侯冬意

解答動(dòng)詞類題，不僅需要對(duì)動(dòng)詞詞匯和短語的記憶和積累，還應(yīng)注意以下幾點(diǎn)：找出時(shí)間狀語，結(jié)合語境，確定相應(yīng)的時(shí)態(tài)；根據(jù)主語的單、復(fù)數(shù)來確定動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)；判斷主語和謂語動(dòng)詞的關(guān)系，來確定是主動(dòng)語態(tài)還是被動(dòng)語態(tài)。檢查時(shí)，應(yīng)注意單詞的拼寫，尤其是不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過去式、過去分詞；還應(yīng)注意所填或所選的詞或者短語與上下文提供的語境是否相符，尤其是完形填空中，回頭看上下文尤為重要。

【真題解析】

1. —Tom， lets hang out after school.

—Sorry. I have ____ Frank to work on the biology report with him. （2016廈門）

A. advised B. expected C. promised

【答案】C

【解析】該題考查的是動(dòng)詞的辨析。advise意為“建議”；expect意為“期待”；promise意為“承諾”。根據(jù)問句句意“湯姆，咱們放學(xué)后出去玩吧”以及答句中的“對(duì)不起”和“和他一起做生物學(xué)報(bào)告”，可推測(cè)本題應(yīng)填詞義為“承諾”，結(jié)合山下文可知該處應(yīng)使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，因此正確答案為C。

2. Their football team was ____ in that important game. （2016山東威海）

A. won B. beaten C. failed

【答案】B

【解析】該題考查的是動(dòng)詞的辨析。win意為“贏得比賽”，后接賓語時(shí)一般接某比賽；beat意為“打??；戰(zhàn)勝”；fail意為“失敗”，是不及物動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)主語Their football team，結(jié)合was可知本句是一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)，其中Their football team是動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作承受者，可推斷句意為“他們的足球隊(duì)在那場(chǎng)重要的比賽中被打敗了”，因此正確答案為B。

3. —Hi， Nora. Is your mother at home？

—Just a minute！She ____ flowers in the garden. （2016南京）

A. plant B. is planting C. planted D. was planting

【答案】B

【解析】該題考查的是動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)問句句意“Nora，你媽媽在家嗎？”以及答句中的“等一會(huì)兒”，可知“媽媽正在花園種花”，本題填空處應(yīng)選擇現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)；主語She，為第三人稱單數(shù)，進(jìn)行時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)中的be動(dòng)詞應(yīng)選用is，因此正確答案為B。

4. Unless the weather ____， well have to cancel the picnic. （2016廣東）

A. improve B. improves C. improved D. will improve

【答案】B

【解析】該題考查的是動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)句意“除非天氣有所改善，否則我們不得不取消野餐”，可知該句為unless引導(dǎo)一個(gè)表假設(shè)的條件狀語從句。在含有條件狀語從句的復(fù)合句中，如果主句是一般將來時(shí)，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來。從句的主語the weather是第三人稱單數(shù)，所以謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)選擇第三人稱單數(shù)形式，因此正確答案為B。

5. It seems that El Nino ____ some disasters in the world in the past few months. （2016鹽城）

A. has caused B. is causing C. will cause D. caused

【答案】A

【解析】該題考查的是動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語in the past few months，可知句意為“似乎厄爾尼諾現(xiàn)象在過去的幾個(gè)月里已經(jīng)在世界上引起了一些災(zāi)難”，強(qiáng)調(diào)了厄爾尼諾現(xiàn)象對(duì)于現(xiàn)在造成的結(jié)果和影響，所以該題從句應(yīng)選擇現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)；從句的主語El Nino為單數(shù)，所以現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)has/have done的助動(dòng)詞用has，cause的過去分詞為caused，因此正確答案為A。

6. —Where were you when I called？

—I ____ on the bed. （2016大慶）

A. lied B. was lying C. lay D. was lieing

【答案】B

【解析】該題考查的是動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)問句句意“當(dāng)我給你打電話時(shí)你在哪里？”，可知答句的動(dòng)作應(yīng)在過去某一時(shí)刻，即“我給你電話時(shí)”正在進(jìn)行中，本題填空處應(yīng)選擇過去進(jìn)行時(shí)；主語為第一人稱I，進(jìn)行時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)中的be動(dòng)詞應(yīng)選用was，動(dòng)詞lie的現(xiàn)在分詞為lying，因此正確答案為B。

7. The passengers ____ show their ID cards before getting on the plane. （2016株洲）

A. might B. must C. could

【答案】B

【解析】該題考查的是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的辨析。might意為“可能”；must意為“一定”；could意為“可能”。根據(jù)問句句意“在登上飛機(jī)之前乘客必須出示他們的身份證”，此題應(yīng)選擇must，因此正確答案為B。

8. —Mum， Im going climbing. Must I clean the room now？

—No， you ____. You can do it this evening. （2016郴州）

A. cant B. mustnt C. neednt

【答案】C

【解析】該題考查的是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的辨析。根據(jù)答句中的“No”和“You can do it this evening.”可知該答句是否定的回答。根據(jù)問句句意“媽媽，我將要去爬山。我現(xiàn)在必須打掃房間嗎？”可知答句為“不必。你可以今天晚上打掃”。問句中的must意為“必須”，其否定回答可用neednt或者dont have to；mustnt意為“不禁止”；cant意為“不能”或者“不可能”，因此正確答案為C。

9. —Mum， what are you cooking in the kitchen？It ____ so good！

—Fried noodles. （2016福州）

A. smells B. tastes C. sounds

【答案】A

【解析】該題考查的是系動(dòng)詞的辨析。根據(jù)問句“媽媽，你在廚房里正做什么？”，可以推斷應(yīng)該是媽媽正在廚房里飯，還沒有做完，因此是聞起來很棒而不是嘗起來很棒。smell意為“聞”，taste意為“嘗”，sound意為“聽”，主語it為第三人稱單數(shù)，系動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用第三人稱單數(shù)形式，因此正確答案為A。

10. —Oh， my god. I ____ 2kg this month.

