山東 董明義

◇詞句解析

1.How much is this T-shirt?

詢問(wèn)某物的價(jià)格時(shí)，常用句型“How much+be(is/are)+物品？”，意為“……多少錢？”。當(dāng)物品是單數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞時(shí)，用“How much is...?”回答時(shí)用“It's+錢數(shù).”。當(dāng)物品是復(fù)數(shù)名詞時(shí)，用“How much are...? ”回答時(shí)用“They're+錢數(shù).”。例如：

①—How much is the bag?這個(gè)提包多少錢？

—It's ten dollars.10美元。

②—How much are these apples?這些蘋果多少錢？

—They are three dollars.3美元。

【拓展】詢問(wèn)某物的價(jià)格時(shí)，還可用“What's the price of+物品?”，回答也用“It's/They're+錢數(shù).”。

2.When is your birthday?

when是疑問(wèn)副詞，意為“什么時(shí)候”，用來(lái)引導(dǎo)特殊疑問(wèn)句，即對(duì)年、月、日以及時(shí)刻進(jìn)行提問(wèn)。其結(jié)構(gòu)為When+一般疑問(wèn)句？例如：

—When is your brother's birthday?你弟弟的生日是什么時(shí)候？

—His birthday is on June 18th.他的生日是六月十八日。

【拓展】what time意為“幾點(diǎn)”，通常對(duì)具體的時(shí)間（如幾點(diǎn)幾分）進(jìn)行提問(wèn)。

3.At three this afternoon.

My birthday is in August.

I'm very busy on Friday.I want to meet you on Friday afternoon.

這幾句話涉及了表示時(shí)間的介詞at、in和on的用法。

表示“在幾點(diǎn)幾分”或“在中午”時(shí)，用介詞at；表示泛指“在上午（下午、晚上）”時(shí)，用介詞in；在“某年、某月、某個(gè)季節(jié)”用介詞in；特指“在某一天”“某一天的上午（下午、晚上）”或“在星期幾”時(shí)，用介詞on。

4.Have a good time!

Have a good time!作為祝福用語(yǔ)，意為“祝您過(guò)得愉快！”，用于句子中，意為“過(guò)得愉快”。例如：

We have a good time at Bill's birthday party.我們?cè)诒葼柕纳站蹠?huì)上過(guò)得很愉快。

5.Oh，but Sam isn't leaving until next Wednesday.

until的意思是“到……止”，既可用作介詞，也可用作連詞。用作介詞時(shí)，后面一般跟表示時(shí)間的名詞（短語(yǔ)）；用作連詞時(shí)，后面接句子。在肯定句中，主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般是延續(xù)性的，它所表示的動(dòng)作一直持續(xù)到until所表示的時(shí)間為止。在否定句中，主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般是終止性的，表示主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作直到until所表示的時(shí)間才發(fā)生。例如：

①She will stay until Saturday.她要一直待到星期六。

②Wait here until I come back.在這兒等直到我回來(lái)。

③The child couldn't speak until he was five years old.那個(gè)孩子直到5歲才會(huì)說(shuō)話。

6.—Can you come to my party on Saturday afternoon?

—Sure，I'd love to.

情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can用在疑問(wèn)句中，表示委婉語(yǔ)氣的請(qǐng)求、向別人征求意見(jiàn)等。用Could you...?時(shí)，語(yǔ)氣比can更委婉?？隙ɑ卮鹨话銥閅es/Sure/Certainly，I'd love to.（是的/當(dāng)然可以，我很愿意）。否定回答一般用“I'm sorry./Sorry.”表示禮貌地拒絕，也可先說(shuō)I'd love/like to，表示接受對(duì)方的邀請(qǐng)，然后用but說(shuō)明不能接受的原因并表示歉意。例如：

①—Can you help me take these books to the classroom?你能幫我把這些書拿到教室去嗎？

—Sure，I'd love to.當(dāng)然可以，我愿意。

②—Can you go to the movies with me?你能和我一起去看電影嗎？

—Sorry，I can't.對(duì)不起，我不能去。

7.Bring Mr.Steen to the party without telling her so that she can be surprised.

