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      小學(xué)英語(yǔ)教材與繪本整合的案例討論

      2018-05-14 12:23侯云潔

      侯云潔

      摘 要:小學(xué)英語(yǔ)教材的體裁單一性特點(diǎn)不利于小學(xué)生閱讀素養(yǎng)的發(fā)展,由于繪本故事圖文并茂、主題豐富、體裁多樣、語(yǔ)言真實(shí),小學(xué)階段將英語(yǔ)教材與繪本整合,能有效促進(jìn)小學(xué)生的閱讀興趣與閱讀動(dòng)機(jī),還能提升審美能力和多元價(jià)值觀。由于小學(xué)英語(yǔ)課時(shí)不夠,與教材融合的方法主要是主題銜接、內(nèi)容結(jié)合,課堂的實(shí)踐模式表現(xiàn)為融合式或者銜接式兩種方式。低年級(jí)段采用圖片環(huán)游法,高年級(jí)段采用片段閱讀法。只要把握好時(shí)間分配與語(yǔ)言聚焦問(wèn)題,教材與繪本整合的教學(xué)就能發(fā)揮其重要作用,促進(jìn)小學(xué)生的英語(yǔ)閱讀能力提升。

      關(guān)鍵詞:教材與繪本整合;圖片環(huán)游;片段閱讀

      教材與繪本整合的必要性

      英語(yǔ)教材是語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)的文本,是基于《義務(wù)教育英語(yǔ)課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)(2011年版)》( 以下簡(jiǎn)稱《課標(biāo)》),具有不同主題和語(yǔ)言知識(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)的規(guī)范文本。英語(yǔ)教材的內(nèi)容和主題雖然豐富多樣,但從體裁豐富性、語(yǔ)言容量度、故事趣味性來(lái)說(shuō)還不夠充分,小學(xué)生的閱讀能力需要通過(guò)課內(nèi)閱讀和課外拓展來(lái)提高閱讀理解能力。根據(jù)《課標(biāo)》“英語(yǔ)教學(xué)的特點(diǎn)之一就是要使學(xué)生盡可能通過(guò)不同渠道、以不同形式來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)真實(shí)、鮮活、實(shí)用的英語(yǔ),直接體驗(yàn)語(yǔ)言和運(yùn)用語(yǔ)言。在英語(yǔ)教學(xué)中,除了合理有效地使用教科書(shū)以外,還應(yīng)該積極開(kāi)發(fā)和利用學(xué)習(xí)的各種資源,為學(xué)生提供豐富、真實(shí)的學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)言和使用語(yǔ)言的機(jī)會(huì)?!蹦壳袄L本閱讀是契合小學(xué)生年齡階段,包含真實(shí)、鮮活的語(yǔ)言,能拓展小學(xué)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)的最佳資源。

