孫祥耀 張希諾 海涌
退變性脊柱側(cè)凸術(shù)后骨盆投射角與腰椎前凸角匹配程度與臨床療效的關(guān)系
孫祥耀 張希諾 海涌
目的評估術(shù)后即刻骨盆投射角與腰椎前凸角匹配程度 ( the mismatch between pelvic incidence and lumbar lordosis,PI-LL ) 矯正至不同范圍與術(shù)后脊柱側(cè)凸矯正度、生活質(zhì)量及內(nèi)固定失敗的關(guān)系。方法回顧性研究 2010 年 1 月至 2014 年 1 月,我院行后路長節(jié)段椎弓根螺釘內(nèi)固定植骨融合治療的 69 例成人退變性脊柱側(cè)凸 ( adult degenerative scoliosis,ADS ) 患者,其中男 21 例,女 48 例,平均年齡 ( 63.7±4.7 ) 歲,隨訪時(shí)間均>2 年,平均 ( 3.2±0.7 ) 年。將患者進(jìn)一步分為 A 組 ( PI-LL≤10° )、B 組 ( PI-LL>10°~≤20° )、C 組 ( PI-LL>20° )。測量術(shù)前、術(shù)后及末次隨訪時(shí)患者矢狀位影像學(xué)參數(shù)并計(jì)算 PI-LL,評估術(shù)前及末次隨訪時(shí)患者的生活質(zhì)量 [ 日本骨科協(xié)會評分 ( Japanese Orthopaedic Association,JOA )、Oswestry 功能障礙指數(shù) ( oswestry disability index,ODI )、疼痛視覺模擬評分 ( visual analogue scale,VAS )、腰椎僵硬功能障礙指數(shù)( lumbar stiffness disability index,LSDI ) ],并進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析比較。曲線分析比較術(shù)后 PI-LL 與臨床療效以及影像學(xué)參數(shù)的相互關(guān)系。結(jié)果A 組術(shù)前脊柱側(cè)凸 Cobb’s 角 ( 19.4±2.9 ) °、PI-LL ( 35.8±5.2 ) °、ODI 評分( 63.5±2.7 ) 分、JOA 評分 ( 5.4±1.2 ) 分、VAS 評分 ( 7.1±1.3 ) 分,術(shù)后即刻 PI-LL ( 5.1±3.0 ) °,末次隨訪脊柱側(cè)凸 Cobb’s 角 ( 4.4±2.7 ) °、ODI 評分 ( 26.7±4.1 ) 分、JOA 評分 ( 2.7±1.3 ) 分、VAS 評分 ( 3.0± 1.2 ) 分、LSDI 評分 ( 3.2±1.0 ) 分。B 組術(shù)前脊柱側(cè)凸 Cobb’s 角 ( 20.1±2.6 ) °、PI-LL ( 36.6±4.0 ) °、ODI 評分 ( 62.9±3.0 ) 分、JOA 評分 ( 5.6±1.2 ) 分、VAS 評分 ( 6.8±1.4 ) 分,術(shù)后即刻 PI-LL ( 17.6±2.0 ) °,末次隨訪脊柱側(cè)凸 Cobb’s 角 ( 3.7±1.3 ) °、ODI 評分 ( 17.5±3.9 ) 分、JOA 評分 ( 3.2±1.2 ) 分、VAS 評分 ( 3.1± 0.9 ) 分、LSDI 評分 ( 1.5±1.2 ) 分。C 組術(shù)前脊柱側(cè)凸 Cobb’s 角 ( 21.3±2.8 ) °、PI-LL ( 35.3±4.1 ) °、ODI 評分 ( 62.4±2.8 ) 分、JOA 評分 ( 5.8±1.3 ) 分、VAS 評分 ( 6.7±1.3 ) 分,術(shù)后即刻 PI-LL ( 25.9±2.9 ) °,末次隨訪脊柱側(cè)凸 Cobb’s 角 ( 4.5±0.8 ) °、ODI 評分 ( 32.7±5.2 ) 分、JOA 評分 ( 3.1±1.6 ) 分、VAS 評分 ( 3.1± 0.8 ) 分、LSDI 評分 ( 0.8±0.8 ) 分。術(shù)后與術(shù)前相比,脊柱側(cè)凸 Cobb’s 角、PI-LL、JOA、ODI、VAS 均明顯改善,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義 ( P<0.001 )。各組間術(shù)后即刻 PI-LL 差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義 ( P<0.001 ),其它影像學(xué)指標(biāo)差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。在患者生活質(zhì)量比較方面,除末次隨訪 ODI 和 LSDI 差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義以外 ( P<0.001 ),其它指標(biāo)差異均無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。