金 鑫, 孫盼盼, 洪 云, 虞 樂(lè), 李 曙△
(1. 皖南醫(yī)學(xué)院藥理學(xué)教研室, 2. 皖南醫(yī)學(xué)院護(hù)理學(xué)教研室, 3. 皖南醫(yī)學(xué)院弋磯山醫(yī)院超聲醫(yī)學(xué)科,4. 皖南醫(yī)學(xué)院病理生理學(xué)教研室, 蕪湖 241000)
葛根素對(duì)人非小細(xì)胞肺癌A549細(xì)胞凋亡的作用*
金 鑫1, 孫盼盼2, 洪 云3, 虞 樂(lè)4, 李 曙4△
(1. 皖南醫(yī)學(xué)院藥理學(xué)教研室, 2. 皖南醫(yī)學(xué)院護(hù)理學(xué)教研室, 3. 皖南醫(yī)學(xué)院弋磯山醫(yī)院超聲醫(yī)學(xué)科,4. 皖南醫(yī)學(xué)院病理生理學(xué)教研室, 蕪湖 241000)
目的觀察葛根素對(duì)人非小細(xì)胞肺癌A549細(xì)胞生長(zhǎng)的抑制作用及其機(jī)制。方法體外培養(yǎng)人非小細(xì)胞肺癌細(xì)胞(A549),不同濃度(60 μg/ml,120 μg/ml,240 μg/ml)葛根素處理24 h后;采用CCK-8法觀察葛根素對(duì)細(xì)胞的增值抑制作用;吖啶橙(AO) /溴化乙錠(EB)雙染法及AnnexinⅤ-PI雙染流式細(xì)胞術(shù)檢測(cè)藥物作用前后A549細(xì)胞的形態(tài)學(xué)變化及凋亡狀況;Western blot法檢測(cè)Apelin/APJ蛋白水平的變化。結(jié)果CCK-8法檢測(cè)結(jié)果說(shuō)明葛根素能抑制A549細(xì)胞的增值,具有濃度和時(shí)間依賴關(guān)系;流式細(xì)胞術(shù)進(jìn)一步證實(shí)葛根素具有誘導(dǎo)細(xì)胞凋亡的作用,與A549細(xì)胞組比較,葛根素各處理組Apelin/APJ 蛋白水平均有不同程度下調(diào)。結(jié)論葛根素可能通過(guò)調(diào)節(jié)Apelin/APJ蛋白的表達(dá)誘導(dǎo)A549細(xì)胞凋亡。
葛根素;A549;Apelin/APJ;凋亡
目前,肺癌已經(jīng)成為嚴(yán)重影響人類生命健康的疾病,我國(guó)肺癌死亡率30年上升了4倍,預(yù)計(jì)2025年,我國(guó)將有100萬(wàn)人死于肺癌[1]。葛根素是從豆科植物野葛的干燥根中提取的一種化學(xué)成分,目前主要制劑為葛根素注射液,臨床主要治療心血管疾病,不僅可以減慢心率、降低血壓,還具有擴(kuò)張冠狀動(dòng)脈、抗心肌缺血、抗心律失常等藥理作用[2-4]。有關(guān)研究表明,葛根素也可誘導(dǎo)腫瘤細(xì)胞凋亡[5,6]。但其作用機(jī)制尚不清楚。本實(shí)驗(yàn)以人非小細(xì)胞肺癌A549細(xì)胞為靶細(xì)胞,通過(guò)體外培養(yǎng)方式觀察葛根素對(duì)A549細(xì)胞生長(zhǎng)影響,并探討其作用機(jī)制,為葛根素的臨床應(yīng)用提供理論依據(jù)。
1.1 主要材料
葛根素(方明藥業(yè)有限公司);Hyclone胎牛血清、Hyclone 1640 培養(yǎng)基(賽默飛伊爾生物化學(xué)制品北京有限公司);胰酶細(xì)胞消化液(碧云天生物技術(shù)研究所);Triozol 細(xì)胞裂解液(Life Technologies公司);順鉑(美國(guó),Sigma)。
人非小細(xì)胞肺癌A549 細(xì)胞(non-small cell lung cancer, NSCLC)由上海栩冉生物科技有限公司提供,配置含10%胎牛血清的1640培養(yǎng)液,將A549細(xì)胞株用培養(yǎng)液培養(yǎng)于培養(yǎng)瓶中,培養(yǎng)條件是37℃,5% CO2。細(xì)胞貼壁生長(zhǎng),用胰酶消化傳代。
1.2 方法
