely known by people， not to mention its meaning.

2. Translation Strategies of English and Chinese Animal Idioms

（1） Literal translation

In English and Chinese， there are some animals which are used to be compared to the same implied meaning. In this case， the animal idioms can be translated directly into the target language， for example， “fish in troubled water” belongs to coincidences in implied meaning. In both Chinese and English， there happens to be the same meaning， therefore， it is translated into Chinese directly “渾水摸魚”.

（2） Alternative translation

When different animals in two languages have the same or similar implication， the animal in one idiom is translated into another animal in the target language. We need to find the animal with the same meaning in the target language to replace it to make readers from different cultural backgrounds understand， such as “the black sheep” is translated into “害群之馬” in Chinese. We have known that sheep doesnt have the same corresponding animal in Chinese， however， “馬” happens to be compared to the similar meaning.

（3） Free translation

The same animal may have different meanings in two languages. Therefore， we should translate these idioms according to their meanings. The most representative one is “dog”. A dog is a humble animal in Chinese culture and the idiom with it are mostly negative， such as “狐朋狗友”， “狼心狗肺”. While， a dog in English has the opposite meaning， so when translating， one ought to pay attention to it， for example “a lucky dog” means “幸運兒” in Chinese. We cant translate the idiom directly into Chinese like “幸運狗”， which will definitely cause misunderstanding in intercultural communication.

（4） Filling-up translation

Some animal idioms in English and Chinese originate from its special literature， religion or custom， so their corresponding images cant be found in the target language. For example “a fly （butterfly） on the wheel” from Aesops Fables refers to someone who thinks that he himself has great ability. In this case， its better to translate the idioms literally and to add its inner meaning at the same time， for example， “kangaroo court”-“袋鼠法庭（a court by a group of people who have no legal rights to judge but still organize a court secretly to decide someones conduct）”.

References：

[1]歐憶.賈德江.英漢動物類習(xí)語比較及翻譯[J].中國科技翻譯，2001.

[2]馬紅梅.魯光偉.英漢動物習(xí)語對比及翻譯策略[J].甘肅科技，2012.

[3]Kramsch，C.Language and Culture[M].Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press，2000.