齊永波
高考英語書面表達(dá)題側(cè)重考查學(xué)生根據(jù)試題提供的情景和特定的要求進(jìn)行書面表達(dá)的能力,包括遣詞造句等語言表達(dá)能力、邏輯思維能力和想象能力。2017年全國(guó)高考英語卷書面表達(dá)題,分值25分(廣東實(shí)際為25×1.125=28.125分)。筆者參加了評(píng)卷工作,現(xiàn)結(jié)合廣東考生在書面表達(dá)題中出現(xiàn)的一些問題,對(duì)該題的答題情況進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)要分析,并對(duì)2017年英語全國(guó)I卷書面表達(dá)題提出解題指導(dǎo)。
一、2017年高考英語全國(guó)?玉卷書面表達(dá)題及特點(diǎn)
假定你是李華,正在教你的英國(guó)朋友Leslie學(xué)習(xí)漢語。請(qǐng)你寫封郵件告知下次上課的計(jì)劃。內(nèi)容包括:
(1)時(shí)間和地點(diǎn);
(2)內(nèi)容:學(xué)習(xí)唐詩;
(3)課前準(zhǔn)備:簡(jiǎn)要了解唐朝的歷史。
注意:
1. 詞數(shù)100左右;
2. 可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié),以使行文連貫。
這道題的設(shè)置緊貼生活實(shí)際,寫信內(nèi)容自然融入中國(guó)文化,與大綱吻合,體現(xiàn)了對(duì)考生學(xué)科素養(yǎng)的考查。同時(shí)郵件主體是中國(guó)與英國(guó)學(xué)生的交際行為,涉及跨文化交流,有益于培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的文化底蘊(yùn)。 題中第三個(gè)寫作要點(diǎn)為寫作提供了開放空間,考生可以根據(jù)自己的知識(shí)儲(chǔ)備進(jìn)行發(fā)揮,同時(shí)也考查學(xué)生如何表達(dá)觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度等,符合《普通高中英語新課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)(2003版)》目標(biāo)的要求。
二、答題情況
筆者在評(píng)卷過程中發(fā)現(xiàn),絕大多數(shù)考生對(duì)作文題的審題較準(zhǔn)確,基本能寫出四個(gè)內(nèi)容要點(diǎn),結(jié)構(gòu)較為完整,開頭語、正文、結(jié)尾部分基本符合書信體規(guī)范,對(duì)于唐詩和唐朝文化都能夠進(jìn)行一定程度的介紹。但語言表達(dá)句型不夠豐富,連貫詞僵硬死板;部分考生審題不夠細(xì)致,致使作文與題目無關(guān),或關(guān)聯(lián)性不強(qiáng);有的考生甚至用背誦默寫或直接抄襲試卷中的其他內(nèi)容來完成作文??傮w來看,今年的考生篇章意識(shí)較往年有所增強(qiáng)。
三、主要失分點(diǎn)分析
1. 審題不清
有考生弄錯(cuò)了寫信人與收信人之間的關(guān)系,不是以Leslie的朋友身份進(jìn)行寫信,即沒有假定Lihua是Leslie的朋友。
2. 內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)表達(dá)不確切或抄襲
一些考生沒有明確寫出授課的時(shí)間和地點(diǎn),也沒有明確學(xué)習(xí)的內(nèi)容是唐詩,把對(duì)唐朝歷史的了解寫成了對(duì)中國(guó)歷史的了解。還有考生全篇都寫了完全與主題無關(guān)的內(nèi)容,或者一字不改地全盤照抄試卷中的其他內(nèi)容,這類作文得零分。有的考生直接抄一部分無關(guān)內(nèi)容夾雜在自己作文中,企圖蒙混過關(guān),對(duì)這類作文,評(píng)卷老師一般只根據(jù)與主題有關(guān)的內(nèi)容來給分。
3. 單詞誤用
①Because the library is very quite. (quite和quiet混用)
②I like Chinese poems, who wrote lots of poets.(poet是詩人,poem才是詩)
4. 大小寫不分
①The time of our next class is friday. (應(yīng)把friday改為Friday)
②Tang poems are very famous in old china.(應(yīng)把china改為China)
5. 詞性混用
①You can prepare these plans to improve your study effective. (改為efficiency)
②I think you like the Chinese cultural. (改為culture)
③If necessarily, I would change my plan.(改為necessary)
④I feel delight to write to you.(改為delighted)
⑤Its honor for me to tell you the next lesson.(改為honorable)
⑥You can learn Chinese fastly.(改為fast)
⑦Its difficulty to learn it well.(改為difficult)
6. 拼寫錯(cuò)誤
① Ill give you some suggestions as you good friend.(把you改為your )
②The next Chinese lessen will be set at my home.(把lessen改為lesson)
③I thing we will have a comfortable class.(把thing改為think)
④I believe you will fall in love with Chinese poens.(把pones改為poems)
⑤If you arent free, I will change my plant. (把plant改為plan)
⑥I will teache you Tang poems. (把teache改為teach)
7. 可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞分不清