1.2.1 細(xì)胞增殖抑制實(shí)驗(yàn):取對(duì)數(shù)生長(zhǎng)期的A549細(xì)胞以1×104cells/ml的密度接種于96孔細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)板,每孔200 μl,每組均設(shè)6個(gè)復(fù)孔,培養(yǎng)24 h,棄去原培養(yǎng)液,分別加入含葛根素濃度為20、40、60、120、240 μg/ml的培養(yǎng)基,另設(shè)不加藥物的對(duì)照組,繼續(xù)培養(yǎng)8、12、24、36、48 h,培養(yǎng)板每孔加入CCK-8溶液20 μl,培養(yǎng)箱放置2 h,取出培養(yǎng)板,顯微鏡下觀察細(xì)胞狀態(tài),用酶標(biāo)儀于波長(zhǎng)490 nm處檢測(cè)各孔的吸光值(OD值),計(jì)算細(xì)胞生長(zhǎng)抑制率。實(shí)驗(yàn)重復(fù)3次,確定IC50。
1.2.3 吖啶橙(AO)/溴化乙錠(EB)染色:取對(duì)數(shù)生長(zhǎng)期的A549細(xì)胞接種于24孔板中,過(guò)夜培養(yǎng)后,棄上清,實(shí)驗(yàn)分組:A549空白組、葛根素低劑量組(60 μg/ml)、中劑量組(120 μg/ml)、高劑量組(240 μg/ml)和順鉑對(duì)照組(5 μg/ml)。培養(yǎng)24 h后,吸棄培養(yǎng)液,加入AO/EB染液室溫避光染色 30 min,吸棄染液,PBS 洗滌,熒光顯微鏡下觀察、拍照。
1.2.4 AnnexinⅤ-PI雙染流式細(xì)胞術(shù):取對(duì)數(shù)生長(zhǎng)期A549細(xì)胞,以密度為1×105cells/ml接種于6孔板內(nèi),每孔2 ml。37℃,5% CO2培養(yǎng)箱中培養(yǎng)24 h。換成含10%血清的DMEM,37℃繼續(xù)孵育12 h,使細(xì)胞進(jìn)入靜止期。棄上清,實(shí)驗(yàn)分組,培養(yǎng)24 h,收集培養(yǎng)的細(xì)胞。細(xì)胞染色: 加入500 μl的Binding Buffer懸浮細(xì)胞,加入5 μl Annexin V/FITC 混勻后,在上機(jī)前5~10 min加入5 μl Propidium Iodide,混勻。室溫避光反應(yīng)5~10 min,流式細(xì)胞儀上機(jī)分析細(xì)胞凋亡情況。
1.2.5 Western blot檢測(cè)Apelin及APJ蛋白表達(dá) 低溫提取細(xì)胞蛋白,BCA法測(cè)定蛋白濃度。每孔上樣60 μg蛋白,10% SDS-PAGE分離樣品,轉(zhuǎn)膜、封閉,分別滴加β-actin(1∶2 000)、Apelin(1∶500)及APJ(1∶200)一抗4℃過(guò)夜。洗膜,二抗(1∶2 000)室溫孵育1 h。洗膜后將高靈敏的ECL化學(xué)發(fā)光劑加到膜的正面,采用Bio-Rad ChemiDoc XRS+成像系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行拍照用,Image J1.43(National Institutes of Health)軟件進(jìn)行灰度值分析并比較各組蛋白表達(dá)差異。
1.3 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析
2.1 葛根素對(duì)A549細(xì)胞增值的抑制作用
通過(guò)計(jì)算分析各孔吸光度OD值,得出葛根素抑制A549細(xì)胞生長(zhǎng)具有濃度和時(shí)間依賴性。作用24 h下,所測(cè)的IC50為(118±4.47)μg/ml,因此設(shè)置60、120和240 μg/ml為實(shí)驗(yàn)藥物低、中、高濃度(圖1)。
2.2 葛根素作用A549細(xì)胞后的形態(tài)學(xué)變化
通過(guò)AO/EB熒光染色,正常組細(xì)胞核呈綠色,而葛根素組作用24 h后細(xì)胞核呈綠色、橙色和紅色,說(shuō)明細(xì)胞發(fā)生凋亡,并且隨著葛根素濃度的增加,細(xì)胞凋亡的數(shù)量不斷增加(圖2,見(jiàn)彩圖頁(yè)Ⅱ)。
2.3 AnnexinⅤ-PI雙染流式細(xì)胞術(shù)檢測(cè)細(xì)胞凋亡
葛根素作用24 h后,A549細(xì)胞都發(fā)生凋亡反應(yīng),但濃度不一樣,細(xì)胞凋亡的比例也不一樣,葛根素60 μg/ml、120 μg/ml和240 μg/ml作用下細(xì)胞凋亡比例分別為(11.24±0.94)%、(32.6±4.18)%和(50.98±2.38)%。進(jìn)一步證明葛根素對(duì)A549細(xì)胞生長(zhǎng)具有抑制作用,且具有濃度依賴性。葛根素高劑量組與順鉑治療組比較細(xì)胞凋亡無(wú)顯著性差異(圖3,表1)。
