羅成勇

高考英語書面表達(dá)有25分，占試卷總分的六分之一，但考生得分懸殊。究其原因，除了卷面、書寫、篇幅以及是否偏題等因素之外，考生還要在語言的潤飾、語法結(jié)構(gòu)的巧用和上下文的連貫等方面狠下功夫。下面，筆者將英語寫作的小技巧略述如下。

[用倒裝替代陳述]

I will never forget the day we spent together last Sunday. （一般表達(dá)）

Never will I forget the day we spent together last Sunday. （高級(jí)表達(dá)）

I was so excited that I couldnt wait to try my hand at riding it. （一般表達(dá)）

So excited was I that I couldnt wait to try my hand at riding it. （高級(jí)表達(dá)）

We can improve our English only in this way. （一般表達(dá)）

Only in this way can we improve our English. （高級(jí)表達(dá)）

The frightening sound came from the valley. （一般表達(dá)）

From the valley came the frightening sound. （高級(jí)表達(dá)）

點(diǎn)撥 倒裝是讓句子凸顯亮點(diǎn)的方法之一，寫作中常見的倒裝情況有以下幾種：

1. 將否定詞（如not， seldom， hardly， no sooner， little）或否定詞組（如in no case， at no time， by no means， under no circumstances）置于句首，構(gòu)成倒裝。

2. “so+形容詞/副詞”置于句首，主句倒裝。

3.“only+狀語（從句）”置于句首，句子（主句）倒裝。

4. 在表達(dá)地點(diǎn)時(shí)，我們可用地點(diǎn)狀語開頭，使用全倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。

[用雙重否定代替肯定]

The diligent student passes the exams every time. （一般表達(dá)）

The diligent student never fails to pass the exams every time. （高級(jí)表達(dá)）

點(diǎn)撥 在寫作時(shí)適時(shí)應(yīng)用雙重否定可以增強(qiáng)表達(dá)效果，增加得分亮點(diǎn)，尤其用在表示非?？隙ǖ恼Z氣中時(shí)。

[用被動(dòng)代替主動(dòng)]

We can borrow at most ten books at a time， and we can keep them for a week. （一般表達(dá)）

At most ten books can be borrowed at a time and they can be kept for a week. （高級(jí)表達(dá)）

點(diǎn)撥 漢語常用主動(dòng)語態(tài)，而英語常用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。英語經(jīng)常使用事物名稱或形式主語開頭，強(qiáng)調(diào)一件事發(fā)生某人身上，而漢語經(jīng)常以人稱開頭，強(qiáng)調(diào)某人做了某事。因此，使用被動(dòng)語態(tài)更符合英語的特點(diǎn)。如果能把整篇文章中兩三個(gè)句子變成被動(dòng)語態(tài)，就會(huì)使整篇文章的句子更有層次感。

[使用“高級(jí)”的簡單句]

Beijing， the capital of China， is very beautiful. （同位語）

To study well， we need to do sports. （動(dòng)詞不定式作狀語）

Not having received her letter， he wrote another one. （現(xiàn)在分詞完成時(shí)作狀語）

Frightened by the noise outside， Sue dared not sleep in her bedroom. （過去分詞作狀語）

Lots of homework to do， the little boy had to stay home all day. （獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語）

Instead of giving us answers immediately， he encourages us to think by ourselves. （介詞短語作狀語）

The survivors lay on the beach， exhausted and shocked. （形容詞作狀語）

點(diǎn)撥 簡單句其實(shí)不簡單。若我們將簡單句與非謂語動(dòng)詞、形容詞短語、介詞短語、同位語、獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)等巧妙結(jié)合在一起，可以增加句子的信息量，使表達(dá)形式豐富。

[使用高級(jí)詞匯，展現(xiàn)語言功底]

第一 first→to begin/start with

最后 finally→ast but not least/eventually

選擇 choice→alternative

課程 course→curriculum

充足 enough→adequate

勤奮的 hard-working→diligent

缺點(diǎn) shortcoming→drawback

使用 use→employ/make use of

合適的 proper→appropriateendprint

豐富的 rich→abundant

與……不同 be different from→differ/vary from

因……而聞名 be famous for→have a reputation for

點(diǎn)撥 在下筆成句之前，要想一想有沒有可以替換該句中某個(gè)詞的高級(jí)詞匯。在平時(shí)的寫作訓(xùn)練中，若堅(jiān)持這樣做，就會(huì)養(yǎng)成使用高級(jí)詞匯的習(xí)慣。

[短語優(yōu)先，避免重復(fù)]

It doesnt makes any difference （代替differ） from ordinary voting events， in which candidates go around to seek supports.

Our class came up with （代替found） the idea to make better use of used materials.

However， a plan can bear no fruit without being actually carried out （代替conducted）.

I am fond of （代替like） the students from the countryside.

people in need（代替poor people）

Many people are somewhat puzzled at the negative side of the voting， although some are not puzzled about it， and active in doing it.

→Many people are somewhat puzzled at the negative side of the voting， although some are quite hapy with it， and active in doing it. （避免重復(fù)）

點(diǎn)撥 某些情況下使用詞組、短語來代替單詞，可以增加文采。同時(shí)，避免過多地使用某一個(gè)單詞，必要時(shí)使用恰當(dāng)?shù)耐x詞代替。

[巧用復(fù)合句式，提升文章檔次]

同學(xué)們?nèi)绻ㄆ獙懙氖呛唵尉?，即使沒有一點(diǎn)錯(cuò)誤，也難以獲得高分。相反，若恰當(dāng)使用了復(fù)合句，如定語從句、狀語從句、名詞性從句等，會(huì)增強(qiáng)文章的表現(xiàn)力，即使有些許錯(cuò)誤，作文也會(huì)得到較高的檔次。

例如表達(dá)“我弟弟喜歡拉小提琴，他曾在許多比賽中獲過獎(jiǎng)，有些比賽是在上海舉辦的”，很多同學(xué)寫成My brother loves playing violin. He has won many prizes in many competitions. Some of the competitions were held in Shanghai.

這三句話的表意都很清楚，但過于平淡，沒有美感可言。在這里若使用定語從句，就可以整合出這樣的句子：My brother， who loves playing violin， has won prizes in many competitions， some of which were held in Shanghai.此句連續(xù)使用兩個(gè)定語從句，使原來的三個(gè)短句迅速變?yōu)橐粋€(gè)長句，為文章增加了一個(gè)亮點(diǎn)。

又如表達(dá)“他們沒有出現(xiàn)，這讓我們很難過”，有同學(xué)寫They did not turn up. It made us very upset. 我們可以改成They did not turn up， which made us very upset.或The fact that they did not turn up made us very upset.

再如寫“我們做得很好，因此我們受邀與我校學(xué)生分享我們的想法和經(jīng)驗(yàn)”，有同學(xué)寫We did well， so we were invited to share our idea and experience with all the students of our school，但如果寫成這樣：We did so well that we were invited to share our idea and experience with all the students of our school，這里含有結(jié)果狀語從句，表達(dá)效果明顯增強(qiáng)了。endprint