①I think you will make a great progress.(去掉a)
②Ill give you some informations.(把informations改為information)
③I have a good news to tell you.(去掉a)
④I have many time this weekend.(把many改為much)endprint
8. 錯(cuò)用介詞
①We will learn Tang poems in next lesson.(去掉 in)
②The next lesson is arranged on next weekend.(去掉on)
③The next class is on my home.(把on改成at)
④Lets meet in the gate of our school.(把in改成at)
⑤Please trust in yourself, you can learn Chinese well.(去掉in)
⑥I will teach you about Tang Poems.(去掉about)
9. 謂語錯(cuò)誤
①I will waiting for your reply.(改為wait for)
②I am intend to teach you Chinese.(改為am intended to)
③I writing to tell you the time of next lesson.(改為am wrting)
④ Do you interesting in Tang poems?(改為Are you interested in...?)
⑤I suggest that you can do...(去掉can或把can改為should)
⑥Our lesson will be started at 8:00 a.m.(改為will start或starts)
10. 中式英語
①Please dont forget the next lesson begin time.
②I know you very like Chinese culture.
③In order to you can better to study Chinese, I suggest that you learn the history of Tang Dynasty in advance.
11. 標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)錯(cuò)誤
①The plan is as follows:(將冒號(hào)改為句號(hào))
②Only in this way, can you learn Chinese well. (去掉逗號(hào))
③《A Tranquil Night》, one of my favorite poems , was written by Libai.(去掉書名號(hào))
12. 卷面和字?jǐn)?shù)問題
卷面不整潔,書寫潦草,字體過大或過小,間距太密或太疏等,都會(huì)影響評(píng)卷老師給分。字?jǐn)?shù)不夠也會(huì)扣分,但太多的話(只要沒有超過給出的18行),今年評(píng)卷都沒有給予扣分。
13. 語言不得體
With my help, you must learn Chinese well.
14. 分段不對(duì)
部分考生只寫一段,也有考生隔行寫或每句寫一段,這些都是不可取的。
15. 其他誤用
①Youd better to understand the history to Tang Dynasty.(情態(tài)動(dòng)詞沒有掌握好)
②Im writing to tell you the next times plan.(錯(cuò)用名詞所有格)
③You need to ready something for Tang poems.(ready和prepare不分)
④I will teach you Tangshi.(用中文拼音來表述)
⑤I like JingYeshi wrote by Libai.(非謂語動(dòng)詞掌握不牢)
⑥This summer holiday I have a 3 months vacation.(數(shù)詞表達(dá)不準(zhǔn)確)
四、解題指導(dǎo)
1. 如何寫開頭
高考英語全國(guó)卷書面表達(dá)題多為書信類寫作,此類文章通常要求開篇寫明寫信目的。常用的句型是Im writing to do sth.今年的書面表達(dá)題開頭部分可以這樣寫:
①I am writing to tell you the arrangement of the next class.
②Im writing to tell you my plan for our next Chinese class and remind you to do some preparations for the class.
③Im writing to inform you of the plan of the next class.
④Had you completely understand what I taught you yesterday? Im writing to inform you the plan of your next Chinese lesson.
2. 如何寫好中間段
(1)盡量使用高中詞匯
①I would like to give you some suggestions.(替代advice)
②I will be available after class. (替代free)
③You are supposed to do some preparations. (替代should)endprint
④The lesson is scheduled to be held on Jan 9th in Guangzhou Library.
(2)用短語比用單詞好
①The most significant thing you should bear in mind is that you had better come to my home on time.(替代remember)
②The next lesson falls on this Sunday morning, which will begin at 9:00 am and end 11:00 am.(替代begins或starts)
(3)巧用形容詞和副詞
①Im looking forward to your timely reply.
