周奧迪

名詞性從句包括主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句。其連接代詞為who（ever），whom（ever）， which（ever）， what（ever）；連詞有that，whether，if等；連接副詞有when，where，how，why，because等。本期我們通過(guò)考點(diǎn)來(lái)講解一下名詞性從句：

考點(diǎn)一 對(duì)連接代詞what， who， which， whom等的考查

1.______ you said at the meeting describes a bridge future for the company.

A. When

B.How

C.What

D.That

2. Police have found____appears to be the best ancient statue.

A. which

B.where

C.how

D.what

3.I read about it in some book or other， does it matter ______ it was？

A. where

B.what

C.how

D.which

答案與簡(jiǎn)析：1.c。what引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句，做主語(yǔ)從句中said的賓語(yǔ)。2.B。what引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，做賓語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)。3.D。which引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句，在從句中做was的表語(yǔ)。

【重點(diǎn)歸納】連接代詞起連接作用，并在從句中做主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)。what指物，常做主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)。who和whom指人，who可做主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)，whom只能做賓語(yǔ)，which表示“哪一個(gè)”，常作定語(yǔ)、主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)。

難點(diǎn)突破：如何選擇連接代詞，一方面確定在從句中的成分、一方面看其指代的是什么。

考點(diǎn)二 whatever， whomver， whichever的考查

1._______ one of you breaks the window will have to pay for it.

A. Whoever

B.Whatever

C.Whichever

D.Wherever

2. We promise____attends the party a chance to have a photo taken with the movie star.

A. who

B.whom

C.whoever

D.whomever

答案與簡(jiǎn)析：1.C。whichever表示“無(wú)論你們中哪個(gè)人”，在從句中做the window的定語(yǔ)。2.C。whoever引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，在從句中做主語(yǔ)。

【重點(diǎn)歸納】 -ever類詞主要引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句和賓語(yǔ)從句。常見有whoever/whomever（任何/無(wú)論什么人），whatever（任何/無(wú)論什么物），whichever（無(wú)論哪一個(gè)人或物），在從句中做主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)。whoever=anyone who+定語(yǔ)從句，它既可以做從句的主語(yǔ)，也可做賓語(yǔ)；whomever=anyone（whom）+定語(yǔ)從句，只在從句中做賓語(yǔ)；whatever=anything that+定語(yǔ)從句，可以做從句的主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)。whichever=any（one） that+定語(yǔ)從句，表示“無(wú)論哪一個(gè)人或物”，所指的對(duì)象有一定的范圍，可以做從句的主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)。

難點(diǎn)突破：whatever，whoever，which也可引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，分別相當(dāng)于no matter what，no matter who，no matter which。當(dāng)選項(xiàng)有no matter…時(shí)，一定要首先判斷是讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，還是名詞性從句，然后才能確定選項(xiàng)。如：

3._______comes will be welcomed to the open-air concert.

A. Whatever

B.Whoever

C.No matter what

D.No matter who

4. The lawyer seldom wears anything other than a suit____the season.

A. whatever

B.wherever

C.whenever

D.however

答案與簡(jiǎn)析：3.B。根據(jù)句式，這是主語(yǔ)從句，因此不能選擇c和D。再根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，這里表示“無(wú)論什么人”。4.A。根據(jù)后面的句子the season （is），可見為讓步狀語(yǔ)，句意：無(wú)論是什么季節(jié)，律師總是穿那件律師制服。

考點(diǎn)三 連詞that， whether，if，as if， as though等的考查

1. The only way to succeed at the highest level is to have total belief____you are better than anyone else on the sports field.

A. how

B.that

C.which

D.whether

2. Experts believe____people can waste less food by shopping only when it is necessary.

A. why

B.where

C.that

D.what

3. The limits of a person's intelligence， generally speaking， are fixed at birth but____he reaches these limits will depend on his environment.

A. where

B.whether

C.that

D.why

答案與簡(jiǎn)析：1.B。that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句，僅僅起連接作用。句意：獲得最大成功的唯一辦法就是相信自己比別人好。that不作任何成分。2.C。that引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，在從句中僅起連接作用。3.B。 whether引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句，表示“是否”。

【重點(diǎn)歸納】連詞that引導(dǎo)從句，起連接作用，不作任何成分。whether和if表示“是否”。

難點(diǎn)突破1：whether和if意為“是否”，不擔(dān)任句子成分，但不可省略。這兩個(gè)連詞表示一種不肯定、不明確概念。他們?cè)谑褂弥杏腥缦乱?guī)定：

在主語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句及同位語(yǔ)從句中，只能用whether，不能用if；在賓語(yǔ)從句中一般可以通用，但在以下情況不能通用。

在動(dòng)詞discuss，leave，put等后常用whether；

后面有or， or not時(shí)，用whether；

賓語(yǔ)從句前置時(shí)用whether；

做介詞的賓語(yǔ)從句用whether。

難點(diǎn)突破2：as if常引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句。如果與事實(shí)不符合，常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，時(shí)態(tài)退后一步，如果是be，用were表達(dá)；如果與事實(shí)符合，用陳述語(yǔ)氣。