      繪本起源于17世紀(jì)的日本和歐洲,中國(guó)近代也有小人書(shū)等類(lèi)似于繪本的書(shū)籍。目前全世界針對(duì)兒童的繪本圖書(shū)種類(lèi)繁多,故事意義豐富,人文價(jià)值突出。英文繪本語(yǔ)言簡(jiǎn)練,能有效地配合小學(xué)英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)。除此之外,小學(xué)英語(yǔ)繪本還有其他幾項(xiàng)功能:第一,從繪本的設(shè)計(jì)來(lái)看,具有審美和情感體驗(yàn)的功能,圖文并茂,生動(dòng)活潑,充滿想象力和創(chuàng)造力。第二,能夠發(fā)展小學(xué)生的多元思維與批判思維能力。繪本作者無(wú)論從主題、故事情節(jié)都具有不同思維和創(chuàng)作手法,因此對(duì)于小學(xué)生的思維品質(zhì)培養(yǎng)具有促進(jìn)作用。第三,繪本的學(xué)習(xí)還能促進(jìn)學(xué)生良好的閱讀體驗(yàn),由于繪本短小精煉,內(nèi)容思想有趣,能吸引學(xué)生主動(dòng)去閱讀,容易形成閱讀成就感。第四,繪本的應(yīng)用還能提升小學(xué)生的閱讀興趣和動(dòng)機(jī),從而輔助甚至強(qiáng)化對(duì)課本內(nèi)容的學(xué)習(xí)。從課外閱讀的研究來(lái)看,主題興趣決定了學(xué)生的閱讀動(dòng)機(jī)。因此,在教學(xué)中融入不同主題的繪本,并與課本主題適當(dāng)銜接,能夠激發(fā)小學(xué)生的閱讀興趣,有效培養(yǎng)小學(xué)生的閱讀能力。第五,經(jīng)典的繪本故事內(nèi)容還能培養(yǎng)學(xué)生良好的道德情感和人文價(jià)值觀。故事是人類(lèi)最常見(jiàn)的敘事方式,通過(guò)有趣的故事傳遞重要的人文價(jià)值觀,讓讀者體驗(yàn)不同文化,形成多元思維,理解世界上不同的價(jià)值觀,逐步發(fā)展跨文化的交際能力和奠定良好的人文素養(yǎng)。

      那么,繪本與教材如何做到整合與對(duì)接呢?小學(xué)英語(yǔ)課時(shí)不足一直是很多學(xué)校面臨的問(wèn)題,在很多公立學(xué)校,一周只有1~3節(jié)英語(yǔ)課,教師很難有效安排好教材與繪本的整合教學(xué)。因此,筆者認(rèn)為,實(shí)施的途徑主要是融合式和銜接式。融合式就是在一節(jié)課內(nèi)將繪本內(nèi)容與課本內(nèi)容進(jìn)行融合,通常課堂時(shí)間總量為課本內(nèi)容一半,繪本內(nèi)容一半,但也可以根據(jù)課本與繪本內(nèi)容進(jìn)行適當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)間調(diào)整。主要原則是“基于主題課內(nèi)整合學(xué)習(xí)、基于興趣課外廣泛閱讀?!毕旅婀P者分別以小學(xué)三年級(jí)與六年級(jí)為例,談一談小學(xué)英語(yǔ)教材與繪本整合的兩種方式:融合式與銜接式及兩種教學(xué)方法、圖片環(huán)游法與片段閱讀法。

      教材與繪本整合的“融合式”案例

      · 低年級(jí)段教材與繪本融合案例 (“融合式”對(duì)接整合、圖片環(huán)游法)

      以人教版《PEP小學(xué)英語(yǔ)》三年級(jí)上冊(cè)Unit 4 “We love animals”為例,本課書(shū)學(xué)習(xí)的句型較為簡(jiǎn)單,學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)到很多關(guān)于動(dòng)物的單詞:

      Whats that?—A bear?

      No! Its a panda (tiger, monkey, bird, duck, rabbit, pig).

      作為初學(xué)者或者已經(jīng)有初步英語(yǔ)基礎(chǔ)的學(xué)生可以閱讀繪本《動(dòng)物派對(duì)》(The Animal Party)(見(jiàn)下頁(yè)圖1),學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)了動(dòng)物的名稱后,拓展繪本中的主句型“Can you …like…?”以及“come to my party”。以下是繪本內(nèi)容:

      “Can you bark like a dog? Yes, I can. Woof! Woof! Good! Come to my party. ”

      “Can you quack like a duck? Yes, Quack! Quack! Good! Come to the party.”

      “Can you hoot like an owl? Too Whit! Too Whoo! You can come to the party too.”

      “Can you moo like a cow? Moo Mooo! Moooooo! Come to my party today.”

      “Can you baa like sheep? Baa! You can come too.”

      “Can you roar like dinosaurs? Roar! Roar! Roar! You can all come to my party.”

      “Too Whit! Too Whoo! Woof! Baa! Quack! Roar! Moo!”

