河南省鄭州市第十六中學(xué) 昝亞娟

人教版Book 2 Unit 2 The Olympic Games詞匯課的教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)

河南省鄭州市第十六中學(xué) 昝亞娟

本文通過對教學(xué)內(nèi)容、學(xué)生能力的分析，從全新的教學(xué)理念出發(fā)，以The Olympic Games課文為例，結(jié)合筆者自主開發(fā)的教學(xué)資源——丘索維金娜的勵(lì)志故事，以詞匯鞏固為導(dǎo)向，設(shè)計(jì)出從課文導(dǎo)入、鞏固關(guān)鍵詞匯拼寫、鞏固詞匯運(yùn)用、詞匯變形到課后作業(yè)布置的一整套行之有效的教學(xué)方案，在充分發(fā)揮學(xué)生主觀能動(dòng)性、提高學(xué)生運(yùn)用英語詞匯的能力的同時(shí)，培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的英語思維，以期達(dá)到新課標(biāo)對學(xué)生詞匯量和詞語運(yùn)用能力的要求。

詞匯教學(xué)；學(xué)生能力；先進(jìn)理念；教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)

1.教學(xué)內(nèi)容分析

眾所周知，語音、詞匯和語法是構(gòu)成語言的三要素。單詞是最小的語言單位，所以詞匯學(xué)習(xí)是語言學(xué)習(xí)的基礎(chǔ)。語言學(xué)家David Wilkins說過：“Without grammar very little can be conveyed, without vocabulary nothing can be conveyed.（沒有語法能交流的內(nèi)容很少，沒有詞匯則什么也不能交流。）”由此可知，英語詞匯的學(xué)習(xí)是第一重要的。2000年，Dellar和Hocking 出版了Innovations一書。書中談道：“If you spend most of your time studying grammar, your English will not improve very much.You will see most improvement if you learn more words and expressions. You can say very little with grammar,but you can say almost anything with words.”毫無疑問，學(xué)習(xí)詞匯和短語是提高學(xué)生語言能力的關(guān)鍵。

本單元有47個(gè)單詞和5個(gè)短語。但是，教師精選18個(gè)重點(diǎn)詞匯，把它們的單詞變形列出來寫在學(xué)案上，讓學(xué)生事先預(yù)習(xí)。本節(jié)課重點(diǎn)關(guān)注本單元的5個(gè)核心詞：compete、stand for、charge、admit、deserve和它們的用法，提升學(xué)生在具體語境靈活使用詞匯的能力。

2.學(xué)生情況分析

本節(jié)是一節(jié)高三年級的詞匯復(fù)習(xí)課。學(xué)生在高一學(xué)習(xí)過一遍單詞和課文，因此對這些單詞和短語的意義有了基本的了解。通過提供語境讓學(xué)生進(jìn)行體驗(yàn)和感知，使他們能在句子和語篇中準(zhǔn)確掌握單詞和短語的用法，從而使詞匯知識有所拓展，語言能力得到發(fā)展。

3.學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)

(1) Knowledge and skill objectives:

At the end of the class, the students will

①enlarge their vocabulary by learning the rules of word formation;

②master the usages of some key words and phrases by doing different kinds of exercises;

③be able to use proper words to express their ideas freely when talking about the Olympic Games.

(2) Emotional objectives:

At the end of the class, the students will

①get inspiration from Chinese Women’s Volleyball Team and develop a sense of national pride;

②find out what the true Olympic spirit is by sharing their opinions on three topics;

③develop the students’ critical thinking by discussing some hot topics and instilling moral values in the students.

4.教學(xué)步驟

Step 1 Leading in

Watch a short video about the Chinese Women’s Volleyball team winning the fi nal in the Rio Olympic Games

Question: What helped the Chinese Women’s Volleyball team to succeed in the end?

