朱志輝 王力東 蔣小金 余志武 蔡成標(biāo)
摘要: 針對(duì)中國(guó)高速鐵路“站橋合一”大型樞紐客站的車致振動(dòng)問題,以新長(zhǎng)沙南站為例,利用自主開發(fā)的計(jì)算分析軟件TRBFDYNA建立了列車軌道客站耦合系統(tǒng)空間整體動(dòng)力學(xué)分析模型,研究車致客站振動(dòng)響應(yīng)的分布規(guī)律、傳播和衰減規(guī)律。車輛采用31自由度車輛模型,采用有限元方法建立軌道客站三維整體動(dòng)力學(xué)模型,輪軌之間采用空間非線性接觸模型。開展了單線和雙線行車工況下的列車軌道客站耦合振動(dòng)分析。結(jié)果表明:受列車豎向動(dòng)力荷載控制,客站以豎向振動(dòng)為主;無砟軌道結(jié)構(gòu)可以過濾輪軌高頻激勵(lì),降低列車對(duì)軌道層主梁的沖擊作用;橋式結(jié)構(gòu)體系可以較好地減小軌道層振動(dòng)對(duì)上部結(jié)構(gòu)振動(dòng)的影響;雙線行車引起的客站振動(dòng)響應(yīng)高于單線行車,但均能滿足舒適性要求;車輛行車安全性指標(biāo)符合規(guī)范要求,表明該客站結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)具有較高的安全儲(chǔ)備。關(guān)鍵詞: 高速列車; 客站; 動(dòng)力響應(yīng); 輪軌接觸; 無砟軌道
中圖分類號(hào): U238;TU248文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼: A文章編號(hào): 10044523(2016)04065610
DOI:10.16385/j.cnki.issn.10044523.2016.04.013
引言
為方便旅客的出行和換乘,集鐵路、城市地鐵和地面公共交通體系于一體的新型“站橋合一”高速鐵路客站在中國(guó)迅速興起[1],常見的“站橋合一”客站結(jié)構(gòu)體系主要有框架式和橋梁式兩種。與傳統(tǒng)線側(cè)分離式客站不同,“站橋合一”客站融軌道層、高架候車層、屋頂層于一體,兼具房屋結(jié)構(gòu)和橋梁結(jié)構(gòu)的特征。當(dāng)正線列車高速通過“站橋合一”客站軌道層時(shí),列車將引起軌道層以及與軌道層相連的上部候車層和屋頂層的振動(dòng)[2]。車致結(jié)構(gòu)振動(dòng)響應(yīng)雖不至于造成結(jié)構(gòu)破壞,但會(huì)對(duì)高架層旅客候車環(huán)境舒適性造成不利影響[3]。因此許多學(xué)者針對(duì)“站橋合一”客站的車致振動(dòng)開展了相關(guān)研究工作,并取得了一些研究成果。
列車激勵(lì)源模擬是研究車致“站橋合一”客站振動(dòng)響應(yīng)分析的首要問題。與以往研究車橋耦合振動(dòng)問題不同的是,由于“站橋合一”客站結(jié)構(gòu)的復(fù)雜性,建立列車客站耦合系統(tǒng)動(dòng)力分析模型具有較大的難度,通常采用兩步法的研究方案。首先將軌道層獨(dú)立出來,建立列車軌道梁相互作用模型,計(jì)算得到作用在軌枕或扣件處的動(dòng)力時(shí)程曲線;然后用該力替代移動(dòng)列車模型作為“站橋合一”客站模型的激勵(lì)源,計(jì)算客站的動(dòng)力響應(yīng)[47]。王國(guó)波[4]、丁陽[5]、郭向榮[6]、傅學(xué)怡[7]、郭薇薇[8]、Feldman[9]等分別針對(duì)武漢站、天津西站、長(zhǎng)沙南站(武廣線)、廣州站、深圳北站、南京南站和柏林站開展了車致振動(dòng)響應(yīng)研究。將“列車軌道客站”耦合系統(tǒng)分解為 “列車軌道梁”和“軌道梁客站”兩個(gè)子系統(tǒng)的求解模式雖然降低了建模及求解難度,但由于忽略了車輛、橋梁、客站之間的動(dòng)力相互作用,難以真實(shí)反映系統(tǒng)間的耦合振動(dòng)效應(yīng)[10]。同時(shí),以往的車致客站振動(dòng)研究主要關(guān)注高架層振動(dòng)響應(yīng),對(duì)列車走行性能、客站整體振動(dòng)響應(yīng)以及振動(dòng)在客站內(nèi)傳遞和衰減規(guī)律研究不足[1112]。
基于已有研究基礎(chǔ),本文以位于滬昆高鐵上采用橋梁式“站橋合一”結(jié)構(gòu)體系的新長(zhǎng)沙南站為研究對(duì)象,利用自主開發(fā)的車線結(jié)構(gòu)耦合振動(dòng)分析軟件TRBFDYNA建立列車軌道客站耦合系統(tǒng)整體動(dòng)力學(xué)分析模型,研究單線及雙線行車工況下列車及客站各部分的動(dòng)力響應(yīng),分析客運(yùn)站各樓層的動(dòng)力響應(yīng)及其振動(dòng)傳遞規(guī)律。
Abstract: In order to research the vibration of integrated buildingbridge railway station (IBBRS) induced by train, the spatial dynamic model of traintrackstation building coupled system of the new Changsha South Railway Station was established by selfdeveloped software TRBFDYNA and the vibration propagation and attenuation of IBBRS are discussed in this paper. The train model with 31 freedoms is built by using multirigid dynamic theory, the railstation building system model is established by FEM, and the spatial nonlinear contact model is used to simulate the wheelrail contact. The spatial coupling vibration of traintrackstation building system under different running cases of train was conducted. The results show that the vibration of railway station is controlled by train vertical dynamic loading and mainly with vertical vibration. The ballastless track can filter out the high frequency excitation induced by wheelrail interaction and reduce the impaction of train acted on the track level. The bridge structural system can reduce the effect of vibration induced by train on the vibration of superstructure of railwaystation. The vibration responses of doublelane case are larger than singlelane case. The dynamic responses of railway station and train running safety indexes meet the railway code requirements and China's current IBBRS designs have enough safety degree.
Key words: highspeed train; railway passenger station; dynamic response; wheelrail contact; ballastless track