      “We can all talk to the animals!”

      在這個(gè)繪本故事中,學(xué)生只學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)課文中的dog,duck兩個(gè)生詞,其他動(dòng)物的詞分別是owl,cow,sheep,dinosaurs。因此增加這本繪本的閱讀實(shí)際上是增加了四個(gè)動(dòng)物的單詞,并且要學(xué)會(huì)兩句話“Can you … like…?”以及“come to my party”。“融合式”的實(shí)踐方式是教師在教授課本上句型“Whats this / that?”以及動(dòng)物的單詞20分鐘后,進(jìn)入故事學(xué)習(xí),直接用課文句型“Whats this / that?”穿插銜接故事。繪本教學(xué)方式使用圖片環(huán)游法。

      T: (教師在PPT上展示農(nóng)場(chǎng)和奶牛的叫聲,并故意走很遠(yuǎn)做出聽(tīng)動(dòng)物聲音的樣子)Whats that? This time, guess: what animal would Jennifer like to invite? Moo! Mooo! Moooooo!

      Ss: Cow!

      T: Now class, can you moo like a cow?

      Ss: Moo! Mooo!

      T: Ask and invite friends again in groups. “Can you moo like a cow?”Group 1 asks Group 2…

      【設(shè)計(jì)意圖】

      在圖片環(huán)游過(guò)程中,有的圖片花費(fèi)時(shí)間多一些,有的則很快能完成練習(xí)。這幅圖片的操練方式用組與組之間對(duì)話,因?yàn)椤癱ow”這個(gè)詞比較簡(jiǎn)單易學(xué)。

      Step 6:圖片環(huán)游(5)

      T: (老師請(qǐng)一位同學(xué)戴上綿羊頭飾)Whats this? Sheep! Can you baa like a sheep?Baa, follow me, class!

      Ss: Can you baa like a sheep? Baa.

      T: Zhu Yilin, Can you baa like a sheep?

      S (Zhu Yilin): Yes. Baaa.

      T: You can come to my party. Lin Jun, can you baa like a sheep?

      S (Lin Jun): Yes. Baaa.

      T: Good; then come to my party.

      【設(shè)計(jì)意圖】

      這一部分采用師生對(duì)話方式,以盡快結(jié)束對(duì)話練習(xí),留出充分的時(shí)間練習(xí)下面的新生詞,拓展學(xué)習(xí)內(nèi)容。圖片環(huán)游可以讓教師選擇合適的時(shí)間對(duì)每幅圖進(jìn)行詳略得當(dāng)?shù)闹v解。

      Step 7:圖片環(huán)游(6)

      T: (老師放了一段恐龍的叫聲,然后假裝露出害怕的樣子) Whats that? Guess, Jennifer wants to invite…

      Ss: 恐龍。

      T: You are right. (接著老師把圖片在PPT上呈現(xiàn)出來(lái)) Dinosaurs. Read after me.

      Ss: Dinosaurs.

      T: Dinosaurs roar.(老師繼續(xù)播放剛才的聲音,一遍遍重復(fù)roar)

      Ss: Dinosaurs roar.

      【設(shè)計(jì)意圖】

      這次呈現(xiàn)的單詞是生詞,需要學(xué)生反復(fù)讀練,因此,教師要把dinosaur這個(gè)詞練習(xí)很多遍,然后把roar 放在語(yǔ)境中單獨(dú)練習(xí),以讓學(xué)生獲得習(xí)得的效果。

      Step 8:圖片環(huán)游 (7)

      T: (教師在剛才的教學(xué)環(huán)節(jié)中已經(jīng)把頭飾分發(fā)給六個(gè)組不同的同學(xué),因此在動(dòng)物宴會(huì)上,人與動(dòng)物分別用動(dòng)物語(yǔ)言交流)Now, please stand up and talk to each other like the animals.

