文/陳明明

把中文內(nèi)在含義明確表述出來

7.文明

“文明”一詞多義，粘貼性極強(qiáng)，可任意搭配，但翻譯中往往機(jī)械譯為civilization，不僅詞不達(dá)意，而且造成極大混亂。此次十九大翻譯對(duì)此進(jìn)行了徹底整頓，根據(jù)語境不同用不同表述翻譯。

吸收人類文明有益成果。

We should draw on the achievements of other civilizations. （此為傳統(tǒng)意義上的“文明”譯法）

以文明交流超越文明隔閡、文明互鑒超越文明沖突、文明共存超越文明優(yōu)越。

In handling relations among civilizations, let us replace estrangement with exchange, clashes with mutual learning, and superiority with coexistence.（同上）

群眾性精神文明創(chuàng)建活動(dòng)扎實(shí)開展。

Initiatives to improve public etiquette and ethical standards have proved successful.（把“群眾性精神文明創(chuàng)建活動(dòng)”譯成initiatives to improve public etiquette and ethical standards是一個(gè)突破，非常到位）

大力度推進(jìn)生態(tài)文明建設(shè)。

We have devoted serious energy to ecological conservation.

社會(huì)文明水平尚需提高。

The level of civic-mindedness needs further improvement.（此處將“文明”譯為civic-mindedness非常到位）

社會(huì)文明程度達(dá)到新的高度。

Social etiquette and civility are signi fi cantly enhanced.（畫線部分譯得很好）

堅(jiān)定走生產(chǎn)發(fā)展、生活富裕、生態(tài)良好的文明發(fā)展道路

We must pursue a model of sustainable development featuring increased production, higher living standards, and healthy ecosystems.（“文明發(fā)展道路”譯為a model of sustainable development）

促進(jìn)和而不同、兼收并蓄的文明交流

boost cross-cultural exchanges characterized by harmony within diversity,inclusiveness, and mutual learning（此處“文明交流”譯為cross-cultural exchanges，按“文化交流”譯）

我國(guó)物質(zhì)文明、政治文明、精神文明、社會(huì)文明、生態(tài)文明將全面提升。

New heights are reached in every dimension of material, political, cultural and ethical, social, and ecological advancement.（此處“五個(gè)文明”都用advancement表示）

為人類政治文明進(jìn)步作出充滿中國(guó)智慧的貢獻(xiàn)

make China’s contribution to the political advancement of mankind

推動(dòng)社會(huì)主義精神文明和物質(zhì)文明協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展

both promote socialist material wellbeing and raise socialist cultural-ethical standards

精神文明創(chuàng)建

efforts to raise cultural-ethical standards

要提高人民思想覺悟、道德水準(zhǔn)、文明素養(yǎng)，提高全社會(huì)文明程度。

We will help our people raise their political awareness and moral standards,foster appreciation of fi ne culture, and enhance social etiquette and civility.

嚴(yán)格規(guī)范公正文明執(zhí)法

see that law is enforced in a strict, procedure-based, impartial, and nonabusive way（此處“文明”不能用civilized way）

8.創(chuàng)新

十九大報(bào)告中“創(chuàng)新”出現(xiàn)頻率很高，innovate主要指技術(shù)創(chuàng)新，不能一見“創(chuàng)新”就譯成innovate，要根據(jù)語境分別處理，在政治、社會(huì)語境下均不用innovate，可用explore new ground/new ways、make explorations、develop等。

創(chuàng)新驅(qū)動(dòng)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略

the innovation-driven development strategy

躋身創(chuàng)新型國(guó)家前列

become a global leader in innovation

全社會(huì)發(fā)展活力和創(chuàng)新活力明顯增強(qiáng)。

Throughout society, development is full of vitality and is driven by greater creativity.（未用 innovation）

民族宗教工作創(chuàng)新推進(jìn)。

New approaches have been adopted for work related to ethnic and religious affairs.

黨的理論創(chuàng)新全面推進(jìn)。

We have explored new ground in advancing Party related theories.

實(shí)踐沒有止境，理論創(chuàng)新也沒有止境。

Just as there are no bounds to practice, there is no end to theoretical exploration.

推進(jìn)理論創(chuàng)新、實(shí)踐創(chuàng)新、制度創(chuàng)新、文化創(chuàng)新以及其他各方面創(chuàng)新

advance our theoretical, practical, institutional, cultural, and other explorations

轉(zhuǎn)變政府職能，深化簡(jiǎn)政放權(quán)，創(chuàng)新監(jiān)管方式，增強(qiáng)政府公信力和執(zhí)行力，建設(shè)人民滿意的服務(wù)型政府。

The government needs to transform its functions, further streamline administration and delegate powers, develop new ways of regulation and supervision,and strengthen its credibility and administrative capacity, building itself into a service-oriented government able to satisfy the needs of the people.（在此語境下要特別注意，不能用innovation）

深入挖掘中華優(yōu)秀傳統(tǒng)文化蘊(yùn)含的思想觀念、人文精神、道德規(guī)范，結(jié)合時(shí)代要求繼承創(chuàng)新。

We will draw on China’s fi ne traditional culture, keep alive and develop its vision, concepts, values, and moral norms, and do so in a way that responds to the call of our era.

創(chuàng)新社會(huì)治理

develop new approaches to social governance

堅(jiān)持戰(zhàn)略思維、創(chuàng)新思維、辯證思維、法治思維、底線思維。

We should have strategic perspectives, develop creative thinking and a dialectical approach to thinking; we should think in terms of the rule of law, and think about worst-case scenarios.

增強(qiáng)改革創(chuàng)新本領(lǐng)。

We should be good reformers and pioneers.

全黨同志一定要登高望遠(yuǎn)、居安思危，勇于變革、勇于創(chuàng)新，永不僵化、永不停滯。

All comrades must aim high and look far, be alert to dangers even in times of calm, have the courage to pursue reform and break new ground, and never become hardened to change or inactive.

9.大國(guó)、強(qiáng)國(guó)

推動(dòng)建設(shè)學(xué)習(xí)大國(guó)

nurture a love of learning in our people

推進(jìn)體育強(qiáng)國(guó)建設(shè)

build China into a country strong on sports

人才強(qiáng)國(guó)戰(zhàn)略

the strategy on developing a quality workforce

加快建設(shè)人才強(qiáng)國(guó)

step up efforts to make China a talent-strong country

建設(shè)制造強(qiáng)國(guó)

build China into a manufacturer of quality

推進(jìn)貿(mào)易強(qiáng)國(guó)建設(shè)

turn China into a trader of quality

創(chuàng)新型國(guó)家建設(shè)成果豐碩。

We have seen much accomplished toward making China a country of innovators.

為建設(shè)科技強(qiáng)國(guó)、質(zhì)量強(qiáng)國(guó)、航天強(qiáng)國(guó)、網(wǎng)絡(luò)強(qiáng)國(guó)、交通強(qiáng)國(guó)、數(shù)字中國(guó)、智慧社會(huì)提供有力支撐

provide powerful support for building China’s strength in science and technology, product quality, aerospace, cyberspace, and transportation; and for building a digital China and a smart society

10.大局

必須統(tǒng)籌國(guó)內(nèi)國(guó)際兩個(gè)大局。

We must keep in mind both our internal and international imperatives.（以前譯為 keep in mind the domestic and international situations） □