②At last, Im firmly/ fully convinced that with our combined efforts, you are bound to make great progress in studying Chinese.
③To satisfy your interest better, I sincerely recommend you to do some brief research of Tang Dynasty, which will contribute favorably to deepen your understanding of those poems.
(4)非謂語動(dòng)詞是亮點(diǎn)
①Differing from the poem of Britain, the Poems of Tang have many topics.
②Having realized your burning desire to learn Chinese, Im writing to tell you the next Chinese class.
③I will prepare the class seriously, hoping that you will satisfy with my lesson and learn more knowledge.
(5)靈活運(yùn)用復(fù)合句
①There have been three weeks since we had the last lesson.
②I suggest that you should make a knowledge of Tang Dynasty, which is a boom and colorful ancient dynasty.
③What I want to stress is that you are supposed to learn the history of Tang Dynasty in advance.
(6)固定句型、介詞短語不能少
①No one can deny the fact that learning Chinese is of great benefit to you.
②When it comes to Chinese, there is no doubt that Tang Poems is very famous.
③There is no doubt that you will make great progress if you study hard.
④To be honest, you made great progress and it hits me that I have never seen such a foreigner like you who can have so brilliant and excellent spoken ability.
(7)巧用特殊句式、名言警句
①Finally, if I were you, I would learn some related information about Tangs history.(虛擬語氣)
②Only in this way can you learn Tang poems well.(倒裝句)
③If necessary, I would change my plan.(省略句)
④So excited am I that I cant wait to teach you to study Chinese. Here is a brief schedule.(倒裝句)
⑤Practice makes perfect.(熟能生巧)
(8)用被動(dòng)句比用主動(dòng)句好
①To begin with, the course is to be held at 9:00 in school reading room on this Sunday morning, thus you have to arrange your schedule accordingly in advance.
②You are expected to know the history of Tang Dynasty roughly.
③Tang poems are filled with beautiful words and moving emotions.endprint
(9)合理恰當(dāng)使用連接詞,不要為了連貫而連貫
①Firstly, I arranged the class, which will be set at my home.
②Anyway, you can take this task into great consideration because it contributes to learn Tang poems well.
③More importantly, you will be exposed to some wonderful Tang poems in my class.
3. 如何寫好結(jié)尾
書信寫作的結(jié)尾部分一般會(huì)根據(jù)情景使用一些客套性、委婉性的語句。此時(shí),要注意的是作文題目給出的最后一個(gè)寫作要點(diǎn)能不能直接作為書信的客套性結(jié)尾,如果不能,我們可以結(jié)合書信開頭及常識(shí),以及不同信體特點(diǎn),自行聯(lián)想增加結(jié)尾,做到首尾呼應(yīng)。如建議信的結(jié)尾通常是期待接納建議;咨詢信和求助信的結(jié)尾通常是希望得到回復(fù)和幫助;申請(qǐng)信和求助信的結(jié)尾通常表達(dá)“申請(qǐng)獲批準(zhǔn)”的愿望;感謝信的結(jié)尾可以再次表達(dá)感謝等。2017年的書面表達(dá)題的最后一個(gè)寫作要點(diǎn)是關(guān)于“課前準(zhǔn)備:簡(jiǎn)要了解唐朝的歷史”,由此,考生可以大膽判斷應(yīng)自行增加結(jié)尾部分,如:
①If you have any question in the process of preparing, feel free to ask me. I am looking forward to the class.
②If there are any doubts, please contact me without hesitation. Hoping that you will succeed in learning Chinese. Best wishes.
③With making full preparations, you will be attracted by the beauty of Tang Poems. Your prompt and favorable reply would be highly appreciated.
綜上所述,高考英語書面表達(dá)題作為高考試卷的重要組成部分,考生要想在這一塊獲得高分,除了要認(rèn)真審題,準(zhǔn)確識(shí)記單詞,掌握基本語法結(jié)構(gòu)和句子結(jié)構(gòu),還要擁有扎實(shí)的英語寫作功底,熟練掌握寫作基本思路和方法,注重字?jǐn)?shù)和書寫,有規(guī)則意識(shí),切不可堆砌浮夸,死記硬背范文。
責(zé)任編輯 魏文琦endprint