Fig.3Flow cytometric analysis of apoptosis in A549 following treatment with puerarin
A: A549 group; B: Low-dose puerarin group; C: Middle-dose puerarin group;D: High-dose puerarin group; E: Cisplatin group
GroupRateofapoptosisA549group3.14±0.54Low-dosepueraringroups11.24±0.94*Middle-dosepueraringroups32.60±4.18**High-dosepueraringroups50.98±2.38**Cisplatingroups47.67±1.60**
*P<0.05,**P<0.01vsA549 group
2.4葛根素作用A549細(xì)胞后Apelin與APJ蛋白變化
通過(guò)Western blot法分析比較,在A549細(xì)胞中Apelin與APJ蛋白都具有較高的表達(dá),葛根素處理24 h后,A549細(xì)胞中Apelin與APJ蛋白表達(dá)水平均顯著下降(P<0.05,P<0.01),高劑量葛根素組與順鉑治療組比較,差異無(wú)顯著性(圖4,表2)。
Fig.4Expression of Apelin and APJ Protein in A549 in all groups
A: A549 group; B: Low-dose puerarin groups; C: Middle-dose puerarin groups; D: High-dose puerarin groups; E: Cisplatin groups
Tab. 2 Expression of Apelin and APJ protein(±s,n=6)
*P<0.05,**P<0.01vsA549 group
葛根素是從天然植物葛根中提取出來(lái)的有效成分,研究證明其具有擴(kuò)張血管、降低血壓、抗氧化等作用,在細(xì)胞方面具有修復(fù)內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞損傷及抑制腦細(xì)胞凋亡等藥理作用[7,8]。但對(duì)于人非小細(xì)胞肺癌A549細(xì)胞的作用研究尚少。本實(shí)驗(yàn)以A549細(xì)胞為靶細(xì)胞,通過(guò)體外培養(yǎng)方式觀察發(fā)現(xiàn)葛根素具有抑制A549細(xì)胞生長(zhǎng)的作用,為葛根素新的臨床用途提供理論依據(jù)。
1993年O'Down等從人類基因組中分離出APJ受體,它是一種G蛋白偶聯(lián)受體,1998年Tatemoto[9]等從牛胃分泌物中發(fā)現(xiàn)APJ受體的內(nèi)源性配體命名為Apelin,后期研究證明Apelin廣泛表達(dá)于胃腸道、脂肪組織、腎臟、骨等組織和心血管系統(tǒng)的多個(gè)部位[10-12],常見(jiàn)的有Apelin-12、Apelin-13、Apelin-19和Apelin-36等多種多肽片段。Apelin/APJ系統(tǒng)在各組織和部位中起著許多生物學(xué)功能。已有研究發(fā)現(xiàn)Apelin/APJ在心血管疾病中起著重要的作用,Apelin作為一種血管生成因子,可以舒張血管降低血壓,增強(qiáng)心肌收縮力,參與動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化、心梗、心衰改善,調(diào)節(jié)高血壓的治療。Apelin/APJ與各組織細(xì)胞也有著密切關(guān)系,多種組織細(xì)胞表達(dá)和分泌這種內(nèi)源性多肽,Sorli[13]等研究發(fā)現(xiàn)在恒河猴離體視網(wǎng)膜的脈絡(luò)膜血管內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞的增殖、遷移和毛細(xì)血管樣管道的形成過(guò)程中,Apelin起著促進(jìn)作用,BertaJ[14]等發(fā)現(xiàn)Apelin作為血管生成因子在人非小細(xì)胞肺癌細(xì)胞中高度表達(dá),參與腫瘤細(xì)胞的生長(zhǎng),Wang[15]等發(fā)現(xiàn)人乳腺癌Hs578T細(xì)胞系中Apelin/APJ大量表達(dá)。以上研究證明Apelin/APJ在腫瘤細(xì)胞中表達(dá)增加,Apelin/APJ與腫瘤的發(fā)生發(fā)展及腫瘤細(xì)胞的增殖密切相關(guān),特別是在肺癌細(xì)胞中尤為突出。本研究表明在人非小細(xì)胞A549細(xì)胞中Apelin/APJ蛋白大量表達(dá),葛根素處理后,可顯著降低apelin/APJ蛋白表達(dá)水平,提示這可能是葛根素誘導(dǎo)A549細(xì)胞凋亡的重要機(jī)制。
