趙國德
在英語教學過程中會逐漸出現(xiàn)單詞I, we, you, he, she, it , they 等。這讓孩子們分不清東西南北,摸不著頭腦。其中第三人稱單數(shù)及其后面的動詞的變化問題是最讓人頭疼的問題。如果不多次地重復講解,估計是解決不了問題的。
顧名思義,第三人稱就是第三方。英語對話時I we是第一人稱,其中我(I)是第一人稱單數(shù),我們(we)是第一人稱復數(shù);你和你們是一個單詞(you)是第二人稱;她/他/她(it he she)是第三人稱單數(shù),她們/他們/她們they是第三人稱復數(shù)。除此之外,還有幾種情況也屬于第三人稱單數(shù)。一是人名,如Wu Yifan Mike ;二是稱呼,如Mum , my maths teacher等;三是非人的第三方,如the book, that pig 等。我給孩子們一個口訣來幫助他們記憶這個問題:不是我(第一人稱)不是你(第二人稱)就是他(第三人稱),不是倆來不是仨(包括更多)(這就是第三人稱單數(shù))。
2.1大多數(shù)動詞用在第三人稱單數(shù)后面,需要在單詞末尾加s
如like—likes; speak—speaks等。對比一下下面的句子大家看得可能更清楚一些。I like this cat. They like this cat.句子中用的like。He likes this cat. She likes that yellow picture. It likes this cat. Wu Yifan speaks English well. My sister plays basketball well. Your good friend cleans the window. 而這些句子因為是第三人稱單數(shù)所以后面的動詞就由like, speak, sing, clean變成了likes, speaks, plays, cleans。
2.2第三人稱單數(shù)后面是以 o、x、s、ch、sh結(jié)尾的動詞時在單詞末尾加es
小學階段最常遇到的是do, go, watch 等??聪旅娴木渥覹e go home at 4:30.You play the Er Hu in the playground. I watch TV in the living room.這些句子中都用的go, do, watch。He often goes to the library with his father on Saturdays. He does homework with his good friend Zhang Shiqi in the classroom. Li Xiangyang watches TV with his grandmother .而這些句子因為是第三人稱單數(shù)所以后面的動詞都加了es變成了goes,does和watches。
2.3 be (am is are)動詞的用法
第一人稱單數(shù)用am,I am from Binzhou. 第三人稱單數(shù)后面用is。She is shy. It is a fat cat. Mum is a nurse. Wu Yifan is friendly.其他人稱都用are,You are strong.They are helpful.
2.4第三人稱單數(shù)后面動詞的變化還有一類是have變has
在英語教學中have (has)用途廣泛,可以當有講I have a red pen. Liu Jiayi has a red pen.也可以當吃喝講We have an egg. She has an egg. 還有一種用法,那就是上什么課。例如We have a cook class with my grandmother. Sun Wukong has a kung fu class on Mondays.還可以是留著什么頭發(fā)They have short black hair. My mum has long hair.還可以是穿著什么You have white and blue shoes.She has white and blue shoes.還可以是戴著眼鏡I have black glasses. Mr. Hu has black glasses.
2.5 can, may, will在第三人稱單數(shù)后面不變化
比如I can do Kung Fu. Well read a book next Sunday. Wu Jialun will read a book in the study.
英語教學中第三人稱單數(shù)及其后面動詞的變化對于初學者來說確實繁雜了些,需要多記憶勤練習方能融會貫通運用自如。
(作者單位:山東省濱州市濱城區(qū)濱北街道辦事處八里王小學)