      Ss: Woof! Woof! Baa! Baa! Quack! Quack! Moo! Moo! Roar! Roar! Too Whit! Too whoo!

      【設(shè)計(jì)意圖】

      讓同學(xué)們模擬真實(shí)動(dòng)物派對(duì)場(chǎng)景,互相用動(dòng)物語(yǔ)言對(duì)話,此時(shí)完成了一本繪本的閱讀,學(xué)生也在玩樂(lè)和動(dòng)物叫聲中感受了人與動(dòng)物友好相處的情景(見(jiàn)圖4)。

      Step 9:朗讀繪本

      T: (教師播放錄音)This time you can read the picture book aloud by following the tape.

      T: (教師讓學(xué)生自己讀)Please read to each other loudly in pairs.

      【設(shè)計(jì)意圖】

      通過(guò)大聲朗讀,再次熟悉所學(xué)繪本內(nèi)容,感受了動(dòng)物派對(duì)友好和諧、有趣生動(dòng)的場(chǎng)面。此時(shí)圖片環(huán)游式閱讀就完成了。

      以上是低年級(jí)段教材與繪本融合的一種教學(xué)模式,此時(shí)學(xué)生語(yǔ)言基礎(chǔ)較為薄弱,所以采用表演式朗讀為主,因?yàn)閷W(xué)生英語(yǔ)剛剛起步或者詞匯量有限,教師可以根據(jù)學(xué)生基礎(chǔ)對(duì)圖片環(huán)游中的某些圖片詳細(xì)處理,或者簡(jiǎn)略處理,以確保在有限時(shí)間內(nèi)閱讀和欣賞完一本繪本。教師在最后重點(diǎn)強(qiáng)調(diào)主句型的同時(shí),也就結(jié)束了繪本的學(xué)習(xí)。在此案例中,課內(nèi)課本句型“Whats this/ that?”與課外繪本句型“Can you bark (talk) like a dog(ducks, cows)?”… 進(jìn)行了無(wú)痕的對(duì)接整合,這就是融合型教學(xué)。

      教材與繪本整合的“銜接式”案例

      ·高年級(jí)段教材與繪本融合案例 (“銜接式”對(duì)接整合、片段閱讀法)

      下面是高年級(jí)段教材與繪本融合的繪本教學(xué)模式,使用“片段閱讀”的繪本閱讀方法。由于繪本長(zhǎng)度較長(zhǎng),故事性強(qiáng), 教師可以在繪本的重要情節(jié)片段加入語(yǔ)言訓(xùn)練和思維發(fā)散的訓(xùn)練。如人教版《PEP小學(xué)英語(yǔ)》英語(yǔ)六年級(jí)上冊(cè)Unit 4 “I have a pen pal.”中的Read and write部分是關(guān)于club(俱樂(lè)部)的,尤其提到體育俱樂(lè)部。課文如下:

      Shall we dance?

      There is a dance class on Sunday at 1 p.m. I like dancing and I need a partner. Call Amy: 334 5567 Goal! Goal! Goal!

      What do you do on Sundays? Join our football club! See you on the playground! john@pep.com.cn

      Lets read together!

      What is your hobby? Do you like reading? I have great books. We can share!

      Call Mike: 443 5678 Science Club, Your club!

      Do you want to learn about robots? Come to science room? Meet Robin. He teaches students to make robots. Robin@ pep.com.cn

      適合對(duì)接的繪本是《球迷阿爾夫》(Alf Saves the Day)。繪本的內(nèi)容如下(見(jiàn)圖5):

      Alf Saves the Day

      Alf loved football. He loved everything about football. Alf loved drawing football pictures. He drew good football pictures. Alf loved writing football stories. He was good at football stories. Great! Alf loved watching football on television. He cheered and cheered. Alf loved going to football matches. There were lots of people and everyone cheered. Alf was a big football fan. At school, lots of children played football. Lots of boys and lots of girls played. Alf really, really wanted to be a football star. But he wasnt good at football. Some children were good at dribbling. Alf wasnt good at dribbling. Some children were good at passing. Alf wasnt good at passing. Alf wasnt good at shooting. He wasnt good at heading. Alf was just no good at football. He felt very sad. The football coach picked five children for one team. He picked five children for the other team. Alf went to watch the football match. Suddenly, Alf shouted, “l(fā)ook out!”Alf jumped up in the air…and make a very good save! All the children cheered. The football player cheered. The football coach cheered. The dinner lady cheered.

