齊建偉,李小慧,閆文杰,逯美朝,栗成方
?論著?
慢性心力衰竭患者QRS波時(shí)限與血漿腦鈉肽及左心室射血分?jǐn)?shù)的相關(guān)性分析
齊建偉1,李小慧1,閆文杰1,逯美朝1,栗成方1
目的研究慢性心力衰竭患者QRS波時(shí)限與血漿腦鈉肽及左心室射血分?jǐn)?shù)的相關(guān)性。方法選擇2012年1月~2014年12月在河北省平山縣人民醫(yī)院進(jìn)行診治的慢性心力衰竭患者200例為觀察組,另選60例進(jìn)行體檢的健康者為對(duì)照組。對(duì)所有研究對(duì)象進(jìn)行心電圖檢查,檢測(cè)V5導(dǎo)聯(lián)最寬QRS波時(shí)限。比較兩組的QRS波時(shí)限、血漿腦鈉肽和左心室射血分?jǐn)?shù),并進(jìn)行相關(guān)性分析。結(jié)果觀察組的QRS波時(shí)限和血漿腦鈉肽水平均明顯高于對(duì)照組(P<0.01),左心室射血分?jǐn)?shù)明顯低于對(duì)照組(P<0.01);QRS波時(shí)限≤120 ms有112例,QRS波時(shí)限>120 ms有98例,QRS波時(shí)限≤120 ms組的血漿腦鈉肽水平明顯低于QRS波時(shí)限>120 ms組(P<0.01),左心室射血分?jǐn)?shù)明顯高于QRS波時(shí)限>120 ms組(P<0.01);Pearson相關(guān)分析結(jié)果顯示,觀察組QRS波時(shí)限與血漿腦鈉肽呈明顯正相關(guān)(r=0.815,P<0.01),與左心室射血分?jǐn)?shù)呈明顯負(fù)相關(guān)(r=-0.723,P<0.01)。結(jié)論慢性心力衰竭患者體表心電圖QRS波時(shí)限明顯延長(zhǎng),且與血漿腦鈉肽及左心室射血分?jǐn)?shù)存在顯著相關(guān)關(guān)系,可作為臨床評(píng)價(jià)慢性心力衰竭患者心臟功能的重要輔助指標(biāo)。
慢性心力衰竭;QRS波時(shí)限;腦鈉肽;左心室射血分?jǐn)?shù)
慢性心力衰竭(心衰)是大部分心臟病發(fā)展的終末階段,患病率高、預(yù)后差、致死率高,確診后,一年死亡率高達(dá)40%[1]。慢性心力衰竭早期的臨床表現(xiàn)并不典型,造成臨床診斷時(shí)易發(fā)生誤診和漏診[2]。心電圖是慢性心力衰竭患者重要的常規(guī)檢查,QRS波時(shí)限代表心室除極過程的總時(shí)間,與舒張末期內(nèi)徑、左心室質(zhì)量和室壁厚度呈正相關(guān)[3]。慢性心力衰竭患者中約1/4存在QRS波時(shí)限延長(zhǎng)(≥120 ms)[4],本研究主要分析了慢性心力衰竭患者QRS波時(shí)限與血漿腦鈉肽及左心室射血分?jǐn)?shù)的相關(guān)性,現(xiàn)報(bào)告如下。
1.1研究對(duì)象入選2012年1月~2014年12月于河北省平山縣人民醫(yī)院住院的慢性心衰患者200例,作為觀察組,均符合中華醫(yī)學(xué)會(huì)心血管病學(xué)分會(huì)于2007年制定的慢性心衰的診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[5],排除嚴(yán)重瓣膜病變、惡性心律失常、合并重要臟器疾病者。其中,男性112例,女性88例;年齡38~81歲,平均(55.43±11.65)歲;NYHA分級(jí)Ⅰ級(jí)26例,Ⅱ級(jí)71例,Ⅲ級(jí)56例,Ⅳ級(jí)47例;根據(jù)QRS波時(shí)限的長(zhǎng)短分為QRS波時(shí)限≤120 ms組和QRS波時(shí)限>120 ms組。另選60例進(jìn)行體檢的健康者為對(duì)照組,男性32例,女性28例;年齡36~81歲,平均(56.32±13.15)歲。本研究獲得我院倫理委員會(huì)的批準(zhǔn),所有研究對(duì)象均簽署知情同意書。兩組人群年齡及性別構(gòu)成無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異,基線資料具有可比性(P>0.05)。
1.2方法采用日本光電ECG-91309十二導(dǎo)聯(lián)心電圖機(jī)對(duì)所有研究對(duì)象進(jìn)行心電圖檢查,檢測(cè)V5導(dǎo)聯(lián)最寬QRS波時(shí)限。采用化學(xué)發(fā)光微粒免疫分析方法對(duì)血漿腦鈉肽水平進(jìn)行測(cè)定。采用美國Philip IE33彩色多普勒超聲心動(dòng)圖儀進(jìn)行超聲心動(dòng)圖檢查,探頭頻率設(shè)置為3.5 MHz,測(cè)量左心射血分?jǐn)?shù)值。比較兩組的QRS波時(shí)限、血漿腦鈉肽和左心室射血分?jǐn)?shù),并進(jìn)行相關(guān)性分析。
1.3統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析采用SPSS15.0軟件,計(jì)量資料均符合正態(tài)分布,以(±s)表示,兩組間均數(shù)比較采用t檢驗(yàn),相關(guān)性分析用Pearson相關(guān)分析,以P<0.05表明差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2.1兩組人群QRS波時(shí)限、血漿腦鈉肽和左心室射血分?jǐn)?shù)的比較觀察組QRS波時(shí)限和血漿腦鈉肽水平均顯著高于對(duì)照組(P<0.01),左心室射血分?jǐn)?shù)顯著低于對(duì)照組(P<0.01)(表1)。
