黃春芳
一、介紹部分
1.簡述
搭積木的游戲相信很多同學(xué)都玩過,看似簡單的一塊塊積木,通過你的想象,你的安排,可以搭成高樓、汽車、飛機等。
同學(xué)們也一定看到過身邊的高樓大廈,有時不由得讓人贊嘆:好美啊!可是你想過沒有,其實這些高樓大廈也是一塊塊磚一塊塊瓦、一根根梁如同搭積木般慢慢造起來的。
很多同學(xué)對我說,英語作文好難啊,不知道自己該怎么寫,也沒什么可寫。
那么我說,不妨你就把英語作文當(dāng)做一次搭積木的游戲好了,這就是我們今天要給大家介紹的巧搭積木法。
巧搭積木法,是指先把英語作文化整為零,把英語作文變成圍繞主題講一句話,講幾句話。然后,以這些素材為積木,通過一定的構(gòu)思,巧妙搭起來,成為一篇英語作文。
2.適用
本方法適用于初學(xué)英語作文、感到寫作文有點無從下手的同學(xué)。
3.操作
使用巧搭積木法,一般過程如下:
(1)析題
大家應(yīng)該都還記得南轅北轍這個成語故事吧,說從前有一個人,從魏國到楚國去,他帶了很多盤纏,雇了上好的車,駕上了駿馬,請了駕車技術(shù)精湛的車夫,就上路了,楚國在魏國的南面,這個人不問青紅皂白讓駕車的人趕著馬車一直朝北走去。
那個魏國人不首先明確自己該去的方向,仗著自己馬快、錢多、車夫技術(shù)精,朝著相反方向一意孤行,那么,他跑得越快,就會離目的地越遠,因為他的大方向錯了。
英語作文也要首先明確自己該去的方向,所以,最關(guān)鍵的第一步就是要析題,認真看清題目的要求,免得也犯南轅北轍的錯誤。
例如:有一個的題目是My friend,看了這個題目,就應(yīng)該進行分析,它要求我們寫的重點是什么?是my?還是friend?很明顯,是friend,還是my friend,不是our friend,也不是my friends。審清了題目,我們就明白了目標(biāo),不會忙了半天,結(jié)果和故事里的魏國人一樣的下場。
(2)準(zhǔn)備積木材料
明確了目標(biāo),我們就要開始準(zhǔn)備我們的積木材料了。根據(jù)題目的要求,可以把能圍繞這個題目說的話,一句一句都找出來,寫在草稿紙上,作為等會搭積木的材料。
因為只要圍繞著題目,不用考慮什么順序,而且每次最少只要一句話,相信同學(xué)們不會覺得這是一個很困難的事情。
仍以上面的my friend為例,圍繞這個題目,我們可以寫出:
My friend is xxx.
Xxx is a boy/gril.
