蔡鑫娜,譚敏,曹勝亮,黃艷,孫法超,商營利,劉思當(dāng),肖一紅
山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué) 動物醫(yī)學(xué)院/動物科技學(xué)院,山東 泰安 271000
豬繁殖與呼吸綜合征病毒nsp4抗體制備與鑒定
蔡鑫娜,譚敏,曹勝亮,黃艷,孫法超,商營利,劉思當(dāng),肖一紅
山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué) 動物醫(yī)學(xué)院/動物科技學(xué)院,山東 泰安 271000
蔡鑫娜, 譚敏, 曹勝亮, 等. 豬繁殖與呼吸綜合征病毒nsp4抗體制備與鑒定. 生物工程學(xué)報, 2017, 33(8): 1276–1283.
Cai XN, Tan M, Cao SL, et al. Preparation and identification of polyclonal antibodies specific for nsp4 protein of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. Chin J Biotech, 2017, 33(8): 1276–1283.
為了獲得豬繁殖與呼吸綜合征病毒 (PRRSV) nsp4的抗體,根據(jù)HP-PRRSV TA-12株 (GenBank Accession No. HQ416720) 的nsp4基因序列,設(shè)計并合成一對引物。用RT-PCR擴增后克隆到原核表達載體pET-28a(+) 中,構(gòu)建重組質(zhì)粒pET28a-nsp4,轉(zhuǎn)化至Trasseta(DE3),經(jīng)IPTG誘導(dǎo)重組蛋白獲得了高效可溶性表達,大小約為26 kDa。經(jīng)鎳離子親和柱 (Ni+-NTA) 純化獲得了高純度重組蛋白,將純化的nsp4蛋白免疫新西蘭大白兔制備了多克隆抗體。ELISA檢測抗體效價可達106,Western blotting和IFA檢測結(jié)果表明所制備的多克隆抗體具有良好的免疫反應(yīng)特異性,能夠識別PRRSV感染宿主細胞中的nsp4蛋白。本研究成功制備了針對nsp4的多克隆抗體,為進一步研究nsp4的功能及PRRSV致病機制奠定了基礎(chǔ)。
豬繁殖與呼吸綜合癥病毒,nsp4,多克隆抗體,鑒定
豬繁殖與呼吸綜合征 (Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome,PRRS) 是由 PRRS病毒 (PRRSV) 引起的一種急性傳染病。該病以母豬繁殖障礙、各年齡段豬呼吸系統(tǒng)障礙等為主要特征。該病1987年在美國首次報道[1],隨后迅速在北美洲和歐洲蔓延[2],我國于1996年由郭寶清等首次從疑似PRRS病例中分離到PRRSV,從而證實了本病在我國的存在[3]。2006年6月我國江西等地出現(xiàn)了高致病性豬繁殖與呼吸綜合征(Highly pathogenic PRRS,HP-PRRS)[4-6],感染豬臨床特征表現(xiàn)為持續(xù)高熱、精神萎靡、食欲廢絕、呼吸困難、腹部皮膚發(fā)紺、耳朵變藍、眼瞼水腫等癥狀。各日齡豬表現(xiàn)出高發(fā)病率(50%-100%) 和高死亡率 (20%-100%)。之后我國其他多個省份也相繼出現(xiàn)該病。造成300多萬頭豬發(fā)病,死亡豬只達到50多萬頭,嚴(yán)重影響我國養(yǎng)豬產(chǎn)業(yè)的經(jīng)濟效益[7-8]。2008年底我國農(nóng)業(yè)部將HP-PRRS列為一類動物疫病[9]。