B 組內(nèi)固定失敗發(fā)生率較 A 組和 C 組低 ( P=0.005 ),翻修率差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義 ( P=0.620 )。S 方程符合 PI-LL 與術(shù)后 Cobb’s 角的相關(guān)性 ( R2=0.416,P<0.001 ),三次方程符合 PI-LL 與末次隨訪 ODI ( R2=0.370,P<0.001 )、末次隨訪 LSDI 的相關(guān)性 ( R2=0.720,P<0.001 ),而 PI-LL 與其它指標(biāo)之間的相關(guān)性無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義 ( P>0.05 )。結(jié)論在后路長節(jié)段內(nèi)固定融合術(shù)治療 ADS 后,將術(shù)后 PI-LL 矯正到 10°~20° 之間,臨床療效最好,并且能夠明顯降低術(shù)后內(nèi)固定相關(guān)并發(fā)癥的發(fā)生率。過多矯正 LL 使PI-LL 過低,可能會增加術(shù)后腰椎僵硬程度。
脊柱側(cè)凸;骨盆參數(shù);生活質(zhì)量;脊柱融合術(shù)
成人退變性脊柱側(cè)凸 ( adult degenerative scoliosis,ADS ) 被定義為骨骼發(fā)育成熟而之前未出現(xiàn)脊柱側(cè)凸病史者出現(xiàn)脊柱冠狀位側(cè)凸,角度>10°[1]。年齡>50 歲者多發(fā),據(jù)報(bào)道其患病率高達(dá) 60%[2]。通常伴有腰背部疼痛、神經(jīng)功能障礙,以及運(yùn)動功能障礙,從而嚴(yán)重影響患者的生活質(zhì)量[3]。因此,對冠狀位側(cè)凸的矯正成為治療的主要目的[4]。在治療過程中,通常優(yōu)先考慮保守治療,然而保守治療效果往往較差[5]。在合理評估手術(shù)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)之后,采用后路長節(jié)段固定融合的方法治療 ADS 較為安全有效[6]。
近來有研究指出,在制訂治療計(jì)劃方面,矢狀位失平衡的指標(biāo)比冠狀面失平衡更有意義,因此退變性脊柱側(cè)凸的矢狀位脊柱骨盆參數(shù)的評估得到了廣泛關(guān)注[7-8]。其中骨盆投射角與腰椎前凸角匹配程度 ( the mismatch between pelvic incidence and lumbar lordosis,PI-LL ) 是較為理想的參考指標(biāo),這是因?yàn)樵诠趋腊l(fā)育成熟以后,骨盆投射角 ( pelvic incidence,PI ) 為相對恒定的解剖參數(shù),因此在治療過程中只需調(diào)整腰椎前凸角 ( lumbar lordosis,LL ) 與 PI 進(jìn)行匹配即可達(dá)到理想的平衡狀態(tài)[9-10]。Schwab 等[11-12]指出,成人脊柱畸形理想的 PI-LL 應(yīng)當(dāng)為 -10°~10°。然而,Yamada 等[13]在其研究中指出,即使不矯正 PI-LL,有 23% 的患者也能獲得很好的臨床療效。本回顧性研究基于 SRS-Schwab 分型 ( Scoliosis Research Society-Schwab )[12],對 2010 年1 月至 2014 年 1 月,于我院行后路長節(jié)段椎弓根螺釘內(nèi)固定植骨融合治療的 ADS 患者進(jìn)行分類比較,旨在通過多組比較及曲線分析,對術(shù)后 PI-LL 大小與各臨床療效指標(biāo)的相關(guān)性進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步探索。
一、入組與排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
1. 入組標(biāo)準(zhǔn):( 1 ) 年齡>45 歲;( 2 ) 腰椎側(cè)凸角≥10°;( 3 ) 進(jìn)行 3 個(gè)運(yùn)動單位以上的內(nèi)固定融合手術(shù),從胸椎固定至 L5或骶骨;( 4 ) 使用第三代全椎弓根螺釘內(nèi)固定系統(tǒng);( 5 ) 有完整的臨床資料和術(shù)前、術(shù)后、末次隨訪的站立位脊柱全長正側(cè)位X 線片;( 6 ) 隨訪時(shí)間>2 年。
2. 排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):( 1 ) 有其它腰部手術(shù)史;( 2 ) 存在其它類型的脊柱側(cè)凸;( 3 ) 嚴(yán)重脊柱外傷史、脊柱腫瘤、強(qiáng)直性脊柱炎、脊柱結(jié)核等。
二、一般資料