【設(shè)計(jì)意圖】用中國女排在2016年里約奧運(yùn)會(huì)奪冠的視頻作為導(dǎo)入，旨在引出本單元的話題：the Olympic Games，可以激發(fā)學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)興趣，提升民族自豪感，為本節(jié)課的詞匯復(fù)習(xí)打下良好的基礎(chǔ)。

Step 2 Review the spelling of some key words

Write out the given forms of the following words.

compete vi.比賽；競爭/competition n.比賽/competitive adj.有競爭力的/competitor n.競爭者；對手

Greece n.希臘/Greek adj.希臘的；n.希臘人；希臘語

magic n.魔法；巫術(shù)/magical adj.有魔力的；有魔法的

volunteer vt.自愿；n.志愿者/voluntary adj.自愿的；志愿的

regular adj.有規(guī)則的/regularly adv.有規(guī)律地；定期地/on a regular basis定期地；經(jīng)常地

athlete n.運(yùn)動(dòng)員；田徑運(yùn)動(dòng)員/athletic adj.運(yùn)動(dòng)的；運(yùn)動(dòng)員的，體格健壯的

admit v.容納；承認(rèn)；接納/admission n.進(jìn)入/be admitted as 作為……被接受

gymnastics n.體操；體操運(yùn)動(dòng)/gymnasium n.體育館；健身房/gymnast n.體操運(yùn)動(dòng)員

responsibility n.職責(zé)，責(zé)任/responsible adj.有責(zé)任心，負(fù)責(zé)的/responsibly adv.負(fù)責(zé)任地

swift adj.迅速的；敏捷的/swiftly adv.很快地；敏捷地

prince n.王子/princess n.公主

similar adj.相似的/similarly adv.同樣地；類似地/similarity n.相似點(diǎn)

physics n.物理學(xué)/physical adj.物理的；身體的/physically adv.身體上，身體上地

post vt.張貼；公布；n.崗位；郵件/poster n.海報(bào)；招貼/postmen n.郵遞員/post of fi ce n.郵局

a d v e r t i s e v t.為……做廣告；登廣告/advertisement n.廣告/advertiser n.廣告商；登廣告者

glory n.光榮；榮譽(yù)/glorious adj.光榮的，極好的/gloriously adv.光榮地；輝煌地；壯麗地

fool n.傻瓜；受騙者/foolish adj.愚蠢的；傻的/foolishly adv.愚笨地；荒謬地

pain n.痛苦；努力/painful adj.痛苦的；疼痛的/painfully adv.痛苦地；費(fèi)力地

【設(shè)計(jì)意圖】高三英語復(fù)習(xí)備考的任務(wù)之一就是針對考綱列出的3500個(gè)基礎(chǔ)詞匯進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)的復(fù)習(xí)和梳理。復(fù)習(xí)課的宗旨是幫助學(xué)生夯實(shí)基礎(chǔ)，構(gòu)建知識網(wǎng)絡(luò)。在鞏固基礎(chǔ)語言知識的同時(shí)，提升語言技能。由于制作了學(xué)案，教師布置學(xué)生在課前寫出本單元的18個(gè)重點(diǎn)單詞的詞性轉(zhuǎn)換，引導(dǎo)學(xué)生根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法積累和鞏固詞匯，從而擴(kuò)大詞匯量，為培養(yǎng)語言技能打下良好的基礎(chǔ)。

Step 3 Consolidate the usages of some key words and expressions

(1) compete/competitor/competition/competitive

Choose a proper word to fi ll in the blank:

As one of the best competitors, Lisa competed in the running race against 6 other top runners of our school. She was so competitive that she fi nally won the competition.

(2) stand for/stand out/stand by

Choose a word or phrase to replace the underlined part.

①The fi ve rings on the Olympic Flag stand for the fi ve continents of the world. (F)

②The rain was so heavy that the players couldn’t stand for it any longer. (E)

③They hate us and everything we stand for. (C)

④The decision has been made and all the athletes have to stand by it. (A)

⑤As a captain, you cannot stand by and allow such a thing to happen. (D)

⑥These orange buildings in the Olympic village stand out clearly against the blue sky. (B)

A. stick to B. be easily seen C. support D.look on E. bear F. represent

(3) free of charge/in charge of/ charge...for..../charge...with.../charge down/charge up

Replace the underlined parts using a phrase that includes charge:

①Volunteers are allowed to watch the events for free. (free of charge)

②Each spectator paid 100 dollars for admission.(was charged...for...)