—Dont worry. Its normal for a growing teenage girl. （2016湖北）

A. put up B. put off C. put on D. put down

【答案】C

【解析】該題考查的是動(dòng)詞短語。put up意為“張貼，舉起”；put off意為“推遲”；put on意為“增加，穿上”；put down意為“放下”。根據(jù)答句句意“不要擔(dān)心。對(duì)于一個(gè)正在成長(zhǎng)的十幾歲的女孩很正?！保赏茰y(cè)問句句意為“哦，我的天啊。這個(gè)月體重增加了兩千克?！?，因此正確答案為C。

11. —The fire ____ at around 3 a.m. local time when people were celebrating with fireworks.

—Im sorry to hear it. （2016連云港）

A. broke out B. ran out C. went out D. put out

【答案】A

【解析】該題考查的是動(dòng)詞短語。break out意為“突然發(fā)生，爆發(fā)”；run out意為“用完，耗盡”；go out意為“出去”；put out意為“撲滅”。根據(jù)答句句意“聽到后我很難過?！?，可推測(cè)問句句意為“在當(dāng)?shù)貢r(shí)間大約早晨3點(diǎn)鐘，當(dāng)人們用煙火慶祝的時(shí)候，引發(fā)了大火。”，因此正確答案為A。

12. —Remember to ____ the lights when you leave the room.

—OK！I will. （2016銅仁市）

A. turn on B. turn off C. turn up D. turn down

【答案】B

【解析】該題考查的是動(dòng)詞短語。turn on意為“打開（電器等）”；turn off意為“關(guān)掉（電器等）”；turn up意為“開大，調(diào)高（電器等）音量”；turn down意為“關(guān)小，調(diào)低（電器等）音量”。根據(jù)常識(shí)，可推測(cè)句意為“記得離開這個(gè)房間時(shí)要關(guān)燈”，因此正確答案為B。

【真題演練】

（ ）1. —Must I clean the room now， Mom？

—No， ____. （2016邵陽(yáng)）

A. you mustnt B. you neednt C. you cant

（ ）2. —Its the second time I came to Xiamen. It ____ a lot.

—Yes， its more and more beautiful. （2016廈門）

A. was changing B. has changed C. will change

（ ）3. UNICEF（聯(lián)合國(guó)兒童基金會(huì)） was ____ in 1946. It works to help children live a better life. （2015三亞）

A. picked up B. put up C. set up

（ ）4. A Christmas Carol is a famous short novel ____ by Charles Dickens. （2016黑龍江）

A. written B. was written C. wrote

（ ）5. —Many people play with mobile phones all day instead of reading books.

—Thats too bad. Everyone ____ be a book lover. Reading is more enjoyable. （2016山西）

A. may B. should C. would

（ ）6. Though she often makes her little brother ____， she was made ____ by him this morning. （2016黑龍江）

A. cry； to cry B. to cry； cry C. cry； cry

（ ）7. —Whats wrong with Judy？ She has been absent for two days.

—Oh， she ____ be ill. Lets go to ask Mr. Green. （2016泉州）

A. may B. need C. would

（ ）8. —Why are you late for school today？

—Im sorry. I didnt catch the early bus and I had to ____ the next one. （2016福州）

A. wait for B. ask for C. care for

（ ）9. —What were you doing at 8：00 last Sunday？

—I ____ rubbish with my classmates by Zijiang River. （2015益陽(yáng)）

A. picked up B. am picking up C. was picking up

（ ）10. —Finally， they came back.

—They ____ be hungry after such a long walk. （2016長(zhǎng)沙）

A. cant B. must C. neednt

（ ）11. —Lily， where is your father now？ Go and get him for lunch.

—Just a moment， please. Father ____ a phone call in his room. （2016成都）

A. makes B. is making C. was making

（ ）12. The school sports meeting will be ____ because of the heavy rain. （2016永州）

A. put up B. put on C. put off

（ ）13. —Claudia， are you going to Mikes birthday party on Sunday？

—Unless I ____. （2015益陽(yáng)）

A. am invited B. invited C. was inviting

（ ）14. Once they find people in need， theyll ____ proper ways to offer them help. （2016漳州）

A. put on B. get on C. decide on

（ ）15. —Miss Li， could you please help me ____ this math problem？

—OK. Let me try. （2016威海）

A. look up B. work out C. set up

（ ）16. Its time for class， but the bell didnt ____. （2016齊齊哈爾）

A. go on B. go off C. go through

（ ）17. —What are you doing now？

—I ____ to the music. （2016永州）

A. is listening B. am listening C. was listening

（ ）18. —Will you see the film Cinderella with us tonight？

—No， I ____ it last week. （2015長(zhǎng)沙）

A. see B. have seen C. saw

（ ）19. —Ive made much progress in grammar. The ideas you ____ worked out fine.

—Glad I could help. （2016廈門）

A. came up with B. ran out of C. looked up to

（ ）20. —Dont smoke here， Dad. Smoking ____ in public places.

—Oh， sorry. Ill stop right now. （2015福州）

A. isnt allowed B. arent allowed C. doesnt allow