本組共納入 69 例 ADS 患者,其中男 21 例,女 48 例,平均年齡 ( 63.7±4.7 ) 歲,融合節(jié)段 4~10 個(gè),平均 ( 7.0±1.1 ) 個(gè)。根據(jù) SRS-Schwab 分型將患者被進(jìn)一步分為 A 組 ( PI-LL≤10° )、B 組( PI-LL>10°~≤20° )、C 組 ( PI-LL>20° )。其中A 組 22 例,B 組 27 例,C 組 20 例。3 組一般情況差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義 ( 表1 )。
三、研究方法
1. 影像學(xué)測量:對納入研究的患者均拍攝術(shù)前、術(shù)后即刻以及末次隨訪脊柱全長正側(cè)位 X 線片。測量的矢狀位脊柱骨盆參數(shù)包括:( 1 ) 脊柱側(cè)凸節(jié)段 Cobb’s 角;( 2 ) PI:S1上終板經(jīng)中點(diǎn)垂線和S1上終板中點(diǎn)至股骨頭中點(diǎn)連線的夾角;( 3 ) LL:L1上終板與 S1上終板間的 Cobb’s 角;( 4 ) PI-LL:骨盆投射角與腰椎前凸角之差。
2. 臨床療效評估:通過收集患者日本骨科協(xié)會評分 ( Japanese Orthopaedic Association,JOA )、Oswestry 功能障礙指數(shù) ( oswestry disability index,ODI )、疼痛視覺模擬評分 ( visual analogue scale,VAS )、腰椎僵硬功能障礙指數(shù) ( lumbar stiffness disability index,LSDI ) 以及住院時(shí)間,對患者的臨床療效進(jìn)行評估比較。
3. 手術(shù)情況:對患者術(shù)中出血量、手術(shù)時(shí)間、并發(fā)癥情況、融合節(jié)段數(shù)以及減壓節(jié)段數(shù)量進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)分析。
四、統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理
采用 SPSS 17.0 軟件對數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析。計(jì)量資料使用±s 表示,計(jì)數(shù)資料用百分比表示。使用 Kolmogorov-Smirnov 檢驗(yàn)連續(xù)性變量是否符合正態(tài)分布,符合正態(tài)分布的變量使用 F 檢驗(yàn)進(jìn)行多重比較,偏態(tài)分布變量采用 Kruskal-Walllist 檢驗(yàn)進(jìn)行分析。非連續(xù)變量使用 χ2檢驗(yàn)進(jìn)行比較。曲線分析用于比較術(shù)后 PI-LL 與臨床療效以及影像學(xué)參數(shù)的相互關(guān)系。P<0.05 為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
所有患者均采用第三代全椎弓根螺釘內(nèi)固定系統(tǒng)。平均手術(shù)時(shí)間 ( 238.1±40.6 ) min,出血量( 1045.9±835.1 ) ml,住院時(shí)間 ( 14.5±1.4 ) 天 ( 表1 )。
術(shù)前統(tǒng)計(jì)所得相關(guān)指標(biāo):脊柱側(cè)凸 Cobb’s 角( 20.2±2.8 ) °,PI-LL ( 36.0±4.4 ) °,JOA ( 5.6± 1.2 ) 分,ODI ( 62.9±2.8 ) 分,VAS ( 6.9±1.3 ) 分。術(shù)后所得相關(guān)指標(biāo):Cobb’s 角 ( 4.1±1.8 ) °,PI-LL ( 16.0±8.6 ) °,JOA ( 3.0±1.6 ) 分,ODI ( 24.8± 7.7 ) 分,VAS ( 3.1±1.0 ) 分。術(shù)后與術(shù)前相比,脊柱側(cè)凸 Cobb’s 角、PI-LL、JOA、ODI、VAS 等影像學(xué)與功能指標(biāo)均明顯改善,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義( P<0.001 ),但是并非所有患者都達(dá)到理想 PI-LL ( PI-LL≤10° )[11]。
在術(shù)后影像學(xué)指標(biāo)中,術(shù)后即刻 PI-LL 組間差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義 ( P<0.001 ),其它影像學(xué)指標(biāo)差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義 ( 表1 )。在患者生活質(zhì)量比較方面,除末次隨訪 ODI 和 LSDI 差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義 ( P<0.001 ),其它指標(biāo)差異均無統(tǒng)計(jì)意義 ( 表1 )。