without是介詞，意為“無(wú)；沒(méi)有”，含有否定意思。例如：

①We can't live without water or air.沒(méi)有空氣和水，我們無(wú)法生存。

②I can't do it without your help.沒(méi)有你的幫助，我就不能做這件事。

8.I look forward to hearing from you all.

look forward to是一個(gè)固定短語(yǔ)，意思是“盼望；期待”，to為介詞，后面可跟名詞、代詞、動(dòng)詞-ing形式，不可跟動(dòng)詞原形。例如：

①I am looking forward to seeing you.我期盼著與你見(jiàn)面。

②We are looking forward to the winter holiday.我們正盼望著寒假呢。

9.I prefer music that has great lyrics.

prefer是及物動(dòng)詞，意為“更喜歡；較喜歡”，相當(dāng)于like...better，后面接名詞、代詞時(shí)，表示“更喜歡某人或某物”；后面接動(dòng)詞-ing或不定式作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，表示“特別喜歡做某事”。例如：

①Do you prefer apples or bananas? 你更喜歡蘋果還是香蕉?

②He prefers going to work by bike everyday.他更喜歡每天騎自行車去上班。

My father prefers to watching soccer matches.我父親比較喜歡看足球比賽。

【拓展】prefer...to...，意為“喜歡……而不喜歡……；喜歡……勝過(guò)……”，其中to是介詞，后接名詞、代詞或動(dòng)詞-ing形式。

10.Even after Abing got married and had a home again，he continued to sing and play on the streets.

get married意為“結(jié)婚”，若與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用，要用be married。例如：

They have been married for ten years.他們已結(jié)婚十年了。

【拓展】marry作及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，意為“和……結(jié)婚”，為終止性動(dòng)詞，不可與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用；marry也可用作不及物動(dòng)詞，意為“結(jié)婚”。

11.You're supposed to shake hands.

be supposed to do sth.意為“被期望或按要求做某事；應(yīng)該做某事”，be有人稱、數(shù)和時(shí)態(tài)的變化。例如：

①You were supposed to be here an hour ago.你應(yīng)該在一個(gè)小時(shí)前到這兒。

②Everyone is supposed to wear a seat belt in the car.每個(gè)人在車?yán)锒嫉孟瞪习踩珟А?/p>

12.I have to say that I find it difficult to remember everything.

find作“發(fā)現(xiàn)”講時(shí)，可用于“find+it+形容詞（作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)）+動(dòng)詞不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)，it是形式賓語(yǔ)，真正的賓語(yǔ)是后面的動(dòng)詞不定式。例如：

I found it important to learn English well.我發(fā)現(xiàn)學(xué)好英語(yǔ)很重要。

◇真題鏈接

1.—I love these hair clips. _______are they?—They are ten yuan.

【2018·徐州中考題】

A.How many B.How much

C.How old D.How heavy

【答案與解析】B 從答語(yǔ)判斷，問(wèn)句所問(wèn)的是“價(jià)格”，how much有“多少錢”的意思。故選擇B項(xiàng)。

2.Most of the villagers took part in the Dragon Boat races _______9:00 a.m.________the morning of June 18.

【2018·烏魯木齊中考題】

A.at;in B.at;on

C.on;in D.on;on

【答案與解析】B“在幾點(diǎn)鐘”要用介詞at，特指“在某一天的上午”要用介詞on。故選擇B項(xiàng)。

3.— Hi，Lucy.______ _is your birthday?

—My birthday is on May 2nd.

【2018·昆明中考題】

A.What B.Why

C.when D.where

【答案與解析】C what意為“什么”，why意為“為什么”，when意為“什么時(shí)候”，where意為“在哪里”。從答語(yǔ)推斷，問(wèn)句應(yīng)問(wèn)“你的生日是什么時(shí)候？”，故選擇C項(xiàng)。

4.—My friends and I are going out for a picnic tomorrow.

—_______

【2018·恩施中考題】

A.My pleasure.

B.Have a good time!

C.Help yourselves.

【答案與解析】B 第一句意為“明天我和朋友要去野餐?！盇項(xiàng)為“不用謝。”，B項(xiàng)為“祝你過(guò)得愉快!”，C項(xiàng)為“隨便?！备鶕?jù)語(yǔ)境判斷答句是祝福的話，故選擇B項(xiàng)。

5.We don't know the love of our parents_______we become parents ourselves one day.