He/she is...等很多可以寫。
材料越多,積木搭起來成功的希望就越大,所以,這里積木要盡可能多一點。
(3)挑選積木搭建與裝飾
小時候和小朋友一起搭積木,我總是不明白:為什么我和他們一起搭房子,但每次總有小朋友搭的房子比我的漂亮。后來我才搞明白,原來那幾塊漂亮的積木先被他們挑選去了,怪不得。
后來我懂了,有了一大堆積木,我們要搭建漂亮的房子,首先要選擇我們需要的漂亮積木。于是,我也搭出了最漂亮的房子。
其實,英語作文也是這樣的。在寫出來的一大堆材料里,我們要根據(jù)題目的要求進行選擇,挑選一些我們認為比較好的,比較適合的“積木”,為下面的搭建做準(zhǔn)備。
以上面的my friend為例,我們在那一堆積木材料里,應(yīng)該挑選一些自己認為必須說的話,作為我們正式搭建的材料。
看到這里,也許很多學(xué)生會說:“喔,我懂了,我會了!”然后就去寫英語作文了。且慢,你這就走?。磕阍旆孔拥脑?,很可能和動畫片《沒頭腦與不高興》里的那位沒頭腦一樣,造了88層的高樓,就是忘記設(shè)計電梯,不是有了材料就一定能搭好積木的。
有了材料,搭建的設(shè)計很重要。先放什么,后放什么,只有按照正確順序,才能搭好一個作品。英語作文也是一樣。
還是以上面的例子為例,介紹你的朋友,一般總是先介紹下他的名字,如果本人不在,有時候還會介紹下性別,然后是介紹他的特點,比如說長得高大,或是聰明、勇敢之類。必要時舉一個實例說明你的朋友的這一特點,而不能沒有次序地一股腦全說出來,讓聽介紹的人聽了半天還迷迷糊糊。
要注重培養(yǎng)用英語思維的好習(xí)慣。在寫作時,要想想所學(xué)過的、讀過的、聽過的英語對于有關(guān)內(nèi)容是如何表達的,也就是說,從開始構(gòu)思時就要步入英語,千萬不要先想漢語,后想英語。
搭建過程中還要注意裝飾,比如該大小寫的地方、該簡稱的地方等。這些看似小事,但對一篇文章來說,也是馬虎不得的。
4.注意
運用巧搭積木法應(yīng)該注意,我們需要的是巧搭,不是瞎七八搭,因此,在選積木和搭建上,要注意根據(jù)題目要求,采用合適的材料,合適的順序和方法,把句子這一“積木材料”合理組織,成為一篇符合要求的英語作文。
二、例證部分
巧搭積木法例證1.The plant
首先第一步,析題。題目要求的是the plant,我們的文章應(yīng)該圍繞plant來做。
第二步,準(zhǔn)備積木材料。我們圍繞這個話題,可以寫出以下一些句子:
Look.It is a plant.Its name is Lily.I put the plant on the desk.The plant has a stalk.Its strong.The plant has a flower.The flower is red.The flower is big.There is a bee on the flower.The bee has a big body.The bee has a small head.The bee has two nice wings.The bee has six legs.The bee is yellow and black.The bee is happy.The plant has many roots.Theyre long.The plant has eight green leaves.The plant is beautiful.The plant is nice.I like the plant.
...
第三步,在很多句子中挑選合適的材料,通過合適的順序搭建,加上必要的修飾,比如大小寫、代詞的運用等。像上面的這個題目,一位同學(xué)最后的作文是這樣的:
The plant
Look at the plant.Its on the desk.It is beautiful.It has a red flower.Its big.It has eight green leaves.It has a strong stalk.It has many roots.They re long.There is a bee on the flower.It is yellow and black.It has a small head and big body.It has two nice wings and six legs.It is happy on the flower.I like the plant,too.
巧搭積木法例證2.Have a picnic
同樣的,經(jīng)過析題,我們寫了以下積木材料:
It is Sunday.The sky is blue.The clouds are white.The sun is shinning.The pupils want to have a picnic in the park.They have got some eggs.
They have got some juice.The pupils are in the school.
Kitty has got a camera.It is very beautiful.Kitty likes to fly the kite.
The pupils want to have a good time.They have got cakes.They have some bread.
通過認真思考挑選,合理安排順序,最后的作文可以是這樣的:
Have a picnic
Today is Sunday.It is fine.The pupils have a picnic in the park.They have got cakes,some eggs,some juice and some bread.Kitty has got a camera.She likes to take some photographs.The pupils like to fly the kites.They are very happy.They have a good time.
巧搭積木法例證3.On the farm
Farm農(nóng)場這個話題,可以說的東西很多,花草樹木,鳥獸魚蟲,只要發(fā)揮自己合理的想象,可以說的材料是源源不斷的:
Today is Sunday.This is my fathers farmer.My friends and I are on my fathers farm.Look at the ducks.They are in the river.They are big.The ducks can swim.How many ducks?Ten.Look at the trees.The trees are green and tall.Two cats are under the trees.Two cats are in the house.Look at the animals.The animals are happy.The animals are lovely.The farm is not very big,but it is beautiful....