      Good save! Good save! Good save!

      “What a good save, Alf!” everyone said.

      The football coach said, “Alf, come with me.”

      Alf stood in the goal and the coach took a shot. It was a good shot, but Alf saved it. Alf saved the next shot, too. And the next one. He saved every shot! All the children cheered. Alf was a very good goalkeeper. He was good at playing football after all!

      Step 1:導(dǎo)入

      T: What do you know about clubs? Let me tell you a story about football clubs. There is a boy called Alf. He is at the same age as you. He loves football so much. But he cant join school football team. Can you guess why?

      S1: Maybe he just likes watching football, but cant play well.

      S2: There are enough players in the team.

      S3: He doesnt have time to join the training.

      S4: He has to go back home to do homework.

      T: Very good guesses! Do you know what happened to them? Lets read about his stories.

      【設(shè)計(jì)意圖】

      教師導(dǎo)入繪本閱讀時(shí)提出問(wèn)題讓學(xué)生的思維活躍起來(lái),促成閱讀好奇心和閱讀動(dòng)機(jī)。這對(duì)于繪本閱讀來(lái)說(shuō)是重要的開(kāi)端(見(jiàn)圖6)。

      Step 2:片段閱讀(1)

      T: Now please read from Page 2 to Page 7. Alf loved football very much. Please tell me how he likes football.

      S1: He loved drawing football pictures.

      S2: He loved writing football stories.

      S3: he loved watching football on television.

      S4: He loved going to football matches.

      T: Then what do you love? Football, basketball…

      S5: I love playing basketball.

      T: Then do you love drawing basketball pictures and writing basketball stories?

      S5: No, I dont.

      T: Then do you love watching basketball on television and going to basketball matches?

      S5: Yes, I do.

      T: So you see, Alf is crazy about football. But can he join the club? Before we know what is happening to Alf, lets learn some techniques about football.

      【設(shè)計(jì)意圖】

      片段閱讀有利于學(xué)生在把握故事脈絡(luò)與結(jié)構(gòu)過(guò)程中學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)言知識(shí)。學(xué)生通過(guò)回答問(wèn)題,理解了主人公Alf對(duì)足球的熱愛(ài),同時(shí)學(xué)生也練習(xí)了“l(fā)ove doing something”的句型。老師還可以及時(shí)地把問(wèn)題拉近學(xué)生自身,然后再巧妙地聯(lián)結(jié)到第二個(gè)片段。

      Step 3:片段閱讀 (2)

      1.詞匯準(zhǔn)備

      T: In the football match, what techniques do you know?

      學(xué)生用中文說(shuō):運(yùn)球、傳球、射球、頂球,教師順勢(shì)用英文說(shuō)“dribbling, passing, shooting, heading”并把這些紙質(zhì)圖片貼在黑板上,接下來(lái)讓學(xué)生用“be good at”說(shuō)自己或者其他同學(xué)擅長(zhǎng)做什么(見(jiàn)圖7)。

      S1: Im good at passing the ball.

      S2: Shen Bin is good at dribbling.

      S3: Li Meng is good at shooting.

      S4: Im good at heading.

      S5: Im not good at shooting.

