英文目錄與摘要

Due to the “Jingyuan mutiny”, the trade between Bohai State and Tang Dynasty were obstructed, Bohai State moved the capital to Dongjing Longquan City which contacted with Japan more conveniently. The rulers were trying to replace Tang with Japan in trading field, in order to keep economic growth and external support. However, due to the effects of domestic royal disputes, Silla forces and frequent natural disasters, Bohai State hasn’t achieved the goal of strengthening political and economic ties with Japan in this period. After Tang Dynasty put down the rebellion; and Bohai State completed the succession of the throne, Huayu moved the capital back to Shangjing Longquan City.

East Asian Cofucian Interpretation of Confucius’ Discourse on Humanity and Propriety

Huang Junjie

This paper revisits Confucius’ theory of humanity and propriety and analyzes the interpretations proposed by Chinese, Japanese and Korean Confucians. Section 1 reviews the evolution of the connotation of the core value jen(仁, humanity) in the history of Chinese Confucianism.Section 2 offers a new interpretation of the relationship between humanity and propriety in Confucius’world of thought. We also offer a rebuttal against the 18th- century Chinese scholar Ling Tingkan’s and contemporary American philosopher Herbert Fingarette’s interpretations of Confucius’ concept of propriety.In section 3, we discuss the interpretations of Confucius’ theory of humanity and propriety proposed by Chinese, Japanese and Korean Confucian scholars since 17th-century. This paper concludes by indicating that the interpretations on Confucius’ thought proposed by East Asian Confucians touch upon three philosophical issues, viz., (a) the view of the self, (b) the interaction between man and the world and (c) the problem of the freedom of the subjectivity.

The Ancient History of the Northeasten Asia as Refugee Tides

Wang Xiaofu

For escaping wars the population cross-border movement to form a refugee, which is mainly a regional problem. The resettlement and integration of the refugees have changed the local social culture and even impacted to the historical evolution. From this perspective this article studies the history of Northeast Asia, focusing on the following examples: “refugees” influnce in the history of the ancient Korean peninsula; the ancient islands of Japan affected by the refugees; The relationship between Uighur Khanate collapse and Khitan prosperity. This article thinks that the common culture in Northeast Asia is formed through a long history, it is worthy these local countries and countries to cherish.

Nan Yuanfan’s Education View on the Concept of Postwar System

Lu Li Li Landi

Of many of his activities, the most powerful impact of Nan Yuanfan, the famous Japanese political scholar, thinker and educator, is his view of Postwar System and education reform is one of the most important props of the concept.He leads the Education Refresh Committee to persist in the principle of independence， intelligently coordinates Ministry of Education with GHQ and successively introduces Fundamental Law of Education, School Education Act, Education Commission Act and a series of important laws and regulations. He is honored founding father of the country, who has brought the maximum weal fare to Japanese people after the war.

The Eastern Expedition of Chosun in the Year of JiHai——A Point of View for East Asia Order in Ming Dynasty

Wu Daxin

During June 1421， Ming dynasty and Chosun had two military actions in Liaodong Peninsula of China and Tsushima Island of Japan， including Battle of Wanghaiguo and The Easten expedition in the year of JiHai， to fight against Japanese pirates over Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea. After the two battles by Ming dynasty and Chosun， the serious Japanese pirate problem in the end of 14thcentury was temporarily solved. The two battles seemed to be irrelevant to each other, however， the two battles were， in fact， the results caused by the continuous conflicts and negotiations between the three countries， Ming Empire， Japan and Chosun. According to the Ming Empire’s diplomatic activities to Chosun and Japan， we can understand the roles of Ming Empire， Japan and Chosun， and their objects during the process of establishing East Asia order in 15th century. The tributary system of Ming Empire was not only based on the center of Ming Empire or China and Foreign Orders， but also should be applicable to the real situations and the benefit of each of the countries in East Asia.

A Rumor about Toyotomi Hideyosi’s Chinese Nationality during the Japanese Invasion of Korea

Zheng Jiexi

The Josoen historical novelImshinRokwhich appeared after the Japanese Invasion of Korea (1592—1598) told about a rumor for Toyotomi Hideyosi’s Chinese Nationality. This rumor is not created primarily by the novelists, but had been spread in Ming and Joseon during the war. It is a misinformation, but we cannot put it down to the creation by people at that time totally. This rumor probably originates from Ryukyu and then spread to Ming and Joseon. Its headstream probably is the Japanese emissary who was sent to negotiate with Ryukyu in 1590, and its cause maybe related to the diplomatic aims of Toyotomi Hideyosi’s regime. The rumor of Toyotomi Hideyosi’s Chinese Nationality appeared at the East Asian Seas under the war background was related to Ming, Joseon, Ryukyu, and Japan. It reflects how the information disseminated among the whole East Asian Seas during that time. In this case, we know the information dissemination network covering the whole East Asian Seas was beginning to come into being in the world at that time.