4. It doesn't matter____your turn right or left at the crossing because both roads lead to the park.

A. whether

B.how

C.if

D.when

5. At first， he hated the new job but decided to give himself a few months to see____it got any better.

A.when

B.how

C.why

D.if

6. We haven't settled the question of____it is necessary for him to study abroad.

A. if

B.where

C.whether

D.that

7. Don't handle the vases as if it____made of steel.

A. is

B.were

C.has been

D.had been

答案與簡(jiǎn)析：4.A。it為形式主語(yǔ)，因此這里是用whether引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句。5.D。if引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句。 6.C。whether引導(dǎo)介詞of的賓語(yǔ)從句。7.B。as if引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句。根據(jù)句意，這里是虛擬語(yǔ)氣。

考點(diǎn)四 對(duì)連接副詞where， when， why， how等的考查

1.1 have no idea____the journalist could have not got his information from.

A. that

B.why

C.what

D.where

2. I'm afraid he is more of a talker than a doer， which is____he never finished anything.

A. that

B.when

C.which

D.why

3. As a new diplomat he often thinks of____he can react more appropriately on such occasions.

A. what

B.which

C.that

D.how

答案與簡(jiǎn)析：1.D。where引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句，在從句中表示地點(diǎn)。2.D。why引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句，在從句中表示原因。3.D。how引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，在從句中做方式狀語(yǔ)。

【重點(diǎn)歸納】連接副詞when，where，why，how，because等在從句中其連接作用，并分別在從句中做時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)、原因狀語(yǔ)，方式狀語(yǔ)等。

考點(diǎn)五 對(duì)名詞性從句中一些固定結(jié)構(gòu)、特殊句型的考查

1. It remains to be seen ________ the newly formed committee's policy can be put into practice.

A. that

B. which

C. what

D. whether

2. Some researchers believe that there is no doubt ________

a cure for AIDS will be found.

A. which

B. that

C. what

D. whether

3. What the doctors really doubt is ________ my mother will recover from the serious disease soon.

A. when

B. how

C. whether

D. why

4. Engines are to machines ________ hearts are to animals.

A. whether

B. that

C. what

D. which

5. From space， the earth looks blue. This is ________ about seventy-one percent of its surface is covered by water.

A.why

B. how

C. because

D.whether

6. A story goes ________ Elizabeth I of English liked nothing more than being surrounded by clever and qualified noblemen at court.

A. when

B. where

C. what

D. that

答案與簡(jiǎn)析：1.D。whether引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句，it為形式主語(yǔ)。2.B.that引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句，doubt所在的句子為否定句，用that引導(dǎo)從句。3.C。whether引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句，句中有doubt的肯定句。4.C。what引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句，做表語(yǔ)從句的表語(yǔ)。5.C。because引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句，表示原因。6.D。that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句，先行詞為a story。

【重點(diǎn)歸納】名詞性從句中有一些固定句式，掌握這些句式，能提高我們做題效率。常見有以下句式：

It remains（ed） to be seen whether...。是否……看以后情況。

doubt作為動(dòng)詞或名詞在否定句中，用that引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，在肯定句或疑問(wèn)句中用whether，不用if。

句型：A is to B what/as C iS to D：A對(duì)于B猶如C對(duì)于D。

句型：The reason why/for which... is that...：……的原因是……

That/This/lt is because/why...：那時(shí)因?yàn)椤?那就是做……的結(jié)果。

A story goes that...：據(jù)說(shuō)/傳說(shuō)……

Word came that...：消息傳來(lái)了……

考點(diǎn)六 巧設(shè)“分隔現(xiàn)象”或“插入現(xiàn)象”?？疾閷W(xué)生的審題分析能力及應(yīng)變能力

1. The notice came around 2 in the afternoon ________ the meeting would be postponed.

A. when

B. that

C. whether

D. how

2. The companies are working together to create ________ they hope will be the best means of transport in the 21st century.

A. which

B. that

C. what

D. who

3. -It's thirty years since we last met.

-But I still remember the story， believe it or not， ________ we got lost on a rainy night.

