肖江濤
摘 要:穆圖系列案件是國際體育糾紛解決的經(jīng)典案例,該系列案件前后持續(xù)了11年,經(jīng)歷了一個(gè)完整的國際體育糾紛解決過程。從案例分析的角度出發(fā),對(duì)國際體育糾紛機(jī)制存在的困境進(jìn)行法理分析,即國際體育糾紛解決機(jī)構(gòu)管轄權(quán)的交叉、“一事不再理”原則的缺位、體育仲裁裁決的司法審查與體育仲裁自治及體育特殊性沖突、體育糾紛解決機(jī)構(gòu)的決定和裁決的執(zhí)行不力;并提出對(duì)策: 1)應(yīng)先用盡體育行會(huì)的內(nèi)部救濟(jì),再根據(jù)事先或者事后訂立的仲裁協(xié)議申請(qǐng)?bào)w育仲裁機(jī)構(gòu)進(jìn)行仲裁或者調(diào)解;2)應(yīng)完善通知制度和案件關(guān)聯(lián)性審查制度,以保證“一事不再理”原則的適用,有效節(jié)約司法資源,提高國際體育糾紛解決的效率;3)司法審查與體育特殊性和體育仲裁自治的沖突,司法審查必須在盡量尊重體育特殊性和體育仲裁自治的前提下,審慎地進(jìn)行公共政策方面的審理;4) 必須采用經(jīng)濟(jì)懲罰手段與紀(jì)律處罰方式相濟(jì)的方式,保證國際體育糾紛解決機(jī)構(gòu)決定和裁決的權(quán)威性。
關(guān)鍵詞:國際體育糾紛;國際體育糾紛解決機(jī)制;體育仲裁;管轄權(quán);一事不再理;司法審查;法理分析;執(zhí)行
中圖分類號(hào):G 80-05 文章編號(hào):1009-783X(2017)05-0411-05 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:A
Abstract: The series of Mutu Cases is a kind of classic case of international sports dispute settlement, which lasted for 11 years, and experienced a complete international sports dispute settlement procedure. From the perspective of case analysis, the present research makes a legal analysis on the dilemma of international sports dispute mechanism, namely, the overlapping jurisdiction of the international sports dispute settlement mechanism, the lack of the "non bis in idem" principle, the conflict between the judicial review of international sports arbitration, sports autonomy and sports specificity and the weak enforcement of the arbitrations or decisions made by the sports dispute settlement bodies, and puts forward the following countermeasures: 1) internal remedy of sports associations should be exhausted before the application of arbitration or mediation in sports arbitration institutions according to prior or subsequent arbitration agreement; 2) the notification system and the related case review system should be improved to ensure the application of "non bis in idem" principle and effective use of judicial resources, and to improve the efficiency of international sports disputes; 3) the conflict between judicial review and sports specificity and sports arbitration autonomy should be considered, and judicial review should conduct prudent trial of the public policy issues on the premise of sports specificity and respect the autonomy of sports arbitration; 4) the combination of economic punishment and discipline punishment should be adopted so as to guarantee the authority of the international sports dispute resolution mechanism in the decisions and verdicts.
Keywords: international sports disputes; international sports dispute settlement mechanism; sports arbitration; jurisdiction; "non bis in idem" principle; judicial review; legal analysis; enforcement
2003年8月,英超聯(lián)賽切爾西足球俱樂部(Chelsea Football Club,以下簡稱切爾西俱樂部)從意甲聯(lián)賽帕爾馬俱樂部簽入羅馬尼亞籍球員阿德里安·穆圖(Adrian Mutu,以下簡稱穆圖),轉(zhuǎn)會(huì)費(fèi)共計(jì)2 250萬歐元,雙方簽署為期5年合同,合同至2008年6月30日。2004年10月1日,英格蘭足球協(xié)會(huì)(English Football Association Limited,F(xiàn)A,以下簡稱“英足總”)在對(duì)球員禁藥檢測中發(fā)現(xiàn)違禁物質(zhì)可卡因,俱樂部于10月28日宣布終止與穆圖的合同。2004年11月4日,英足總紀(jì)律委員會(huì)給予穆圖禁賽7個(gè)月并罰款2萬英鎊的處罰。2004年11月10日,穆圖將俱樂部終止球員合同的決定上訴至英超聯(lián)盟(Football Association Premier League Limited)理事會(huì),2005年1月26日,穆圖與切爾西俱樂部達(dá)成協(xié)議,將球員是否違反雇用合同及俱樂部終止合同是否基于正當(dāng)理由等問題,提交英超聯(lián)盟上訴委員會(huì)(FAPLs Appeals Committee)。2005年4月20日,F(xiàn)APLAC裁定,穆圖①在合同保護(hù)期內(nèi)無正當(dāng)理由違反合同義務(wù)。endprint
首都體育學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào)2017年5期