The Josoen Biao-Jian Events and Liaodong Border Crisis in Hongwu Reign

Zhang Shu

During the last years of Hongwu Reign there were four times of Josoen Biao-Jian Events happened between Ming and Joseon respectively in A.D. 1393， 1396(twice) and 1397 because of the potential contradiction about border. The Taizu of Ming investigated the responsibility of these events， and therefore intensified the contradiction about border between Ming and Joseon. On the other hand， it also made theHardlineof Joseon who were led by Jeong-DoJeon fell into isolation， and fading， and at last fell from power. Because of this， the threat to the Liaodong border of Ming made by them was resolved as well.

The Formation of Greek Ethnic Identity in Antiquity

Xu Xiaoxu

In antiquity the ethnic group that designated itself “Hellenes” took shape at the turn of the seventh century as a result of the aggregation of various smaller Greek-speaking ethnic groups, which originally had possessed no more than their respective ethnonyms but continuously interacted with each other and developed their networks of multiple identities. Centring on two interstate religious institutions, the Anthelan Amphictyony and the Olympic games, they increasingly clustered themselves into a new, larger ethnic group that, on choosing “Hellenes” as its self-appellation, kept being expanded and came to attain a Panhellenic dimension. The other side of the coin of Greek identity was the Othering of the non-Greeks as “barbarians.” Homer and writers of the Archaic Age from the mid- to late sixth century onwards reveal that the concept “barbarian” emerged at the edge of the Greek world and that it was invented by the Ionians, who lived at the frontiers of encounters with foreigners. Afterwards in the Classical Age a mass of “barbarians” as a polar opposite of Greeks was “made in Athens.”

Cultural Investigation of Sex Witchcraft in Ancient Mesopotamia

Zhang Wenan

Sex witchcraft pays an important role in sexual life of Anient Mesopotamia， it permeates in many aspects such as coutship， lovelorn， marriage and sexual intercourse. Sex witchcraft is an interaction of witchcraft， it based on the theory that similarity generating similarity， contact result in infection， image generating object itself， part on behalf of the whole.it is close to psychotherapy， it works effectively with the help of sorcerer， client and society group participation.The sorcerer must use symbols to operate witchcraft， it is symbols of potency that guarantee the coodination and synchronization of fantasy and action， so as to achieve expected effects.

On American Slaves’ Clothes and Dressing Described in Their Narratives

Gao Chunchang

In the Middle Passage Slaves from Western Africa were firstly deprived of their cultural heritage on their dress， and then after taking root on the mainland of North America had to accept the crude clothes provided by the whites. In the early times was mainlyOsnaburg， and in the 19thcenturyNegroClothgradually predominated， nevertheless in either times clothes produced on local plantations were not scarce. Although confronted with the strong suppression of class norm on their cloth quality and quantity， American slaves distinctly shaped their dressing characters on dying or stitching-up clothes and wearing headbands.

Humanistic New-Learning And Modern English Gentlemen Education in Public School

Liu Dan

Since late 15thcentury humanistic New-Learning as an important element and content of Renascence had rapidly spread to England and promoted gentlemen education there with New-Learning as its essential content. Public schools， by being first to efficiently practice this education， became the educational institution that most directly reflected humanistic thoughts and， in turn， helped further spread humanistic New-Learning in the country， and so doing， to a fair degree， helped English education system to be transformed to its modernized form. The essential ideas and practicing mechanism as practiced by English public schools can be significantly related to the ideal and goal of Elemental-Potentiality Education in China today and from this we can further understand that， in our educational system， we should more emphasize the training and formation of physical building， personality and personal culture， not only the increase and improvement of knowledge and skills， on the part of young generation.

Research Review of U.S. Southern Urban History in China

Yang Fan

The domestic academia has been studying the U.S. Southern urban history nearly 30 years， and has received some valuable research results. This paper， according to the three stages: before the civil war， after the civil war to the 30s and 40s in 20thcentury， and 60s and 70s of the “sun-belt” period， examine the studies of the domestic U.S. southern urban history in the past 30 years. At last， this paper gives a brief review about it and hopes to provide some reference for further research.

The Fit of American Policy and Japanese National Will in the Japanese Constitution-Writing Progress

Chen Zhen

In the Japanese constitution-writing progress,America had always insisted on the policy of “the Japanese national will should be showed freely”. In that case Japan was occupied by the United Nations controlled by America, that American can influence in the progress of Japanese constitution-writing inevitably. The core concepts of America are “power of citizens”, “respecting of basic human rights” and “pacifism”, which are consistent with the will of Japanese citizens that achieves the democratization under the Japanese emperor, against oppression and acquiring freedom and equality, and giving up the war to realize perpetual peace.

Bohai State Moving the Capital to Dongjing Longquan City and Transmutation of the Relationship with Japan

Tong Wei