A. which

B. that

C. what

D. none

答案與簡(jiǎn)析：1.B。that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句，先行詞為notice。2.C。create后面為賓語(yǔ)從句，they hope為插入語(yǔ)，what引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，做從句主語(yǔ)。3.B。that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句，believe it or not為插入語(yǔ)。

【重點(diǎn)歸納】名詞性從句的分割現(xiàn)象主要表現(xiàn)在以下幾種情況：

主語(yǔ)含有同位語(yǔ)從句，謂語(yǔ)很短，往往把先行詞和同位語(yǔ)從句分開，避免頭重腳輕。構(gòu)成：主語(yǔ)（先行詞）+謂語(yǔ)+同位語(yǔ)從句。如題1。

主句和從句之間還有插入語(yǔ)。做此類題要拋開插入語(yǔ)或其他成份，還原成正常語(yǔ)序才能正確選出連接詞。如題3。

考點(diǎn)七 對(duì)名詞性從句時(shí)態(tài)的考查

1. The manager was concerned to hear that 2 0f his trusted workers ________.

A. will leave

B. are leaving

C. have left

D. were leaving

2. As soon as he comes back， I'll tell him when _______ and see him.

A. you will come

B. will you come

C. you come

D. do you come

3. Send my regards to your lovely wife when you ________ home.

A. wrote

B. will write

C. have written

D. write

答案與簡(jiǎn)析：1.D。主句是過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，賓語(yǔ)從去也應(yīng)該是過(guò)去，因此排除其他三項(xiàng)。2.A。此句中when引導(dǎo)的是賓語(yǔ)從句，根據(jù)語(yǔ)境這里是將來(lái)，用一般將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)。3.D。此句中的when引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，表示將來(lái)，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。

【重點(diǎn)歸納】含名詞性從句的主句和從句時(shí)態(tài)的確定要依據(jù)主從句各自反映的時(shí)間和語(yǔ)境確定。

賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)和主句時(shí)態(tài)相呼應(yīng)。主句是現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)，從句依據(jù)語(yǔ)境可能是過(guò)去、現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)。如主句是過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，從句一定是過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)；除非是客觀事實(shí)，科學(xué)真理，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。

難點(diǎn)分析：when和if引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句指將來(lái)，用一般時(shí)態(tài)表示將來(lái)；引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句指將來(lái)，用將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)。

考點(diǎn)八 對(duì)名詞性從句語(yǔ)序的考查以及含插入語(yǔ)的疑問(wèn)語(yǔ)序

1. These shoes look very good. I wonder ________.

A. how much cost they are

B. how much do they cost

C. how much they cost

D. how much are they cost

2. I have always been honest and straightforward and it doesn't matter

________ I'm talking to.

A. who is it

B. who it is

C. it is who

D. it is whom

3. Mum is coming. What present ________ for your birthday？

A. you expect she has got

B. you expect has she got

C. do you expect she has got

D. do you expect has she got

答案與簡(jiǎn)析：1.C。how much作為連接詞引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，后面為陳述語(yǔ)序。2.B。who引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句，后面為陳述語(yǔ)序。3.C。含有do you think的插入語(yǔ)，首先是疑問(wèn)詞，接著是插入語(yǔ)倒裝，然后陳述語(yǔ)序。

【重點(diǎn)歸納】名詞性從句的語(yǔ)序是連詞、連接代詞或連接副詞加陳述語(yǔ)序。

“插入語(yǔ)疑問(wèn)句”的語(yǔ)序：特殊疑問(wèn)詞開頭+do you think/believe/suppose/guess/say...+陳述浯序。

考點(diǎn)九 對(duì)名詞性從句中的感嘆句、強(qiáng)調(diào)句及形式主語(yǔ)及形式賓語(yǔ)it的考查

1. Do not let any failures discourage you， for you can never tell____close you may be to victory.

A. how

B.that

C.which

）.where

2.I was surprised by her words， which made me recognized____silly mistakes l had made.

A. what

B.that

C.how

D.which

3. I just wonder____that makes him so excited.

A. why it does

B.what he does

C.how it is

D.what it is

4. He didn't make____ clear when and where the meeting would be held.

A. this

B.that

C.it

D.these

5.It suddenly occurred to him

he had left his keys in the office.

A. whether

B.where

C.which

D.that

6. It is not who is right but what is right____is of importance.

A. which

B.it

C.that

D.this

答案與簡(jiǎn)析：1.A。賓語(yǔ)從句為感嘆句：How close you may be to victory。2.A。賓語(yǔ)從句為感嘆句：what silly mistakes I had made03.D。賓語(yǔ)從句為強(qiáng)調(diào)句的特殊疑問(wèn)句。4.C?？疾閕t做形式賓語(yǔ)，真正賓語(yǔ)為when and where引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。5.Do that引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句，it為形式主語(yǔ)。It occur to sb. that...表示“某人突然想起某事”。6.C?？疾閺?qiáng)調(diào)句，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是由not...but引導(dǎo)的兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)從句并列。

【重點(diǎn)歸納】由how和what引導(dǎo)的感嘆句在賓語(yǔ)從句中，要注意把how和what所修飾的形容詞、副詞或名詞一起提前，用陳述語(yǔ)序。

強(qiáng)調(diào)句的特殊疑問(wèn)句在賓語(yǔ)從句中的語(yǔ)序?yàn)椋阂蓡?wèn)詞+it be +that+原句剩余部分。

考查it做形式賓語(yǔ)和形式主語(yǔ)的用法。

強(qiáng)調(diào)名詞性從句的強(qiáng)調(diào)句，主語(yǔ)強(qiáng)調(diào)句的結(jié)構(gòu)。