陳陽(yáng)
所謂文物展,其實(shí)就是用古老的文物講述久遠(yuǎn)的故事??梢哉f(shuō),今年的中國(guó)人都很有眼福,因?yàn)榻栊轮袊?guó)成立70周年的東風(fēng),全國(guó)各大博物館都推出了主題新穎、制作精良、文物精美的大展。大家都把最好的家底亮了出來(lái),其中不乏“一生必看”系列。
從甲骨文到唐代傳世書(shū)畫(huà),從絲綢之路上的天山雪、漢時(shí)月到周秦漢唐四世文明,一件件凝聚先人智慧與勞動(dòng)的文物遺存,展現(xiàn)的是一個(gè)文化發(fā)達(dá)、擁有無(wú)限創(chuàng)造力的中華文明。
說(shuō)得再多,都不如和這些難得一見(jiàn)的文物面對(duì)面“聊聊”。建議大家抓緊年末最后的機(jī)會(huì),去一睹那些稀世珍寶的芳容。
“與天久長(zhǎng)—周秦漢唐文化與藝術(shù)特展”
時(shí)間:2019年9月10日至 2019年12月17日
地點(diǎn):清華大學(xué)藝術(shù)博物館
“與天久長(zhǎng)”,是漢代吉語(yǔ),以此祝福國(guó)運(yùn)昌隆、中華文明和中華優(yōu)秀傳統(tǒng)文化代代相傳,漢唐盛世的精神和中華民族偉大復(fù)興的精神薪火永續(xù)、與天久長(zhǎng),寓意豐富,深刻而美好。此次特展展期為99天,寓意“作九九之?dāng)?shù)以合天道”和“九九大運(yùn),與天終始”。
一個(gè)展覽,閱盡周秦漢唐四世文明;一個(gè)展覽,囊括關(guān)中文物大省精華。
整個(gè)特展共有315組()展品,其中一級(jí)文物達(dá)189組(),占到了60%以上。展品中淳化大鼎、何尊、墻盤(pán)、秦公镈、兵馬俑、西漢鎏金竹節(jié)熏爐、鎏金銅走龍、梁帶村文物、唐代法門(mén)寺珍寶、何家村窖藏等,都是大家耳熟能詳?shù)奈奈镏仄?。此外,還有《胡人備馬圖》壁畫(huà),以及《玄秘塔碑》《大唐三藏圣教序碑》《多寶塔碑》《皇甫誕碑》《孔子廟堂碑》等名家杰作的拓片,是書(shū)畫(huà)愛(ài)好者的心頭好。
與普通文物不同,這些文物更是珍貴的藝術(shù)品。它們不僅是中華文明綿延數(shù)千年的實(shí)物證據(jù),體現(xiàn)了古人的匠心巧思,更構(gòu)筑了中國(guó)人獨(dú)特的精神世界。展品類(lèi)型多元,層次豐富,包含青銅、陶瓷、書(shū)畫(huà)、造像等多個(gè)門(mén)類(lèi)多種材質(zhì)的器物,可以滿(mǎn)足喜歡不同類(lèi)型文物的觀眾的需要。
展覽吸收了最新考古成果。除了早年出土的文物精品,芮國(guó)墓地出土文物、神木石峁遺址石雕等都是近年重大的考古新發(fā)現(xiàn)。
展覽分為民之初生、創(chuàng)制垂法、秦國(guó)崛起、皇帝臨位、天子居中、多元融匯、天衢盛世等7個(gè)部分,文物背后中國(guó)先民的思想、觀念等內(nèi)涵是展覽隱藏的主線,文物承載的文化含量及其具有的藝術(shù)代表性是遴選文物時(shí)重要的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)之一。
值得注意的是,這個(gè)展覽信息量很大。如果您想了解關(guān)鍵展品的獨(dú)特意義和歷史價(jià)值,建議做一些相關(guān)的功課。
“又見(jiàn)大唐”
時(shí)間:2019年10月7日至2020年1月5日
地點(diǎn):遼寧省博物館
《唐周昉簪花仕女圖卷》《北宋摹張萱虢國(guó)夫人游春圖卷》《宋摹閻立本蕭翼賺蘭亭圖卷》《五代佚名摹唐韓幹神駿圖卷》《南宋佚名明皇擊毬圖卷》《南宋女孝經(jīng)圖卷》《唐摹王羲之一門(mén)書(shū)翰卷(萬(wàn)歲通天帖)》《唐歐陽(yáng)詢(xún)仲尼夢(mèng)奠帖卷》《唐懷素論書(shū)帖卷》《唐張旭草書(shū)古詩(shī)四帖卷》《宋高宗趙構(gòu)行書(shū)白居易詩(shī)卷》《宋張即之書(shū)杜甫詩(shī)卷》、《初拓唐王居士磚塔銘》等——這些名字連在一起,足以構(gòu)成半部中國(guó)古代書(shū)畫(huà)史。
為了慶祝新中國(guó)建立70周年,古代書(shū)畫(huà)收藏重鎮(zhèn)遼寧省博物館,首次將館藏唐代書(shū)畫(huà)傾囊而出,同時(shí)商借國(guó)內(nèi)其他知名博物館藏品,用100件與唐代有關(guān)的繪畫(huà)、書(shū)法以及出土文物,為觀眾奉上名為“又見(jiàn)大唐”的展覽盛宴。
此次特展,遼寧省博物館展出38件一級(jí)文物,比例之高,在書(shū)畫(huà)展中可謂空前。通過(guò)“盛世畫(huà)卷”和“浩蕩書(shū)風(fēng)”兩大部分,力求全面展現(xiàn)唐代政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化和藝術(shù)的繁榮昌盛,以及民族融合及絲綢之路帶來(lái)的中西方文化交流。這是世界范圍內(nèi)首次以傳世書(shū)畫(huà)為主體來(lái)呈現(xiàn)唐代歷史面貌。