經(jīng)過對積木材料的挑選整理,一番修改后,一位同學(xué)的作文如下:
On the farm
Today is Sunday.My friends and I are on my fathers farm.The farm is not very big,but it is beautiful.Look at the trees.They are green and tall.Look at the flowers.They are colourful.Look at the animals.They are happy.Find the cats.Two cats are under the trees.Two cats are in the house.Look at the ducks.They can swim well.They are in the river.How many ducks?Ten ducks.How happy the animals are!
巧搭積木法例證4.About me
“我”,是一個同學(xué)們最熟悉的話題,每一個人從不同角度談?wù)?,都可以說很多:
Hello.My name is Bobby.Im little.My ears are big.My ears are long.I have a short tail.I have many friends.Mrs Bear is our teacher.She is nice.I have a big head.My head is round.I have a small nose.I have a small mouth.Im white.l have four strong legs.I have two big eyes.My eyes are red.I can run fast and jump high.Every one likes me.
Bobby想到的是剛學(xué)過的人體部位,以第一人稱的寫法,介紹了小白兔,他選擇積木材料并搭建的作文是這個樣子的:
Hello.My name is Bobby.Im white.I have a big head.It is round.I have two big eyes.They are red.I have a small nose and a small mouth.My ears are big.They are long.l have four strong legs.So I can run fast and jump high.I have a short tail.Do you know me?
看了他的作文,你是不是仿佛看到他在給小白兔畫畫?
巧搭積木法例證5.My school
My school對于同學(xué)們一點不陌生,校園、班級、教室、老師,無一不是可以說的話題。因此,準(zhǔn)備積木材料也是隨手拈來:
This is our school.It is big.It is beautiful.This is our playground.The playground is big.We can run,jump and play football on the playground.We like our playground.
We have a nice school garden.There are many tall trees and beautiful flowers in our school garden.Our school is big and beautiful.
You can see our classroom buiding.The school buildings are all clean.
There are 30classrooms and 8 offices in it.There is a library in our school.We can read books in it.
We like our school.
經(jīng)過選擇和構(gòu)思,看看這位同學(xué)寫得怎么樣?你是不是能比他寫得更好?我相信你能寫得更好。
My school
This is our school.It is big and beautiful.We have a nice school garden.There are many tall trees and beautiful flowers.The trees are green.The flowers are red.This is our playground.Its big.We can run,jump and play football on the playground.Look there,you can see our classroom buiding.There are 30 classrooms and 8offices in it.They are all clean.Beside the classroom building,there is a library.We can read books in it.We like our school.
學(xué)生的作文中出現(xiàn)錯誤是難免的,應(yīng)該允許學(xué)生在作文中犯錯,關(guān)鍵是讓學(xué)生學(xué)會從錯誤中學(xué)習(xí),給學(xué)生一個正確的語言規(guī)范。
三、總結(jié)部分
英語課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)指出說和寫是表達的技能。寫作訓(xùn)練不僅是運用知識的過程,還是發(fā)展能力和體驗情感的過程。有效的寫作訓(xùn)練不僅能夠調(diào)動學(xué)生的寫作積極性,還能使學(xué)生獲得正確的寫作技巧,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生初步的語言運用能力。
要激發(fā)學(xué)生興趣,增強自信心,提高寫作能力,體驗寫作的快樂感與成功感,就需要教師合理地運用巧搭積木法,激發(fā)學(xué)生的寫作創(chuàng)造力。
小學(xué)生英語寫作能力的培養(yǎng)需要教師堅持不懈地用合理、有效的寫作訓(xùn)練方法,開展寫作基礎(chǔ)訓(xùn)練。只要堅持長期進行寫作訓(xùn)練,不斷創(chuàng)新寫作訓(xùn)練策略,學(xué)生的寫作能力一定能提高。