PRRSV屬于動脈炎病毒科動脈炎病毒屬。PRRSV基因組為單股、正鏈RNA,長約15 kb,共含有9個相互重疊的開放讀碼框 (Open reading frame,ORF)[10],即 ORF1 (ORF1a 和 ORF1b)、ORF2 (ORF2a和 ORF2b)、ORF3、ORF4、ORF5(ORF5a)、ORF6和 ORF7[11-13]。PRRSV基因組編碼7個結(jié)構(gòu)蛋白和14個非結(jié)構(gòu)蛋白 (nsp)。其中,nsp4由ORF1a編碼,是具有兩種酶活性的絲氨酸蛋白酶,可以切割前體多聚蛋白 pp1a和pp1ab裂解產(chǎn)生多個非構(gòu)蛋白 (nsp3-12),這些非結(jié)構(gòu)蛋白在PRRSV病毒復(fù)制與增殖過程中起著決定性的作用[14-16]。因此,nsp4在PRRSV感染過程中起著決定性的作用,但具體作用機制尚不明確。為了研究nsp4的生物學(xué)功能及其在PRRSV感染過程中的作用機制,本研究制備了高效價的抗nsp4的抗體。
HP-PRRSV TA12株 (GenBank Accession No.HQ416720)、PRRSV 疫苗株 CH-1R、非洲綠猴腎細胞Marc-145細胞、pET-28a(+) 原核表達載體均由山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)臨床病理實驗室保存,克隆大腸桿菌DH5α感受態(tài)細胞、表達菌株Trasseta(DE3) 感受態(tài)均購于TranGen Biotech公司。
T4 DNA連接酶、預(yù)染蛋白分子量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)均購于Thermo公司;限制性內(nèi)切酶NheⅠ和XhoⅠ、Trans2K Plus DNA 分子量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)均購自大連TaKaRa公司;高純度質(zhì)粒小提試劑盒、瓊脂糖凝膠DNA回收試劑盒、抗His鼠單克隆抗體均購于康為世紀(jì)生物科技公司;卡那霉素 (Kan+)、氨芐青霉素 (Amp+) 均購自索萊寶公司;增強型HRP-DAB底物顯色試劑盒購自北京Tiangen公司;Clarity Max? Western ECL Substrate購于Bio-Rad公司;HRP標(biāo)記的羊抗鼠IgG (H+L) 抗體購于Beyotime公司;Cy3標(biāo)記的羊抗兔IgG抗體及 FITC標(biāo)記的羊抗豬 IgG抗體購自Jackson公司;弗氏完全佐劑、弗氏不完全佐劑購自美國 Sigma公司;硝酸纖維素膜 (PVDF)購自美國Millipore公司;Ni+-NTA 鎳離子親和層析介質(zhì)購自南京金斯瑞生物科技有限公司。
根據(jù)GenBank發(fā)表的HP-PRRSV TA12株全基因組序列 (Accession No. HQ417620),設(shè)計并合成了一對用于擴增nsp4基因片段的引物。在上游引物中引入了NheⅠ酶切位點,在下游引物中引入了XhoⅠ酶切位點,上、下游引物間距離為612 bp。上游引物序列:5′-CCCGCTAGCG GTGCTTTCAGAACTCA-3′;下游引物序列:5′-CCCTCGAGTTCCAGTTCGGGTTTGGC-3′。引物由生工生物工程 (上海) 股份有限公司合成。
取出感染HP-PRRSV TA-12株的Marc-145細胞病毒液加入 TRIzol試劑,充分混勻后,按照說明書提取RNA。反轉(zhuǎn)錄體系為20 μL,包括:5×反轉(zhuǎn)錄酶緩沖液 2 μL、0.01 mol/L dNTPs 4 μL、RNA 酶抑制劑 1 μL、Oligo(dT)18 primer 1 μL、AMV 反轉(zhuǎn)錄酶 1 μL、RNase-free dH2O 1 μL、模板 RNA 10 μL;反應(yīng)條件:42 ℃ 60 min,70 ℃5 min。PCR反應(yīng)體系為 50 μL:上下游引物各1 μL,TaKaRa Premix Taq DNA 聚合酶 25 μL,cDNA 2 μL,補 ddH2O水至 50 μL。反應(yīng)條件:94 ℃ 5 min ;94 ℃ 30 s,62 ℃ 30 s,72 ℃ 45 s,共31個循環(huán);72 ℃延伸10 min,4 ℃終止。PCR產(chǎn)物經(jīng)膠回收試劑盒回收、純化。