③The new manager is in control of the sales of Olympics tickets. (in charge of)

④The player was accused of breaking the rule and got a yellow ticket. (was charged with)

⑤When Lionel Messi returned from the hospital,his teammates ran down to meet him. (charged down)

(4) admit

Replace the underlined parts with another word or phrase

①The player admitted that he had performed badly last night. (acknowledged)

②Zhu Ting was admitted as a member of the Turkey Club last year. (was accepted as)

③The striker who was injured in the football match was admitted to the local hospital. (was allowed to enter)

④Each ticket admits one adult. (allow...to enter)

⑤The footballer refused to admit to accepting the bribe before the match. (accept)

(5) deserve

Complete the following sentence.

The Chinese Women’s Volleyball team ________(值得贊揚(yáng)) for their outstanding performance in the Rio Olympic Games. (deserves our praise/deserves being praised/to be praised)

【設(shè)計(jì)意圖】本環(huán)節(jié)通過選詞填空、英語釋義搭配、同義單詞和短語替換、完成句子等詞匯練習(xí)復(fù)習(xí)和拓展本單元所學(xué)的重點(diǎn)單詞和短語，不僅引導(dǎo)學(xué)生在不同語境中靈活運(yùn)用所學(xué)單詞核心詞匯和短語表達(dá)思想，而且培養(yǎng)學(xué)生用英語思維的習(xí)慣，促進(jìn)語言運(yùn)用能力的發(fā)展。

Step 4 Complete the passage using the proper forms of the given words

When American gymnastics superstar Simone Biles was born in 1997, Oksana Chusovitina had already won fi ve world 1_______ (medal) and an Olympic gold.When Biles’ teammate Laurie Hernandez was born in 2000, Chusovitina was already the mother of a young son. When Gabby Douglas made her Olympic debut in 2012, Chusovitina 2_______ (compete) in her sixth Games.

A list like this could go on and on, because there might be no other 3_______ (athletic) in history like 41-year-old Chusovitina, who was in Rio for her seventh Olympics. Aly Raisman, the U.S. team’s captain, was 22 years old, and she was returning for her 4_______(two) Olympic Games. Her teammates refer to her as“Grandma Aly” because of her age. While she may 5______ (consider) old in the sport, she has quite a ways to go if she wants to match Chusovitina as the 6________ (old) woman to ever compete at the Olympics in gymnastics.

When 7__________ (interview), Chusovitina admitted that it was her son’s disease that drove her to return. She took part in the 1992 Barcelona for 8_______ first time, and won a gold medal. In1996,she retired. She could have lived a peaceful life, but 9___________ (fortunate), her son was diagnosed with leukemia (白血病). She decided to return to her former career.

In Rio, Chusovitina was competing 10______competitors who are the same age as her 17-year-old son Alisher, she still met the challenges without fear.That is why she deserves our respect.

(1. medals 2. was competing 3. athlete 4. second 5. be considered 6. oldest 7. interviewed 8. the 9.unfortunately 10. against)

【設(shè)計(jì)意圖】詞匯學(xué)習(xí)是發(fā)展語言能力的基礎(chǔ)。語言學(xué)習(xí)的最終目的是為了與他人進(jìn)行交流。本環(huán)節(jié)選取2016年第七次參加奧運(yùn)會(huì)的體操運(yùn)動(dòng)員丘索維金娜的勵(lì)志故事，改編為一篇短文填空題。通過語篇訓(xùn)練，讓學(xué)生在語境中鞏固本節(jié)課所學(xué)的詞匯。采用高考題型訓(xùn)練，實(shí)現(xiàn)了基礎(chǔ)詞匯復(fù)習(xí)與高考的對接。通過本文學(xué)生對丘索維金娜的故事有所了解，為下一環(huán)節(jié)組織學(xué)生展開討論做了一個(gè)很好的鋪墊。

Step 5 Discussion

Topic 1: Can you say something about Chusovitina taking part in her seventh Olympics at 41?