2.2不同QRS波時(shí)限組血漿腦鈉肽和左心室射血分?jǐn)?shù)的比較QRS波時(shí)限≤120 ms有112例,QRS波時(shí)限>120 ms有98例,QRS波時(shí)限≤120 ms組的血漿腦鈉肽水平明顯低于QRS波時(shí)限>120 ms組(P<0.01),左心室射血分?jǐn)?shù)明顯高于QRS波時(shí)限>120 ms組(P<0.01)(表2)。
2.3QRS波時(shí)限與血漿腦鈉肽和左心室射血分?jǐn)?shù)的相關(guān)性分析Pearson相關(guān)分析結(jié)果顯示,觀察組QRS波時(shí)限與血漿腦鈉肽呈明顯正相關(guān)(r=0.815,P<0.01),與左心室射血分?jǐn)?shù)呈明顯負(fù)相關(guān)(r=-0.723,P<0.01)。
表1 兩組QRS波時(shí)限、血漿腦鈉肽和左心室射血分?jǐn)?shù)的比較(±s)
表1 兩組QRS波時(shí)限、血漿腦鈉肽和左心室射血分?jǐn)?shù)的比較(±s)
項(xiàng)目 觀察組(n=200)對(duì)照組(n=60)P值QRS波時(shí)限(ms) 125.43±11.35 85.62±9.73?。?.01血漿腦鈉肽(ng/L) 376.12±21.65 89.45±16.24?。?.01左心室射血分?jǐn)?shù)(%)41±6 59±12 <0.01
表2 不同QRS波時(shí)限組血漿腦鈉肽和左心室射血分?jǐn)?shù)的比較(±s)
表2 不同QRS波時(shí)限組血漿腦鈉肽和左心室射血分?jǐn)?shù)的比較(±s)
項(xiàng)目QRS波時(shí)限≤120 ms組(n=112)QRS波時(shí)限>120 ms組(n=98)P值血漿腦鈉肽(ng/L) 361.12±23.45 421.56±39.15?。?.01左心室射血分?jǐn)?shù)(%) 49±07 32±08 <0.01
慢性心力衰竭是各種原因所引起的心臟收縮和舒張功能減退,導(dǎo)致心臟排血量不能滿足機(jī)體代謝需要的臨床終末階段[6]。QRS波時(shí)限能反映左右心室除極功能,正常人的 QRS波時(shí)限一般在60~110 ms 之間,由于慢性心衰患者的心臟長(zhǎng)期處在超負(fù)荷的狀態(tài)下,心肌長(zhǎng)期缺血、缺氧,心肌細(xì)胞就會(huì)發(fā)生基質(zhì)過度纖維化和病理性肥大,造成心肌重構(gòu),引起心臟電傳導(dǎo)延遲,心臟機(jī)械活動(dòng)不同步,在心電圖上則表現(xiàn)為QRS波時(shí)限延長(zhǎng),易引起心臟猝死及惡性心律失常[7-10]。QRS波時(shí)限的延長(zhǎng)在心衰的發(fā)生發(fā)展過程中是一個(gè)漸進(jìn)的過程,與患者心肌內(nèi)傳導(dǎo)的異常及心臟的擴(kuò)大密切相關(guān)[11]。腦鈉肽具有擴(kuò)張動(dòng)靜脈血管,舒張血管平滑肌,排尿、利鈉,抑制心肌纖維化,提高腎小球?yàn)V過率等作用,可用于心衰嚴(yán)重程度的判斷[12,13]。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),慢性心衰患者中的血漿腦鈉肽水平會(huì)明顯升高,且其升高程度與心衰嚴(yán)重程度呈正比[14]。左室射血分?jǐn)?shù)是目前臨床上最重要并最常用的心功能判斷指標(biāo),與心肌收縮能力相關(guān)[15]。
本研究主要分析了慢性心衰患者QRS波時(shí)限與血漿腦鈉肽及左心室射血分?jǐn)?shù)的相關(guān)性,結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),觀察組的QRS波時(shí)限和血漿腦鈉肽水平均明顯高于對(duì)照組(P<0.05),左心室射血分?jǐn)?shù)明顯低于對(duì)照組(P<0.05),其原因可能為心室容積的擴(kuò)張及左室舒張期末壓力的升高,使得血漿腦鈉肽水平明顯升高;慢性心衰患者的心肌細(xì)胞缺血、缺氧,功能下降, 從而引起左室射血分?jǐn)?shù)降低。QRS波時(shí)限≤120 ms組的血漿腦鈉肽水平明顯低于QRS波時(shí)限>120 ms組(P<0.05),左心室射血分?jǐn)?shù)明顯高于QRS波時(shí)限>120 ms組(P<0.05),提示血漿腦鈉肽水平和左心室射血分?jǐn)?shù)可以反映慢性心衰的嚴(yán)重程度。Pearson相關(guān)分析結(jié)果顯示,觀察組QRS波時(shí)限與血漿腦鈉肽呈明顯正相關(guān)(r=0.815,P<0.01),可能是因?yàn)槭冶趶埩ι呒靶氖胰萘控?fù)荷過多時(shí),心室去極化時(shí)間延長(zhǎng),從而造成QRS波時(shí)限延長(zhǎng),而此時(shí)心室腦鈉肽的分泌也同時(shí)增加。QRS波時(shí)限與左心室射血分?jǐn)?shù)呈明顯負(fù)相關(guān)(r=-0.723,P<0.01),原因可能是慢性心衰會(huì)使心臟收縮功能降低,而左心室射血分?jǐn)?shù)與心肌的收縮能力相關(guān),
心肌的收縮能力越低,左心室射血分?jǐn)?shù)也越低。提示QRS波時(shí)限、血漿腦鈉肽及左心室射血分?jǐn)?shù)對(duì)評(píng)價(jià)慢性心衰的心臟結(jié)構(gòu)和功能損害程度具有臨床意義。