此外,本研究對手術(shù)并發(fā)癥患者的信息進(jìn)行了收集整理,包括近端交界性后凸 ( proximal iunctional kyphosis,PJK ) 形成 16 例 ( 23.2% ) ( 圖 1 ),內(nèi)固定松動 6 例 ( 8.7% );PJK 患者中 4 例因后凸角度較大,有明顯的下腰痛及下肢癥狀而進(jìn)行了翻修手術(shù);內(nèi)固定松動患者中 3 例因明顯局部疼痛而進(jìn)行了翻修手術(shù)。B 組內(nèi)固定失敗發(fā)生率較 A 組和 C 組低 ( P=0.005 ),其中 PJK 發(fā)生率的差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義 ( P=0.028 ),而內(nèi)固定松動的發(fā)生率差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義 ( P=0.396 ),翻修率差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義 ( P=0.620 ) ( 表1 )。
以 PI-LL 為自變量,末次隨訪脊柱側(cè)凸 Cobb’s角、ODI、JOA、VAS、LSDI 為因變量分別進(jìn)行曲線分析,結(jié)果提示 S 方程符合 PI-LL 與術(shù)后 Cobb’s 角( R2=0.416,P<0.001 ) 的關(guān)系,三次方程符合 PI-LL與末次隨訪 ODI ( R2=0.370,P<0.001 ) 、末次隨訪LSDI 的關(guān)系 ( R2=0.720,P<0.001 ),而 PI-LL 與其它指標(biāo)之間的相關(guān)性均較低 ( P<0.05 ) ( 表2 )。
表1 3 組患者一般情況及臨床資料比較 (±s)Tab.1 Comparison of patients’ demographic and clinical parameters among the 3 groups (±s)
表1 3 組患者一般情況及臨床資料比較 (±s)Tab.1 Comparison of patients’ demographic and clinical parameters among the 3 groups (±s)
注:ODI:Oswestry 功能障礙指數(shù);JOA:日本骨科協(xié)會評分;VAS:視覺模擬評分;LSDI:腰椎僵硬功能障礙指數(shù)Notice: ODI: Oswestry disability index; JOA: Japanese Orthopaedic Association; VAS: visual analogue scale; LSDI: lumbar stiffness disability index
項(xiàng)目 A 組 ( n=22 ) B 組 ( n=27 ) C 組 ( n=20 ) F / χ2值 P 值年齡 ( 歲 ) 63.7± 5.3 63.8± 4.9 63.6± 4.0 0.013 0.987性別 ( 男 / 女,例 ) 6 / 16 8 / 19 7 / 13 0.309 0.857內(nèi)固定節(jié)段數(shù) ( 個(gè) ) 6.9±1.1 7.2± 1.0 6.9± 1.3 0.489 0.615減壓節(jié)段數(shù) ( 個(gè) ) 1.9±0.9 2.3± 0.8 2.4± 0.8 2.374 0.101 Smith-Peterson 截骨術(shù) ( 例 ) 7 5 7 2.341 0.310固定至 S1或髂骨 ( 例 ) 3 3 2 0.132 0.936術(shù)中出血量 ( ml ) 1344.1±1368.3 877.7±332.2 945.0±348.3 2.168 0.123手術(shù)時(shí)間 ( min ) 234.5± 41.7 246.3± 37.7 231.0± 43.1 0.940 0.396住院時(shí)間 ( 天 ) 14.9± 1.6 14.4± 1.0 14.1± 1.4 2.142 0.126側(cè)凸 Cobb’s 角 ( ° )術(shù)前 19.4± 2.9 20.1± 2.6 21.3± 2.8 2.566 0.084末次隨訪 4.4± 2.7 3.7± 1.3 4.5± 0.8 1.363 0.263 PI-LL ( ° )術(shù)前 35.8± 5.2 36.6± 4.0 35.3± 4.1 0.535 0.588術(shù)后即刻 5.1± 3.0 17.6± 2.0 25.9± 2.9 333.194 <0.001 ODI ( 分 )術(shù)前 63.5± 2.7 62.9± 3.0 62.4± 2.8 0.785 0.461末次隨訪 26.7± 4.1 17.5± 3.9 32.7± 5.2 71.240 <0.001 JOA ( 分 )術(shù)前 5.4± 1.2 5.6± 1.2 5.8± 1.3 0.552 0.578末次隨訪 2.7± 1.3 3.2± 1.2 3.1± 1.6 0.850 0.432 VAS ( 分 )術(shù)前 7.1± 1.3 6.8± 1.4 6.7± 1.3 0.735 0.483末次隨訪 3.0± 1.2 3.1± 0.9 3.1± 0.8 0.144 0.866末次隨訪 LSDI 評分 3.2± 1.0 1.5± 1.2 0.8± 0.8 31.766 <0.001術(shù)后并發(fā)癥 ( 例 )內(nèi)固定失敗 7 3 11 10.482 0.005 PJK 6 2 8 7.155 0.028內(nèi)固定松動 2 1 3 1.853 0.396翻修手術(shù) 3 1 3 0.957 0.620