總之,葛根素可以抑制人非小細(xì)胞肺癌A549細(xì)胞的生長(zhǎng),并且可以誘導(dǎo)凋亡的發(fā)生,其作用機(jī)制是通過(guò)Apelin/APJ通路調(diào)節(jié)產(chǎn)生的。
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PuerarininducesapoptosisinA549cells
JIN Xin1, SUN Pan-pan2, HONG Yun3, YU Le4, LI Shu4△
(1. Department of Pharmacology, 2. Department of Nursing, 3. Department of Ultrasonography, Yijishan Hospital,4. Department of Pathophysiology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China)
Objective: To explore the effect of puerarin induced apoptosis in human non-small cell lung canner A549 cells and its possible mechanisms.MethodsA549 cells were cultivated in vitro. When 80%~90% confluence was reached, they were treated with puerarin in different concentration (60、120、240 μg/ml). The effects on cell apoptpsis were examined by CCK-8 colorimetry. Characteristic morphological changes of apoptosis were observed by AO/EB staining. The apoptosis of A549 cells were detected by flow cytometry analysis. The proteins level of Apelin and APJ were tested by Western blot.ResultsCCK-8 test showed that puerarin could inhibit the proliferation of A549 cells in a time and concentration dependent manner. Flow cytometry analysis indicated that puerarin could make A549 cells apoptosis. Compared with the A549 cells group, the protein expression of Apelin/APJ was decreased in puerarin groups.ConclusionPuerarin induces apoptosis in A549 cells , and its mechanism may through the regulation of Apelin/APJ expression.
puerarin; A-549; Apelin/APJ; apoptosis
R73-3
A
1000-6834(2017)05-466-04
10.12047/j.cjap.5535.2017.111
皖南醫(yī)學(xué)院校級(jí)重點(diǎn)科研項(xiàng)目培育基金(WK2017Z04)
2016-12-09
2017-07-03
△
Tel: 13965183595; E-mail: 258104975@qq.com
中國(guó)應(yīng)用生理學(xué)雜志2017年5期