Topic 2: What helped the Chinese Women’s Volleyball team to win a gold medal?

Topic 3: Some athletes have taken drugs to boost their competition results. What do you think of it？

【設(shè)計(jì)意圖】前面的幾個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)是語言輸入練習(xí)，學(xué)生通過各種教學(xué)活動(dòng)感知詞匯的意義和用法，逐步構(gòu)建語言知識。本環(huán)節(jié)屬于語言輸入練習(xí)，通過引導(dǎo)學(xué)生對三個(gè)話題：“你如何看待41歲的體操運(yùn)動(dòng)員丘索維金娜第七次參加奧運(yùn)會(huì)？”“中國女排為什么能最終奪冠？”“你如何看待一些運(yùn)動(dòng)員為取得好成績而服用興奮劑？”展開討論，鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生使用本節(jié)課學(xué)習(xí)過的詞匯表達(dá)思想。精選的三個(gè)討論話題新穎時(shí)尚，具有強(qiáng)烈時(shí)代特點(diǎn)。既有積極正面勵(lì)志的人物，又有負(fù)面的事件，目的是培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的批判性思維能力，引導(dǎo)學(xué)生辯證地看待社會(huì)熱點(diǎn)問題。通過討論熱點(diǎn)社會(huì)問題，學(xué)生使用英語表達(dá)自己的觀點(diǎn)，很好地實(shí)現(xiàn)了語言知識的內(nèi)化，由語言知識的積累升華到語言能力的形成。在討論中，啟發(fā)學(xué)生深入思考什么是真正的奧運(yùn)精神，從而樹立正確的人生觀和價(jià)值觀。

Step 6 Homework

The 2022 Winter Olympic Games will be held in Beijing and Zhangjiakou. Suppose you are Li Hua, a high school student. Now you are going to write a letter of application to be a volunteer. Your writing should include:

(1) why you want to be a volunteer;

(2) making a list of your advantages;

(3) hoping to be admitted.

Write no more than 120 words. The beginning and ending have been given.

Dear Sir/Madam,

I am Li Hua, _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Yours,

Li Hua

【設(shè)計(jì)意圖】本環(huán)節(jié)仍圍繞奧運(yùn)話題來設(shè)計(jì)課后作業(yè)。以“2022年北京、張家口舉辦冬季奧運(yùn)會(huì)”為背景，布置學(xué)生寫一封申請信，申請成為下一屆奧運(yùn)會(huì)的志愿者。通過為學(xué)生提供一個(gè)真實(shí)的交際情景，引導(dǎo)學(xué)生正確運(yùn)用所學(xué)的詞匯表達(dá)思想，實(shí)現(xiàn)了學(xué)以致用的目的。

5.本節(jié)課的亮點(diǎn)

5.1 用先進(jìn)的教學(xué)理念引領(lǐng)教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)

根據(jù)建構(gòu)主義學(xué)習(xí)理論，知識不是通過教師傳授得到的，而是學(xué)習(xí)者在一定的情境下，借助于他人（包括教師和學(xué)習(xí)伙伴）的幫助，利用必要的學(xué)習(xí)資料和媒體，通過意義建構(gòu)的方式而獲得的。筆者用建構(gòu)主義理論引領(lǐng)本節(jié)的教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)，注重為學(xué)生提供生動(dòng)有趣的學(xué)習(xí)情境，引導(dǎo)學(xué)生通過感知、體驗(yàn)和討論等活動(dòng)自主構(gòu)建知識，逐步發(fā)展語言能力。由于教學(xué)理念先進(jìn)，教學(xué)目的明確，教學(xué)環(huán)節(jié)設(shè)計(jì)合理，教學(xué)活動(dòng)緊緊圍繞教學(xué)目標(biāo)開展。

5.2 突出學(xué)生的主體地位

本節(jié)課設(shè)計(jì)了各種不同的教學(xué)活動(dòng)，調(diào)動(dòng)學(xué)生積極參與課堂活動(dòng)，突出了學(xué)生的主體地位。避免了傳統(tǒng)的教師講、學(xué)生聽的被動(dòng)的教學(xué)局面。而且，學(xué)生在課堂上有充足的發(fā)言、討論和展示的機(jī)會(huì)，學(xué)習(xí)積極性高漲，有利于學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)的達(dá)成。