      【設(shè)計(jì)意圖】

      學(xué)生在討論自己熟悉的運(yùn)動(dòng)中學(xué)習(xí)英文的表達(dá),教師順勢(shì)讓學(xué)生自己說(shuō)是否擅長(zhǎng)于這些技術(shù)。生詞的引入顯得自然、流暢,學(xué)生一邊表達(dá)自我,一邊學(xué)習(xí)短語(yǔ)。這樣避免了閱讀前生詞介紹的不自然,也避免了打斷閱讀理解的思維邏輯,并能夠在語(yǔ)境中學(xué)習(xí)和使用生詞。

      2. 提問(wèn)引領(lǐng)

      T: Now, please read from Page 8 to Page 13. What wasnt Alf good at?

      S1: Alf wasnt good at dribbling.

      S2: Alf wasnt good at passing.

      S3: Alf wasnt good at shooting.

      S4: Alf wasnt good at heading.

      T: Yes! Alf was just no good at football. How did he feel?

      Ss: He felt very sad.

      T: I am no good at shooting, but good at heading, what about you? Now tell me what you are good at and what you are not good at?

      S5: I am no good at dribbling, but I am good at passing.

      S6: ...

      【設(shè)計(jì)意圖】

      教師通過(guò)提問(wèn)讓學(xué)生用英語(yǔ)表述了一遍,既練習(xí)了生詞,又理解了文本,教師還可以適當(dāng)?shù)劂暯拥綄W(xué)生自身的實(shí)際情況,讓學(xué)生重復(fù)表達(dá)這些話語(yǔ)(見(jiàn)圖8)。

      3.推斷交流

      T: What will Alf do if he wants to join the club? Do you think he will give up?

      S: He wont, because he likes football so much.

      S: He will give up, because after all he wont be accepted by the club.

      S: He can join the club, because he can do other things for the club.

      T: For example…

      S: For example, he can bring things to the club for the members.

      【設(shè)計(jì)意圖】

      片段閱讀的要領(lǐng)是用問(wèn)題把每一個(gè)片段接續(xù)起來(lái)。教師通過(guò)與同學(xué)交流,讓學(xué)生對(duì)故事情節(jié)充滿了想象力和好奇心,然后再帶著強(qiáng)烈的動(dòng)機(jī)往下閱讀。

      Step 4:片段閱讀 (3)

      T: Ok, let me tell you. Something happened and it changed Alfs situation. Do you want to know?

      Ss: Yes!

      T: Read and tell me what happened to Alf.

      T: Now read together!

      Ss: (學(xué)生群讀)Alf went to watch the football match. Suddenly, Alf shouted, “l(fā)ook out!” Alf jumped up in the air…and make a very good save! All the children cheered. The football player cheered. The football coach cheered. The dinner lady cheered.

      “Good save! Good save! Good save!”

      “What a good save, Alf!”everyone said.

      T: So Alf might be good at some techniques? What is it?

      S: It is shooting.

      S: It is dribbling.

      S: It is passing.

      S: It is heading.

      T: It is heading! You are right!

      【設(shè)計(jì)意圖】

      片段閱讀的另一要領(lǐng)就是教師對(duì)學(xué)生情感的引領(lǐng),讓學(xué)生邊讀、邊思、邊說(shuō),有助于深刻的理解故事,并從中習(xí)得語(yǔ)言(見(jiàn)圖9、圖10)。

      Step 5. 片段閱讀 (4)

      T: Now, continue and finish reading Page 20 to Page 24, what does the coach do then? You can read aloud by yourself.

      S: The coach teaches Alf how to head.

      T: Now he is a good goalkeeper. Finally he was good at playing football. I feel happy for Alf. What about you? Do you feel happy?

      Ss: Yes.

      【設(shè)計(jì)意圖】

      片段閱讀的實(shí)施方法就是多種閱讀方法,例如默讀、聽(tīng)讀、演讀、群讀、對(duì)讀和自讀等,這些變換方式的閱讀有助于學(xué)生在閱讀中交流,在交流中理解,得到真正閱讀的樂(lè)趣,同時(shí)還練習(xí)了語(yǔ)言(見(jiàn)圖11)。

      Step 6: 繪本閱讀主旨討論

      T:So what do you get from the reading?

