?用連詞“穿針引線”時(shí)的易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)

安徽 胡發(fā)高

■用法詮釋

連詞是一種虛詞，它不能獨(dú)立充當(dāng)句子成分，而只能連接單詞、短語(yǔ)、句子或者從句，起的是“穿針引線”的作用。

連詞按其性質(zhì)可分為并列連詞和從屬連詞兩大種類。現(xiàn)結(jié)合2018年各地中考試題，談?wù)勥\(yùn)用連詞時(shí)的易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)。

一、并列連詞

并列連詞用于連接并列的單詞、短語(yǔ)或句子。最常用的并列連詞有“獨(dú)身型”的and、but、or、so和“伙伴型”的both...and、either...or、neither...nor、not only...but also等。其中極易出錯(cuò)的有以下這些：

1.and與but

考查并列連詞的試題常以and、but、so、or作為選項(xiàng)。and通常用于表示對(duì)前面意思的“對(duì)應(yīng)延續(xù)”，而but則表示前面意思的“轉(zhuǎn)折”，因此解題時(shí)必須仔細(xì)推敲前后句意，否則就會(huì)誤選and或but。例如：

我想要買一臺(tái)電腦，可沒有足夠的錢。

I want to buy a computer，and I don't have enough money.(×)

I want to buy a computer，but I don't have enough money.(√)

2.and與or

“祈使句+and+陳述句”與“祈使句+or+陳述句”的用法辨異，是近幾年來(lái)出現(xiàn)最頻繁的連詞考點(diǎn)之一。在這兩種句型中，“and+陳述句”表示前面祈使句的“對(duì)應(yīng)結(jié)果”，而“or+陳述句”則表示前面祈使句的“相反結(jié)果”，即“否則就會(huì)……”。因此解題時(shí)，必須依照其中祈使句和陳述句表達(dá)的對(duì)應(yīng)含義來(lái)判斷是填and還是填or。例如：努力學(xué)習(xí)，你會(huì)取得更大的進(jìn)步。

Work harder，or you will make greater progress.(×)

Work harder，and you willmake greater progress.(√)

快點(diǎn)，否則你會(huì)上學(xué)遲到。

Hurry up，or you will be late for school.(√)

3.so

so連接的句子表示結(jié)果。注意：表示因果關(guān)系時(shí)，“一山不容二虎”。即同一句中用了so就不能再用because。同樣，用了because也不能再用so。例如：

因?yàn)樗矚g雞肉，所以她經(jīng)常吃。

Because she likes chicken，so she eats it very often.(×)

Because she likes chicken，she eats it very often.(√)

She likes chicken，so she eats it very often.(√)

4.both...and，either...or，neither...nor，not only...but also

辨別both...and，either...or，neither...nor和not only...but also的用法時(shí)，我們不但要注意它們自身的含義和句意，還要注意句中謂語(yǔ)的表達(dá)形式。

◆both...and意為“兩個(gè)都……”，句子的謂語(yǔ)要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如：

約翰和彼得正在操場(chǎng)上玩。

Both John and Peter is playing on the playground.(×)

Both John and Peter are playing on the playground.(√)

◆either...or意為“或者……或者……”，句子的謂語(yǔ)依據(jù)or后面的主語(yǔ)而定。例如：

明天我或者你去那里。

Either you or I are going there tomorrow.(×)

Either you or I am going there tomorrow.(√)

◆neither...nor...意為“……和……都不”或者“既不……也不……”。通常連接兩個(gè)對(duì)等的成分，用于否定兩者。連接主語(yǔ)時(shí)，句中的謂語(yǔ)通常與nor連接的主語(yǔ)保持人稱和數(shù)的一致。例如：

Neither he nor his younger brother is at home today.今天他和他弟弟都不在家。

◆not only...but also各引導(dǎo)一個(gè)主語(yǔ)時(shí)，句子的謂語(yǔ)通常依據(jù)but also后面的主語(yǔ)而定；not only...but also各引導(dǎo)一個(gè)句子時(shí)，not only所在的句子要用倒裝語(yǔ)序。例如：

不但學(xué)生而且他們的老師也喜歡那部影片。

Not only the students but also their teacher are enjoying the film.(×)

Not only the students but also their teacher is enjoying the film.(√)

二、從屬連詞

從屬連詞用來(lái)引導(dǎo)名詞性從句和狀語(yǔ)從句。連詞用于引導(dǎo)從句以形成句子的一部分或修飾句子的構(gòu)成要素。

英語(yǔ)的從屬連詞較多，有表示假設(shè)的if和unless，有表示讓步的though和although，有表示原因的because，as，why，有表示時(shí)間的when，while，as，before，after，since，until，as soon as。另外還有表示目的的so that，表示結(jié)果的so、so that等。