唐代傳世書(shū)法繪畫(huà)寥寥無(wú)幾,平常很難一睹芳容。特展中有國(guó)寶數(shù)件,許多重量級(jí)的藏品,上一次公開(kāi)露面已是10年前。今夕一見(jiàn),下次再見(jiàn)不知是何年。
提一句,如果你到遼寧省博物館去參觀“又見(jiàn)大唐”的展覽,還可以多留出一兩個(gè)小時(shí)的時(shí)間,順道去看看同期正在舉行的“又見(jiàn)紅山”展覽。
該展集中展示了紅山文化發(fā)掘以來(lái)多個(gè)遺址點(diǎn)的重大發(fā)現(xiàn)。質(zhì)量上乘、規(guī)??涨暗募t山文化遺物,特別是玉器的集中展示,國(guó)內(nèi)首見(jiàn)。展覽第一次集中了遼寧、內(nèi)蒙古地區(qū)考古發(fā)掘出土的紅山文化玉器精品,并輔以從南方的凌家灘文化、中原腹地河南三門(mén)峽市虢國(guó)墓地,到北方的黑龍江小南山等相關(guān)文化遺址及墓地出土的紅山文化風(fēng)格玉器,可謂南北紅山文化玉器的薈萃,更是國(guó)寶級(jí)玉器精品的一次集中展現(xiàn)。
代表中華文化的典型器物玉豬龍,就在展覽最顯眼的位置,你一定要記得找到它們,合個(gè)影。
“證古澤今——甲骨文文化展”
時(shí)間:10月22日至12月22日
地點(diǎn):中國(guó)國(guó)家博物館
甲骨文是我國(guó)迄今可見(jiàn)最早成體系的文字。在已知的四大古文字體系中,甲骨文是唯一延續(xù)至今,經(jīng)歷了篆、隸、楷、行、草等不同書(shū)體形式的變化,保留了以“六書(shū)”為特征的文字結(jié)構(gòu),并成為今天世界上五分之一人口仍在使用的文字。中國(guó)字是中國(guó)文化傳承的標(biāo)志。甲骨文對(duì)中國(guó)人的價(jià)值認(rèn)同、思維方式、審美觀念產(chǎn)生了極其重要的影響。甲骨文不僅僅是文明的符號(hào)、文化的標(biāo)志,還印證了包括《史記》在內(nèi)的一系列文獻(xiàn)的真實(shí),把有文字記載的中華文明史向前推進(jìn)了近五個(gè)世紀(jì)。自1899年甲骨文被發(fā)現(xiàn)以來(lái),關(guān)于它的研究成為一門(mén)世界性學(xué)科,是全人類(lèi)共同的精神財(cái)富。
在紀(jì)念甲骨文發(fā)現(xiàn)120周年之際,中國(guó)國(guó)家博物館依托館藏甲骨首次舉辦“證古澤今——紀(jì)念甲骨文發(fā)現(xiàn)一百二十周年文化展”。
展覽通過(guò)“契文重光”“契文釋史”“契于甲骨”三個(gè)單元,近190件甲骨、青銅、玉石等展品,講述了甲骨被發(fā)現(xiàn)與發(fā)掘的歷史,展示了甲骨文背后的商周文明,致敬甲骨學(xué)者們的卓越成就。展覽以甲骨文及其反映的商代社會(huì)為主題,分為商王世系、祭祀與信仰、戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)與軍隊(duì)、貴族與職官、畜牧與田獵、天象與農(nóng)業(yè)、疾病與生育、地理與方國(guó)、西周甲骨等9個(gè)主題,對(duì)上古時(shí)期天文歷法、政治軍事、社會(huì)家庭、禮制風(fēng)俗、科學(xué)技術(shù)等各方面進(jìn)行探討。
由于中華文字的延續(xù)性,即使沒(méi)有接受過(guò)任何古文字的學(xué)習(xí)和訓(xùn)練,相信你也能在甲骨文中認(rèn)出幾個(gè)字來(lái);加上展廳中隨處可見(jiàn)的視頻和文字圖片,都在為甲骨文做注解,完全不必?fù)?dān)心看不懂展覽。
“我能生男孩還是女孩?”“今天出去打獵能不能大豐收?”“他是我的真命天子嗎?”——甲骨文里就是商周先祖的日常。商周王公貴族遇事習(xí)慣占卜吉兇,先在龜甲或獸骨上鉆孔,占卜時(shí),先由占卜者把要問(wèn)的事情禱告一番,然后用火燒灼甲骨背面鉆鑿的孔,于是甲骨的正面爆裂出縱橫的裂紋,占卜師根據(jù)裂紋推斷吉兇。
目前已見(jiàn)甲骨有16萬(wàn)片左右,這次展覽就是對(duì)它們的深度解讀,也是國(guó)博館藏甲骨的第一次大規(guī)模展示,同時(shí)還商借了國(guó)內(nèi)多家重要學(xué)術(shù)機(jī)構(gòu)收藏的甲骨文物。
“千山共色——絲綢之路文明特展”
時(shí)間:2019年11月1日至2020年2月28日
地點(diǎn):北京大學(xué)賽克勒考古與藝術(shù)博物館
絲綢之路,是人類(lèi)歷史上空間跨度最大、延續(xù)時(shí)間最長(zhǎng)的文化線路,是一條東西方交流、對(duì)話、融合之路。地處亞歐大陸腹心的新疆地區(qū),憑借其得天獨(dú)厚的條件,成為絲綢之路的橋梁和紐帶。特殊的區(qū)位使新疆成為中華文明形成和發(fā)展過(guò)程中極為關(guān)鍵的環(huán)節(jié),中華文明則為新疆在絲綢之路上的樞紐地位提供了強(qiáng)有力的支撐。
“千山共色——絲綢之路文明特展”通過(guò)70件(組)珍貴文物,分3個(gè)章節(jié),生動(dòng)講述了新疆與絲綢之路歷史進(jìn)程。