圖1 患者,女,62 歲,ADS 畸形,矢狀位 X 線片 a:術(shù)前存在胸腰段退變性后凸;b:術(shù)后即刻 PI-LL 為 23°;c:隨訪 2年,矢狀位 PJK 形成,為 28°Fig.1 This was a 62-year-old woman with ADS, and these were sagittal X-ray films a: Thoracolumbar kyphosis was noticed before the operation; b: Immediate postoperative PI-LL was 23°; c: PJK was 28° at 2 years’ follow-up
盡管以往研究表明了 PI-LL 對于指導(dǎo)手術(shù)治療的重要性[14-16],但是仍有很多研究對最佳 PI-LL的選擇提出質(zhì)疑[13,17]。目前,尚缺乏適用于國人的PI-LL 矯形金標(biāo)準(zhǔn),因此本研究基于 SRS-Schwab 分型中的 PI-LL 矢狀位矯正分類[12]對后路長節(jié)段固定融合術(shù)治療 ADS 患者進(jìn)行分組,對其術(shù)后 PI-LL與臨床療效的相關(guān)性進(jìn)行比較。在比較影像學(xué)參數(shù)的過程中發(fā)現(xiàn),末次隨訪脊柱側(cè)凸 Cobb’s 角雖然在3 組中差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義 ( P=0.263 ),但是各組末次隨訪脊柱側(cè)凸 Cobb’s 角仍然<10°,表明其在冠狀面的矯形是有效的。Schwab 等[18]將退變性脊柱側(cè)凸患者分為手術(shù)組及非手術(shù)組進(jìn)行研究,并將兩者的矢狀位參數(shù)進(jìn)行比較,發(fā)現(xiàn)其 PI-LL 差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義,并指出 PI-LL>11° 與 ODI 評分>40 分之間有相關(guān)性。與以往研究結(jié)論不同,本研究發(fā)現(xiàn)術(shù)后 PI-LL 大小為 10°~20° 的患者相比其他患者ODI 評分更低,而 JOA 評分以及 VAS 評分相對而言無明顯差異,表明其能達(dá)到理想的臨床療效。關(guān)于PI-LL 的理想矯正度方面尚無定論,有研究指出應(yīng)當(dāng)將 PI-LL 矯正至 11° 以下[18];然而關(guān)于脊柱骨盆矢狀位重建的研究指出,ASD 患者術(shù)后影像學(xué)參數(shù)應(yīng)當(dāng)符合 LL=PI±9°[11]。因此,本研究所得結(jié)論與經(jīng)典的矢狀重建理論并不一致。Schwab 等[18]在其研究中納入患者平均年齡為 51.9 歲,而本研究納入患者平均年齡為 63.7 歲,整體年齡相對較大。Xu等[19]對 296 名中國成人的脊柱骨盆參數(shù)進(jìn)行了前瞻性研究,通過進(jìn)行線性回歸分析發(fā)現(xiàn) LL 與 PI 和年齡相關(guān)。Lafage 等[20]研究發(fā)現(xiàn),脊柱骨盆參數(shù)隨著年齡的增加會發(fā)生變化,并指出年齡<35 歲的患者最佳 PI-LL 為 -10.5°,而年齡>75 歲者,其最佳PI-LL 為 16.7°。Zhu 等[21]對 260 名漢族成人進(jìn)行了脊柱骨盆參數(shù)的研究,指出脊柱骨盆參數(shù)受年齡、體重、性別的影響,種族不同,脊柱骨盆參數(shù)也會有較大差異。Banno 等[22]研究發(fā)現(xiàn),女性 PI-LL 較男性大,并且會隨著年齡的增加而增大。Inami 等[17]指出 PI-LL 與預(yù)期的臨床療效有時(shí)出現(xiàn)偏差,這可能與 PI 的個(gè)體化差異有關(guān)。因此,本研究結(jié)果與既往研究不同可能為本研究納入患者平均年齡較高,納入患者女性比例較大,與既往研究納入患者的種族差異所致。
表2 患者術(shù)后 PI-LL 與術(shù)后臨床療效曲線分析Tab.2 Curve estimation in evaluating the relationship between postoperative PI-LL and Cobb angle, ODI and LSDI