將pET-28a(+) 原核表達載體與nsp4擴增片段分別利用NheⅠ和XhoⅠ進行雙酶切、膠回收純化、連接、轉(zhuǎn)化至DH5α感受態(tài)細胞。用Kan+篩選重組轉(zhuǎn)化子,挑取單個菌落接種于5 mL含Kan+抗性LB培養(yǎng)基中,37 ℃搖菌5 h,對菌液進行PCR鑒定,將菌落PCR鑒定為陽性的菌株擴大培養(yǎng)后提取重組質(zhì)粒,并對質(zhì)粒進行NheⅠ和XhoⅠ雙酶切鑒定,酶切鑒定正確的質(zhì)粒送至生工生物工程 (上海) 股份有限公司測序。測序成功的陽性重組質(zhì)粒命名為pET28a-nsp4。
重組表達質(zhì)粒 pET28a-nsp4轉(zhuǎn)化至表達菌Trasseta(DE3) 感受態(tài)細胞,然后涂布于含Kan+抗性的LB平板,37 ℃培養(yǎng)過夜,挑取單菌落于LB培養(yǎng)基中活化過夜,按1%比例轉(zhuǎn)接到新鮮含有 Kan+抗性的 LB培養(yǎng)基中培養(yǎng)至 OD600約為0.6時,加入終濃度為1 mmol/L的IPTG,誘導(dǎo)5 h。4 ℃、10 000 r/min離心5 min收集菌體,將收集的菌體經(jīng)超聲破碎后進行SDS-PAGE鑒定。參照金斯瑞 Ni+-NTA親和層析介質(zhì)說明書進行蛋白純化。
將純化的nsp4蛋白進行SDS-PAGE并轉(zhuǎn)印至PVDF膜上,以1∶2 000稀釋抗His標(biāo)簽鼠單克隆抗體為一抗,再加入1∶3 000稀釋的HRP標(biāo)記的羊抗鼠IgG抗體為二抗,利用Bio-Rad公司ECL發(fā)光試劑盒或DAB試劑盒進行顯色。
將純化的nsp4蛋白按照1∶1體積比與弗氏完全佐劑混合,充分乳化后,背部皮下多點注射新西蘭大白兔3 只,劑量為1 mg/只。以后每隔3周用純化的蛋白與弗氏不完全佐劑1∶1混合、乳化進行2次加強免疫,免疫劑量均為1 mg/只。3次免疫之前新西蘭大白兔均通過耳緣靜脈采血,4 ℃離心分離血清,–80 ℃保存?zhèn)溆谩?/p>
采用間接ELISA方法測定抗體效價,免疫前兔血清作陰性對照。用純化的nsp4蛋白包被抗原200 ng/孔,4 ℃過夜、封閉,免疫兔血清經(jīng)1∶102-1∶108稀釋后按 100 μL/孔加入,37 ℃孵育1 h,再加入1∶3 000稀釋的HRP標(biāo)記的羊抗兔 IgG 100 μL,37 ℃孵育 1 h。利用 3 mol/L H2SO4終止反應(yīng)后,使用酶標(biāo)儀在OD450處讀取吸光值。
將 HP-PRRSV、經(jīng)典 PRRSV 分別感染Marc-145細胞,以未接毒的細胞作為陰性對照,24 h后收集細胞裂解液經(jīng) SDS-PAGE分離后轉(zhuǎn)入PVDF膜上,加入1∶200稀釋的制備的兔多克隆抗體,加入1∶2 000稀釋的HRP標(biāo)記的羊抗兔IgG抗體為二抗,DAB顯色。
將Marc-145細胞以 105個/cm2的密度鋪 96孔板。待細胞長成單層時進行接毒,培養(yǎng) 24 h后用4%多聚甲醛固定,1% trixon-100透化,以1∶200、1∶600、1∶800 稀釋兔多抗血清后 37 ℃孵育1 h,分別加入Cy3標(biāo)記的羊抗兔、FITC標(biāo)記的羊抗豬二抗避光37 ℃作用1 h,熒光顯微鏡和共聚焦顯微鏡下觀察結(jié)果。
以提取的HP-PRRSV TA-12毒株總RNA為模板,反轉(zhuǎn)錄合成cDNA,經(jīng)PCR特異性擴增得到大小約612 bp的片段,與預(yù)期目的片段大小相符 (圖1)。
構(gòu)建的重組質(zhì)粒經(jīng)NheⅠ、XhoⅠ雙酶切鑒定,1%瓊脂糖電泳分析,得到兩個片段分別為5 400 bp和612 bp,與預(yù)期大小相同 (圖2);測序結(jié)果分析與原序列核甘酸同源性為100% (結(jié)果未展示),表明重組質(zhì)粒pET28a-nsp4構(gòu)建成功。
圖1 HP-PRRSV TA-12株nsp4的擴增Fig. 1 Amplification of PRRSV nsp4 gene by PCR. M:DNA marker 5000; 1: PCR product of the nsp4 gene;2: negative control.