第一章節(jié)從4萬(wàn)年前人類(lèi)足跡出現(xiàn)在新疆開(kāi)始談起。青銅時(shí)代至鐵器時(shí)代早期,新疆與河西、中原地區(qū)和亞歐草原有著廣泛的聯(lián)系,在冶金、作物種植、動(dòng)物馴養(yǎng)等技術(shù)的傳播中起了關(guān)鍵作用。這一部分的代表文物是公元前1500年小河墓地11號(hào)墓主人——小河公主,她帶著船棺和滿(mǎn)身飾物,挾著大漠的千年黃沙遠(yuǎn)途而來(lái)。
第二章節(jié)定位于春秋戰(zhàn)國(guó)時(shí)期,講述新疆草原地帶的游牧部族、沙漠綠洲的城邦逐步演變?yōu)闈h代“西域三十六國(guó)”的歷程。這一時(shí)期的代表文物是那位紅銅澆筑的戰(zhàn)國(guó)武士。這位銅人頭頂所戴近似尖帽,學(xué)術(shù)界大多認(rèn)為表現(xiàn)的是古希臘史家希羅多德《歷史》中記載的塞人(Saka)一支的“尖頂塞人”,因此,這件銅武士像應(yīng)該是希臘化時(shí)代影響下的產(chǎn)物,是中國(guó)和希臘化世界存在文化交流的物證。
第三章節(jié)介紹漢代新疆正式納入中國(guó)版圖后,歷代中央政府在西域建置軍政機(jī)構(gòu),行使國(guó)家管理,對(duì)新疆社會(huì)、經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化各方面產(chǎn)生了深遠(yuǎn)影響。這一部分展品數(shù)量眾多,有多件典型文物。例如,漢晉時(shí)期被稱(chēng)為“營(yíng)盤(pán)男子”的西域城邦貴族,穿著精美服飾,至今色澤鮮艷,紋樣體現(xiàn)出古希臘、波斯兩種文化的互相融合,靴子上有迄今所見(jiàn)最早的貼金絲織物?!度龂?guó)志》寫(xiě)本殘卷,是現(xiàn)存最早的《三國(guó)志》實(shí)物,當(dāng)年成書(shū)后短短20年內(nèi)就傳入新疆,可見(jiàn)當(dāng)時(shí)中原文化在新疆地區(qū)傳播速度之快、影響之深。到了唐代,吐魯番墓葬出土的托盞仕女屏風(fēng)畫(huà)反映了當(dāng)時(shí)新疆社會(huì)生活、居家布局都深受中原文化影響。粟特文摩尼教寫(xiě)卷和地藏菩薩幡畫(huà),則展現(xiàn)了當(dāng)時(shí)居民豐富的宗教信仰。
掃二維碼,進(jìn)入小時(shí)新聞App“大展”專(zhuān)題,看更多展品的芳華。
In celebration of the 70th anniversary of the founding of the Peoples Republic of China in 2019, some museums across the country have held exhibitions at which some most important cultural relics are on display. Some of these exhibitions will go on until early next year.
Written Language on Oracle Bones and Shells
is an exhibition going on at the National Museum of China in Beijing. It started on October 22 and will end on December 22, 2019. All the exhibits are from the collection of the National Museum of China. This is the first oracle bone language exhibition ever held at the National Museum.
The inscriptions on bones and shells of the Shang Dynasty (c. 1600-1046BC) add up to Chinas most ancient written language. The hieroglyph used in ancient Egypt, the cuneiform the wedge-shaped characters used in the ancient writing systems of Mesopotamia, Persia, and Ugarit, and the Mayan language used by the people of Maya are all dead, but the written Chinese language is very much alive. The written language on bones and shells has evolved and seen various changes in script styles. Today it is used by people who account for one fifth