矢狀位脊柱骨盆參數(shù)與生活質(zhì)量的關(guān)系一直存在爭議。Chaleat-Valayer 等[23]對 198 例慢性下腰痛患者與 709 名無癥狀成人進(jìn)行回顧性研究,指出慢性下腰痛與較小的 PI、骶骨傾斜角 ( sacral slope,SS )、LL 有關(guān),而與骨盆傾斜角 ( pelvic tilt,PT ) 無關(guān)。Mac-Thiong 等[24]研究表明,ADS 患者 ODI 評分與其 SVA ( C7鉛垂線與骶骨后上角之間的距離 )有相關(guān)性。Schwab 等[11]指出 ADS 患者術(shù)后 PI-LL處于 -10°~10° 時(shí),ODI 評分明顯優(yōu)于不在此范圍的患者。然而,既往常用的評分系統(tǒng)無法較好地體現(xiàn)脊柱僵硬對功能的影響。Hart 等[25]通過使用 LSDI評分對 32 例腰椎融合術(shù)后患者進(jìn)行隨訪研究,并指出 LSDI 評分對腰椎融合術(shù)后患者的腰部僵硬和功能受限有較高的價(jià)值。Deniels 等[26]將 LSDI 評分應(yīng)用于 ADS 患者的研究中,通過對多中心 176 名健康志愿者及 693 例患者的研究,發(fā)現(xiàn)脊柱僵硬引起的功能障礙與疼痛引起的功能障礙有相關(guān)性。Sciubba等[27]對 134 例 ADS 患者進(jìn)行回顧性研究,使用LSDI 評分進(jìn)行術(shù)后功能評估,發(fā)現(xiàn)固定融合至上胸椎的患者在進(jìn)行清潔下身、穿褲等動作時(shí)明顯受限,而是否融合至髂骨對 LSDI 結(jié)果影響較小。本研究曲線分析的結(jié)果表明 PI-LL 與 LSDI 成負(fù)相關(guān),而PI 為固定值[18],則可說明術(shù)中矯正 LL 使之過大,可能會使術(shù)后腰椎僵硬程度增加。
針對 ADS 患者術(shù)后內(nèi)固定松動及假關(guān)節(jié)形成對臨床療效影響的研究較少,但是既往針對內(nèi)固定失敗方面的研究表明,內(nèi)固定松動對臨床療效無嚴(yán)重影響[28]。本研究中同樣有患者出現(xiàn)內(nèi)固定松動,根據(jù)患者相應(yīng)臨床表現(xiàn),選擇是否進(jìn)行翻修手術(shù)治療。Cho 等[29]認(rèn)為,PI、SVA 較大,LL 矯正不佳的患者,在 ADS 后路長節(jié)段內(nèi)固定術(shù)后出現(xiàn)內(nèi)固定失敗發(fā)生率較高。PKJ 在 ADS 手術(shù)治療的并發(fā)癥中并不少見[30]。Kim 等[31]對 206 例進(jìn)行回顧性研究,隨訪 2 年,PJK 發(fā)生率高達(dá) 34%;其研究表明 LL 矯正較多,矢狀位平衡變化較大的患者更易在術(shù)后出現(xiàn) PJK。相關(guān)研究表明,PI-LL>10° 會使鄰近節(jié)段病變發(fā)生以及再手術(shù)的發(fā)生率增加 10 倍左右[32]。而本研究中 B 組并發(fā)癥總體發(fā)生率較 A 組和 C 組低,內(nèi)固定失敗發(fā)生率較低,明顯減低 PJK 發(fā)生率。因此,在 ADS 的矯形中將 PI-LL 調(diào)整在 10°~20° 能夠降低內(nèi)固定失敗的風(fēng)險(xiǎn),降低再手術(shù)的發(fā)生率。
綜上所述,目前適合國人的 PI-LL 范圍尚有爭議,并且有相關(guān)研究指出 PI 值大小有種族差異[17,21-22]。因此,既往研究按照 PI-LL≤10° 及PI-LL>10° 對患者進(jìn)行分組研究并不完全適用于國人體質(zhì)[11,18]。本研究表明,在后路長節(jié)段內(nèi)固定融合術(shù)治療 ADS 后,將術(shù)后 PI-LL 矯正到 10°~20° 之間,臨床療效最好,并且能夠明顯降低術(shù)后內(nèi)固定相關(guān)并發(fā)癥的發(fā)生率。PI-LL 與 LSDI 呈負(fù)相關(guān),過度矯正使 LL 過大,PI-LL 過小可能加重術(shù)后腰椎僵硬程度,而 PI-LL 與其它指標(biāo)之間的線性相關(guān)性均較低。然而,本研究尚存在不足:首先,本研究為回顧性研究,存在選擇偏倚;其次,樣本量較少。因此,為了進(jìn)一步明確國人 PI-LL 的最佳大小以及PI-LL 與臨床療效的關(guān)系,仍然需要進(jìn)行大樣本前瞻性研究。
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( 本文編輯:王萌 )
Correlation between pelvic incidence minus lumbar lordosis mismatch after surgery for degenerative scoliosis and clinical outcomes
SUN Xiang-yao, ZHANG Xi-nuo, HAI Yong. Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China Corresponding author: Hai Yong, Email: spinesurgeon@163.com