5.3 教師自主開發(fā)教學(xué)資源

要想把復(fù)習(xí)課上出新意，教師應(yīng)自主開發(fā)教學(xué)資源。本節(jié)課精選中國女排在巴西奧運(yùn)會(huì)比賽奪取冠軍的視頻和41歲第七次出征奧運(yùn)的體操運(yùn)動(dòng)員丘索維金娜的勵(lì)志故事，不僅提高了課堂教學(xué)的趣味性，而且充分發(fā)揮了語言教學(xué)的人文性。通過自主開發(fā)教學(xué)資源，不斷提升教師自身的專業(yè)能力。

5.4 教學(xué)目標(biāo)全面

針對本節(jié)詞匯復(fù)習(xí)課，教師設(shè)定的既有知識技能目標(biāo)，也有情感目標(biāo)。教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)以奧運(yùn)話題為中心，所有的例句都與奧運(yùn)會(huì)和體育運(yùn)動(dòng)密切相關(guān)，學(xué)生在復(fù)習(xí)基礎(chǔ)詞匯的同時(shí)，加深對奧運(yùn)會(huì)和體育運(yùn)動(dòng)的了解。最后，通過對三個(gè)問題展開討論，引發(fā)學(xué)生思考什么是真正的奧運(yùn)精神、如何從女排奪冠中汲取精神力量、如何看待運(yùn)動(dòng)員服用興奮劑事件。通過開展討論，傳播正能量，培養(yǎng)學(xué)生正確的人生觀和價(jià)值觀，提升學(xué)生的人文素養(yǎng)。

5.5 注重方法指導(dǎo)和培養(yǎng)英語思維習(xí)慣

筆者非常注重對學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)方法進(jìn)行指導(dǎo)，體現(xiàn)在第二步利用構(gòu)詞法復(fù)習(xí)本單元所學(xué)的核心詞匯。學(xué)生能根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法來記憶詞匯，由此英語學(xué)習(xí)變得非常容易，這是英語學(xué)習(xí)成功的關(guān)鍵。筆者設(shè)計(jì)了不同形式的練習(xí)，注重培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的英語思維習(xí)慣，有助于培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的綜合語言運(yùn)用能力。

總之，本節(jié)課在詞匯復(fù)習(xí)教學(xué)方面進(jìn)行了有益的嘗試，取得了良好的教學(xué)效果。作為一線教師，只要我們不斷學(xué)習(xí)教育理論，潛心研究教學(xué)，就能設(shè)計(jì)出更好的教學(xué)方案，既滿足學(xué)生未來發(fā)展的需要，又提升自己的專業(yè)能力。

高文，徐斌艷，吳剛. 2008. 建構(gòu)主義教育研究[M]. 北京：教育科學(xué)出版社.

黃慧，王海. 2007. 對基于建構(gòu)主義理論的我國外語教學(xué)研究的調(diào)查與思考[J]. 外語與外語教學(xué)(6).

教育部. 2003. 普通高中英語課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)（實(shí)驗(yàn)）[M]. 北京：人民教育出版社.

Widdowson,HG. 1978. Teaching Languageas Communication[M]. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

昝亞娟鄭州市第十六中學(xué)正高級英語教師，特級教師。從事高中英語教學(xué)30年，多年教高三畢業(yè)班。教學(xué)成績優(yōu)秀，教研成果突出。主編和參編教輔圖書100多部，發(fā)表教學(xué)論文數(shù)十篇。先后被評為鄭州市十大杰出教師、鄭州市拔尖技術(shù)人才、河南省名師、河南省學(xué)術(shù)技術(shù)帶頭人、河南省教育教學(xué)專家。兼任鄭州市高中英語名師工作室主持人、河南師范大學(xué)研究生校外指導(dǎo)教師、教育部“國培計(jì)劃”名師高端工作坊河南的坊主。