圖2 重組質(zhì)粒pET28a-nsp4酶切鑒定結(jié)果Fig. 2 Identification of the recombinant plasmid pET28ansp4. M: DNA marker 5000; 1: undigested pET28ansp4; 2: pET28a-nsp4 digested by NheⅠand XhoⅠ.
將誘導(dǎo)表達的細菌裂解液用12% SDS-PAGE膠分離,考馬斯亮藍染色后結(jié)果顯示重組表達質(zhì)粒pET28a-nsp4在Trasseta(DE3) 中獲得了高效表達,得到了大小約為26 kDa的可溶性重組蛋白 (圖 3)。
將誘導(dǎo)后的菌體超聲破碎后收集上清,按照鎳離子親和柱 (Ni+-NTA) 說明書進行蛋白純化,得到純度較高的可溶性重組蛋白 (圖4)。
采用間接ELISA方法測定抗體效價,將純化的nsp4蛋白包被抗原,以自制的兔血清為一抗,HRP標(biāo)記的羊抗兔抗體為二抗。酶標(biāo)儀讀數(shù)表明第3次免疫后的兔血清效價可達到106(圖5)。
圖3 SDS-PAGE分析nsp4在Trasseta(DE3) 表達Fig. 3 SDS-PAGE analysis of recombinant nsp4 expressed in Trasseta (DE3). M: protein marker; 1: the whole bacteria of pET-28a(+)transformed Trasseta(DE3) before induction; 2: the whole bacterium of pET-28a(+) transformed Trasseta (DE3) after induction;3: the whole bacterium of pET28a-nsp4 transformed Trasseta (DE3) before induction; 4: the whole bacterium of pET28a-nsp4 after induction; 5: supernatant of pET28a-nsp4 after induction; 6: precipitation of pET28a-nsp4 after induction; 7: Western blotting analysis of the recombinant nsp4 protein after induction; 8: Western blotting analysis of the whole bacteria of pET-28a(+) after induction.
圖4 nsp4純化產(chǎn)物SDS-PAGE及Western blotting鑒定Fig. 4 SDS-PAGE and Western blotting analysis of the recombinant protein. M: protein marker; 1: supernatant before purification; 2: supernatant after purification;3: wash buffer; 4–9: the purified recombinant nsp4 protein 3.1 mg/mL, 2.3 mg/mL, 0.8 mg/mL, 0.5 mg/mL,0.35 mg/mL, and 0.21 mg/mL; 10: Western blotting analysis of the recombinant nsp4 protein.
圖5 用間接ELISA檢測兔抗nsp4抗體滴度Fig. 5 Titration of the rabbit anti-nsp4 sera by ELISA.
用制備的 nsp4兔多克隆抗體分別與HP-PRRSV、經(jīng)典PRRSV感染后的Marc-145細胞裂解物進行反應(yīng)。結(jié)果顯示,HP-PRRSV和經(jīng)典PRRSV自身產(chǎn)生的nsp4蛋白均在25 kDa處出現(xiàn)特異性反應(yīng)條帶,而未感染PRRSV的細胞在相應(yīng)位置沒有出現(xiàn)條帶 (圖6)。
為進一步驗證所制備抗體的特異性,對感染HP-PRRSV和經(jīng)典PRRSV后的Marc-145細胞進行了IFA檢測,熒光顯微鏡觀察結(jié)果顯示,制備的抗體在1∶800稀釋時均能夠檢測到較強的熒光信號 (圖7)。共聚焦觀察結(jié)果表明,nsp4位于細胞漿中,而用PRRSV陽性血清檢測的病毒成分則分布于細胞漿和細胞核 (圖8)。
圖6 用Western blotting鑒定兔抗nsp4血清特異性Fig. 6 Identification of the rabbit anti-nsp4 sera by Western blotting. M: protein marker; 1: TA-12-infected Marc-145 cell lysates; 2: CH-1R-infected Marc-145 cell;3: uninfected Marc-145 cell lysates.
圖7 用IFA鑒定兔抗nsp4抗血清(200×)Fig. 7 Identification of the rabbit anti-nsp4 sera by IFA(200×).
圖8 用共聚焦顯微鏡觀察nsp4的亞細胞定位(630×)Fig. 8 Localization of the nsp4 protein in the PRRSV-infected cellsby confocal microscopy(630×).