ObjectiveTo explore the correlation between pelvic incidence minus lumbar lordosis ( PI-LL ) mismatch after the surgery for adult degenerative scoliosis ( ADS ) and correction of scoliosis, quality of life and failure of internal fixation.MethodsThe clinical data of 69 patients with ADS who underwent long posteriorinstrumentation and fusion from January 2010 to January 2014 were retrospectively reviewed. There were 21 males and 48 females, whose mean age was ( 63.7 ± 4.7 ) years old. They were followed up for an average period of ( 3.2 ± 0.7 ) years. The patients were divided into 3 groups: group A ( PI-LL≤10° ), group B ( 10° < PI-LL≤20° ) and group C ( PI-LL > 20° ). The radiographic sagittal parameters were measured before and after the operation and at the latest follow-up. The patients’ quality of life was evaluated after the operation and at the latest follow-up according to the Japanese Orthopaedic Association ( JOA ) score, Oswestry disability index ( ODI ), visual analogue scale ( VAS ) and lumbar stiffness disability index ( LSDI ), and these parameters were statistically analyzed. Then, PI-LL could be worked out. Univariate linear regression equation was performed to investigate the relative infuence of postoperative PI-LL on radiographic parameters and clinical outcomes.ResultsIn group A, the preoperative Cobb’s angle of scoliosis, preoperative PI-LL, preoperative ODI, preoperative JOA, preoperative VAS, Cobb’s angle of scoliosis at the latest follow-up, immediate postoperative PI-LL, ODI at the latest follow-up, JOA at the latest follow-up, VAS at the latest follow-up and LSDI at the latest follow-up were ( 19.4 ± 2.9 ) °, ( 35.8 ± 5.2 ) °, 63.5 ± 2.7, 5.4 ± 1.2, 7.1 ± 1.3, ( 4.4 ± 2.7 ) °, ( 5.1 ± 3.0 ) °, 26.7 ± 4.1, 2.7 ± 1.3, 3.0 ± 1.2 and 3.2 ± 1.0 respectively. In group B, the preoperative Cobb’s angle of scoliosis, preoperative PI-LL, preoperative ODI, preoperative JOA, preoperative VAS, Cobb’s angle of scoliosis at the latest follow-up, immediate postoperative PI-LL, ODI at the latest follow-up, JOA at the latest followup, VAS at the latest follow-up and LSDI at the latest follow-up were ( 20.1 ± 2.6 ) °, ( 36.6 ± 4.0 ) °, 62.9 ± 3.0, 5.6 ± 1.2, 6.8 ± 1.4, ( 3.7 ± 1.3 ) °, ( 17.6 ± 2.0 ) °, 17.5 ± 3.9, 