綜上所述,慢性心力衰竭患者體表心電圖QRS波時(shí)限明顯延長(zhǎng),且與血漿腦鈉肽及左心室射血分?jǐn)?shù)存在顯著相關(guān)關(guān)系,可作為臨床評(píng)價(jià)慢性心力衰竭患者心臟功能的重要輔助指標(biāo)。
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本文編輯:王娟,田國祥
Correlation analysis between QRS duration with plasma brain natriuretic peptide and left ventricularejection fraction in patients with chronic heart failure
QI Jian-wei*, LI Xiao-hui, YAN Wen-jie, LU Mei-chao,LI Cheng-fang.*Cardiovascular medicine, Pingshan County People's Hospital, Pingshan, Hebei, 050400, China.
QI Jian-wei: E-mail: qijianwei_8103@163.com
ObjectiveTo investigate the correlation of QRS duration with plasma brain natriuretic peptide(BNP) and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). Methods200 CHF patients in Pingshan County People's Hospital from January 2012 to December 2014 were selected as observation group, 60 healthy persons were selected as control group. All participants were taken ECG examination, and the widest V5 lead QRS duration was measured. The QRS duration, plasma BNP and LVEF were compared between two groups, and the correlation was analyzed. ResultsThe QRS duration and level of plasma BNP in observation group was significantly higher than control group (P<0.01). LVEF in observation group was significantly lower than control group (P<0.01). 112 patients had shorter QRS duration (≤120 ms), and 98 patients had longer QRS duration (>120 ms). Level of plasma BNP in patients with shorter QRS duration were significantly lower than patients with longer QRS duration (P<0.01). LVEF in patients with shorter QRS duration was significantly higher than patients with longer QRS duration (P<0.01). Result of pearson correlation analysis showed that QRS duration and of observation group was significantly positively correlated with plasma BNP (r=0.815, P<0.01), but significantly negatively correlated with LVEF (r=-0.723, P<0.01). ConclusionThe QRS duration of CHF patients is significantly increased, and significantly correlated with plasma BNP and LVEF, which can be used as an important auxiliary indicator for cardiac function in patients with CHF.
Chronic heart failure; QRS duration; Brain natriuretic peptide; Left ventricular ejection fraction
R541.4
A
1674-4055(2016)08-0935-03
2014年石家莊市科學(xué)技術(shù)研究與發(fā)展指導(dǎo)計(jì)劃(141462133)
1050400平山,河北省平山縣人民醫(yī)院心血管內(nèi)科
齊建偉,E-mail:qijianwei_8103@163.com
10.3969/j.issn.1674-4055.2016.08.12