PRRSV感染機體后,在nsp4的作用下,可產(chǎn)生多個非結(jié)構(gòu)蛋白,在這些非結(jié)構(gòu)蛋白中,nsp1、nsp2、nsp4和nsp7包含有B細胞表位,并且能刺激機體產(chǎn)生抗體[17-22]。其中 nsp2和nsp7可以作為PRRSV不同分離株鑒別診斷的方法。nsp4也包含B細胞表位,在 PRRSV感染的早期也能檢測到抗nsp4的抗體,說明nsp4具有較強的抗原性[23-27]。本研究中利用原核表達系統(tǒng)成功表達純化了nsp4蛋白,通過對表達條件的優(yōu)化,獲得了可溶性表達。可溶性表達的蛋白更加接近天然構(gòu)象,保留原有的線性表位和構(gòu)象表位,誘導(dǎo)產(chǎn)生的抗體水平較高,特異性較強。將nsp4免疫新西蘭大白兔,經(jīng)3次免疫后獲得的抗 nsp4抗體的效價能達到 106。并且該抗體可應(yīng)用于IFA、Western blotting等常規(guī)實驗,具有較高的特異性和敏感性。
通過用制備的抗 nsp4抗體對感染的 HPPRRSV的 Marc-145分析發(fā)現(xiàn),nsp4位于細胞漿中,這與已報道的nsp4可在細胞核中檢測到不同[28]。其原因可能為nsp4的表達方法不同,我們的研究中是PRRSV感染的細胞,而已報道的是將nsp4基因克隆入帶有GFP標(biāo)簽的真核表達載體中進行表達,GFP可在胞漿、胞核中均能檢測到,因此nsp4在胞核中檢測到可能是GFP引導(dǎo)而導(dǎo)致的入核。
nsp4具有復(fù)雜和重要的生物學(xué)功能,除了包含有 B細胞表位,可刺激機體產(chǎn)生高效價抗體外,還可以作為蛋白酶裂解多聚蛋白產(chǎn)生多個非結(jié)構(gòu)蛋白,以及通過干擾 NF-κB通路而抑制IFN-β產(chǎn)生而抑制機體的先天性免疫反應(yīng)[29-30]。但對于nsp4在PRRSV感染過程中的具體作用未知。DNAStar對來自不同毒力的nsp4氨基酸序列分析發(fā)現(xiàn),其同源性達到 97.5%。Western blotting和IFA結(jié)果也證明,制備的抗體與經(jīng)典PRRSV的 nsp4也可以反應(yīng),擴大了其應(yīng)用范圍,為進一步揭示nsp4功能的研究提供了重要平臺。
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(本文責(zé)編 陳宏宇)
Preparation and identification of polyclonal antibodies specific for nsp4 protein of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus
Xinna Cai, Min Tan, Shengliang Cao, Yan Huang, Fachao Sun, Yingli Shang,Sidang Liu, and Yihong Xiao
College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271000, Shandong, China
To obtain specific antibodies against nsp4 protein of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus(PRRSV), nsp4 gene was amplified by RT-PCR and cloned into pET-28a(+) vector, designated pET28a-nsp4. pET28a-nsp4was transformed into Escherichia coli Trasseta (DE3) cells and expressed after induction of IPTG. SDS-PAGE analysis showed that the recombinant protein was expressed in soluble form with the molecular weight of 26 kDa. The soluble fusion protein in the supernatant was purified using Ni+-NTA affinity chromatography. New Zealand rabbits were immunized by the purified nsp4 and anti-sera against nsp4 were obtained. The titer of polyclonal antibodies was about 106and showed good specificity and sensitivity in the immunofluorescence assay and Western blotting analysis. The polyclonal antibodies also recognized native nsp4 form PRRSV infected Marc-145 cells, providing a useful tool in PRRSV replication mechanism study.
porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, nsp4, polyclonal antibody, identification
March 25, 2017; Accepted: June 14, 2017
Yihong Xiao. Tel: +86-538-8242478; Fax: +86-538-8241419; E-mail: xiaoyihong01@163.com
Supported by: Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (No. ZR2014CM024), Funds of Shandong “Double Tops”.
山東省自然科學(xué)基金 (No. ZR2014CM024),山東省“雙一流”獎補基金資助。