3.2 ± 1.2, 3.1 ± 0.9 and 1.5 ± 1.2 respectively. In group C, the preoperative Cobb’s angle of scoliosis, preoperative PI-LL, preoperative ODI, preoperative JOA, preoperative VAS, Cobb’s angle of scoliosis at the latest follow-up, immediate postoperative PI-LL, ODI at the latest follow-up, JOA at the latest follow-up, VAS at the latest follow-up and LSDI at the latest follow-up were ( 21.3 ± 2.8 ) °, ( 35.3 ± 4.1 )°, 62.4 ± 2.8, 5.8 ± 1.3, 6.7 ± 1.3, ( 4.5 ± 0.8 ) °, ( 25.9 ± 2.9 ) °, 32.7 ± 5.2, 3.1 ± 1.6, 3.1 ± 0.8 and 0.8 ± 0.8 respectively. The postoperative Cobb’s angle of scoliosis, PI-LL, JOA, ODI and VAS were signifcantly improved, compared with the preoperative data ( P < 0.001 ). There were statistically signifcant differences in immediate postoperative PI-LL among the 3 groups ( P < 0.001 ). However, there were no statistically signifcant differences in other radiographic parameters among the 3 groups. There were statistically signifcant differences in ODI and LSDI at the latest followup among the 3 groups ( P < 0.001 ). However, there were no statistically signifcant differences in other life quality indexes. The internal fxation failure rate was lower in group B than the other groups ( P = 0.005 ). There were no statistically signifcant differences in the reoperation rate ( P = 0.620 ). Curve estimation showed that stroke equation ftted the relationship between postoperative PI-LL and Cobb’s angle ( R2= 0.416, P < 0.001 ). Cubic equation ftted the relationship between postoperative PI-LL and ODI ( R2= 0.370, P < 0.001 ) or LSDI at the latest follow-up ( R2= 0.720, P < 0.001 ). However, there was a low correlation between postoperative PI-LL and other indexes ( P < 0.05 ). Conclusions The optimal PI-LL may be between 10° and 20° in ADS patients after long posterior instrumentation and fusion for better clinical outcomes and lower complication rates related to postoperative internal fixation. The overcorrection of LL will result in lower PI-LL, and then may lead to more serious postoperative lumbar stiffness.
Scoliosis; Pelvic parameter; Quality of life; Spinal fusion
10.3969/j.issn.2095-252X.2017.01.005
R682, R687.3
100020 北京,首都醫(yī)科大學(xué)附屬北京朝陽醫(yī)院骨科
海涌,Email: spinesurgeon@163.com
2016-09-21 )