在中考英語(yǔ)試題中，考點(diǎn)主要圍繞表示“假設(shè)、讓步、原因、時(shí)間”的連詞來(lái)設(shè)置，其中極易出錯(cuò)的有以下這些：

1.if與unless

if和unless都可用來(lái)引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句。if表示“如果”，與主句形成“正向假設(shè)”關(guān)系；unless表示“如果不；除非”，相當(dāng)于if not，與主句形成“反向假設(shè)”關(guān)系。解答含if和unless用法的試題，易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)在于能否準(zhǔn)確理解從句與主句之間的邏輯關(guān)系。例如：

如果你不抓緊，就會(huì)錯(cuò)過最近的火車。

You will miss the last bus if you hurry up.(×)

You will miss the last bus unless you hurry up.(√)

You will miss the last bus if you don't hurry up.(√)

2.though/although

though/although連接的句子表示讓步概念。漢語(yǔ)中我們可以說“雖然……但是……”，但在英語(yǔ)中不行，though/although和but也是“一山不容二虎”。即同一句中用了though/although就不能再用but。同樣，用了but也不能再用though/although。例如：

雖然他退休了，但是他還努力工作。

Though/Although he has been retired，but he still works hard.(×)

Though/Although he has been retired，he still works hard.(√)

He has been retired，but he still works hard.(√)

3.because與because of

解答考查“原因”的試題時(shí)，because的最大干擾項(xiàng)是because of。because屬連詞，引導(dǎo)的是從句，而because of是介詞短語(yǔ)，后面接的是短語(yǔ)而不是句子。解答這類題關(guān)鍵是看所接的是句子還是短語(yǔ)。

因?yàn)槟抢餂]有水，所以他非?？省?/p>

He was very thirsty because of there was no water there.(×)

He was very thirsty because there was no water there.(√)

4.until與before

在考查until用法的單項(xiàng)選擇題中，常以before作為干擾項(xiàng)。尤其是表示“在……之前”時(shí)，考生在until和before兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)中極易出錯(cuò)。解答這類試題時(shí)，應(yīng)特別注意until的兩種含義：一是until與延續(xù)性或狀態(tài)性動(dòng)詞連用時(shí)表示“直到……”，二是until與瞬間動(dòng)詞連用時(shí)表示“在……之前（不要…… /沒有……）”，此時(shí)，主句的謂語(yǔ)是否定式或句子含有否定概念。例如：

邁克直到爸爸回來(lái)才去睡覺。

Mike went to bed until his father came back.(×)

Mike didn't go to bed until his father came back.(√)

■真題鏈接

1.China is getting more and more independent of western technology，_______it is leading in many fields，such as the self-driving car industry.

【2018·廣東中考題】

A./ B.or C.but D.and

2.Peter spent half a day fishing by the river，_______he didn't catch anything.

【2018·上海中考題】

A.so B.or C.for D.but

3.Be patient!Give him more time，________he will find the answer to the question on his own.

【2018·泰州中考題】

A.but B.or C.and D.so

4._______Anna______ _her brother like listening to soft music.

【2018·青島中考題】

A.Both;and B.Neither;nor

C.Either;or D.Not only;but also

5.—Why don't you get used to the life in Beijing?

—_______the crowded traffic _______the high living cost.The only reason is the badly polluted air.

【2018·達(dá)州中考題】

A.Not only;but also B.Either;or

C.Both;and D.Neither;nor

6.—Which show do you prefer，Running ManorThe Reader?

—The Reader，of course _______I_______my brother likes it.

【2018·黃岡中考題】

A.Both;and B.Neither;nor

C.Either;or D.Not only;but also

7_____.__his right hand was hurt，_______he wrote slowly.

【2018·涼山中考題】

A.Because;so B.Because;/

C.Although;but D.Although;/

8.—It has been much easier for me to go to work _______shared bikes appeared.

—But they also caused plenty of problems.

【2018·宜昌中考題】

A.since B.before C.unless D.though

9.Don't forget to wash your hands ________you have meals.

【2011·臨沂中考題】

A.before B.until C.though D.unless

10.In summer，food will go bad quickly_______we put it into a fridge.

【2018·蘭州中考題】

A.if B.unless

C.as soon as D.while

11.Every day，he gets up early _______he can catch the first bus.

【2017·六盤水中考題】

A.because B.since

C.when D.so that

12.Many people like pandas _______they are cute.

【2018·北京中考題】

A.though B.if

C.while D.because

13.Bob，dinnerisready.Please wash your hands _______ you eat.

【2018·河北中考題】

A.until B.after C.while D.before

14.—Learning to love is like learning to walk.

—Yes，______we step out bravely，we'll find it's not so difficult.

【2018·眉山中考題】

A.as if B.even though

C.as long as D.as far as

15.—Can students go online during lessons?

—They can _______it is for that lesson.

【2018·江西中考題】

A.if B.or C.so D.but