【2018·云南中考題】

A.until B.after

C.when D.since

【答案與解析】A not...until意為“直到……才”，after意為“在……后”，when意為“當(dāng)……時(shí)候”，since意為“自從……”。根據(jù)句意判斷，故選擇A項(xiàng)。

6.—Can you go to the opening ceremony of the Sports Center with me?

—_______.I've been looking forward to it.

【2018·宜昌中考題】

A.I'm afraid B.It's a pity

C.Take it easy D.Sure，I'd love to

【答案與解析】D 問(wèn)句意為“你能和我一起去參加體育中心的開(kāi)幕式嗎？”，從答語(yǔ)的第二句推斷，應(yīng)該是肯定的回答。故選擇D項(xiàng)。

7._______your help，I can't get good grades.

【2018·懷化中考題】

A.With B.Without C.For

【答案與解析】B 從“I can't get good grades.”可知，前句應(yīng)該表達(dá)否定的意思“沒(méi)有你的幫助”。故選擇B項(xiàng)。

8.We all look forward to _______you again soon.

【2018·宜賓中考題】

A.see B.seeing C.seen

【答案與解析】B look forward to后面要接動(dòng)詞-ing形式。故選擇B項(xiàng)。

9.Miss.Brown prefers_______at home to_______outside.

【2018·眉山中考題】

A.read；walk B.reading；walk

C.reading；walking D.read；walking

【答案與解析】C prefer...to...意為“喜歡……而不喜歡……”，其中to是介詞，后面接動(dòng)詞-ing形式，prefer...to...應(yīng)連接兩個(gè)相同的成分。故選擇C項(xiàng)。

10.People are supposed _______hands when they meet for the first time in America.

A.shaking B.to shake C.shake

【2018·綏化中考題】

【答案與解析】B be supposed to后面要接動(dòng)詞原形，意為“應(yīng)該做”。故選擇B項(xiàng)。

11.We find _______impossible for us_______a foreign language well in a short time.

【2018·眉山中考題】

A.one;learn B.it;to learn

C.that;to learn D.this;learning

【答案與解析】B 在“find+it+形容詞（作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)）+動(dòng)詞不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)中，只可用it來(lái)充當(dāng)形式賓語(yǔ)，指代后面的動(dòng)詞不定式。故選擇B項(xiàng)。

12.My grandparents _______ for over 60 years and they love each other very much.

【2017·宿遷中考題】

A.have been married B.got married

C.were married D.have got married

【答案與解析】A 從時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)for over 60 years可以確定，此處應(yīng)用表示延續(xù)性的動(dòng)詞。故選擇A項(xiàng)。

◇鞏固練習(xí)

根據(jù)句意，從A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選擇最佳選項(xiàng)。

1.—_______is your new schoolbag?

—It's￥30.

A.How many B.How much

C.How long D.What

2.—Tom，_______do you start celebrating New Year in America?

—On December 31st.

A.when B.where

C.why D.how

3.—My parents and I will go to Qingdao for a trip tomorrow.

—Really? _______.

A.Thank you B.Have a good time

C.You are welcome D.See you

4.I sometimes help my mom with her housework_______Saturdays.

A.at B.in

C.on D.to

5.—It's too late.I have to go now.

—Oh，it's raining outside.Don't leave ________it stops.

A.since B.until

C.while D.though

6.—Can you go shopping with me now?

—_______.But I have to wash my clothes.

A.I'd love to B.I'm afraid not

C.I'm sorry，I can't D.No，thank you

7.Students shouldn't go to school___________breakfast.It's bad for their health.

A.with B.without

C.for D.by

8.—I'm looking forward to________my parents soon.What about you?

—Me too.

A.seeing B.see

C.saw D.be seeing

9.—Betty， did your son _______in the year 2010?

—Yes，he _______for about eight years.

A.married;has married

B.get married;has been married

C.get married;has got married

D.married;was married

10.Theboy_______reading______playing computer games.

A.prefers;than B.prefers;to

C.would rather;than D.would rather;to

11.Animals are our good friends.We are supposed________them.

A.to protect B.protect

C.protecting D.protected

12.They found________difficult________the work in such a short time.

A.that;finish B.it;to finish

C.it;finishing D.that;to finish