      S1: Never give up.

      S2: Keep loving football.

      T: Yes.

      S3: Keep working hard.

      S4: Keep dreaming.

      T: Yes! The one who can get the chance is the one who can keep trying. Do you and your friends have similar stories?

      S5: I like football too, and I am good at shooting.

      T: Oh, really? Can you say a few words about how you love it?

      S5: I like football. I love watching football matches on television. I also love going to football matches. I can play football very well. I am not good at dribbling, passing, heading, but I am good at shooting. I feel happy when I play football.

      T: Great class! I would like you to make a story like Shen Bin (S5). Or make another story about a ball lover.

      S6: I have a friend and his name is Jim. He loves basketball very much. But he is no good for basketball. He wasnt good at dribbling, wasnt good at passing, wasnt good at shooting. He just loves watching basketball matches.

      T: Thats also a good story. Now group work. Please write a story of someone in the sports clubs, using the sentence “l(fā)ove doing something” “be good at” “be not good at”.

      【設(shè)計(jì)意圖】

      任何一個(gè)好的繪本故事都有文眼和人文思想,因此提問(wèn)是為了讓學(xué)生進(jìn)行深度思考,發(fā)表自己觀點(diǎn)。但教師還需要把文本拉近學(xué)生的生活,為故事語(yǔ)篇的再構(gòu)提供思想和情感基礎(chǔ)。學(xué)生在教師的引領(lǐng)下,說(shuō)出和寫(xiě)出自己的故事。

      Step 7:詞句聚焦總結(jié)

      T: So today we have learned a story about Alf who joins the football club through his hard work, and the spirit of never giving up. We also learned several words to talk about football and basketball techniques.

      Football clubs, be good at, football / basketball Shooting,football/basketball dribbling,football / basketball passing,football / basketball heading.

      Step 8:布置作業(yè)

      T: Write a story about you or your friends in the sports club. Use what we have learned, or follow the model of Group 1 or 2. Any questions? Lets stop here. I will see you tomorrow.

      結(jié)語(yǔ)

      教材與繪本整合應(yīng)注意幾個(gè)問(wèn)題:一是語(yǔ)言量的問(wèn)題,對(duì)繪本的學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程中,故事意義在前,詞句聚焦在后,并且語(yǔ)言練習(xí)不宜過(guò)多,否則容易導(dǎo)致意義學(xué)習(xí)中斷,故事趣味降低;二是課堂時(shí)間安排的問(wèn)題,根據(jù)教學(xué)內(nèi)容和學(xué)生的實(shí)際,教師可以嘗試兩種整合模式,一種是融合式,即教材學(xué)習(xí)與繪本學(xué)習(xí)各占一半時(shí)間,是一種無(wú)痕對(duì)接的方式,如本文中的第一個(gè)例子,另一種是銜接式,即根據(jù)學(xué)校實(shí)際狀況,每周用一個(gè)課時(shí),也可以每?jī)芍苡靡粋€(gè)課時(shí)來(lái)讀一本繪本,主題的選擇基于教材話題,是教材話題的延伸,如本文中的第二個(gè)例子; 三是繪本閱讀應(yīng)實(shí)施課內(nèi)與課外的互動(dòng),做到課內(nèi)指導(dǎo),課外拓展,遵循“基于主題課內(nèi)整合學(xué)習(xí)、基于興趣課外廣泛閱讀”,真正發(fā)揮繪本閱讀作為泛讀課程的功能,通過(guò)擴(kuò)大學(xué)生接觸語(yǔ)言的量,以及體驗(yàn)繪本中真實(shí)、有趣的語(yǔ)言,發(fā)展小學(xué)生的閱讀素養(yǎng)和語(yǔ)言能力。

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