of the worlds population. Since its rediscovery in 1899 by a scholar in Beijing, the study of the written language on bones and shells is considered an academic discipline and constitutes a spiritual wealth shared by the mankind. So far, about 160,000 bones and shells have been unearthed and collected. There are about 4,300 individual characters on these bones. About 2,000 have been recognized. The rest are yet to be deciphered.
The year 2019 marked the 120th anniversary of the finding of the oracle bone script. On display are about 190 exhibits. The shells and bones account for a majority of the exhibits. Other pieces are bronze, pottery and jade which carry some inscriptions.
Inscriptions on bones and shells were largely used in the Shang and the Zhou (c. 1046-256BC). Modern scholars have deciphered some inscriptions on them. The inscriptions on display document the kings and their descendents, about sacrificial ceremonies and religion, wars and military affairs, nobles and officials, husbandry and hunting, weather and agriculture, diseases and births, geography and unions of city states.
Fusion of Colors: Special Exhibition
on the Civilization of the Silk Road
The exhibition, from November 1, 2019 through February 28, 2020, is held at Arthur M. Sackler Museum of Art and Archaeology at Peking University. With a focus on Xinjiang and the changes that have shaped Chinas northwest, the exhibition relates a story in three sections. The first chapter traces back to about 40,000 years ago when people appeared in Xinjiang as testified by archaeological finds. The region in ancient times had wide connections with the west and the east and played a key role in the dissemination of technologies such as metallurgy, agriculture, animal husbandry. The second part of the exhibition features the nomadic tribes and city states in the territory during the Spring and Autumn (770-476BC) period and the Warring States (475-221BC) period gradually evolved into “36 states of the western territory” during the Western Han (202BC-8AD). The third section relates how the central government set up military and administrative authorities in Xinjiang after the region officially became part of China during the Western Han.
Meet the Tang Dynasty Again
Liaoning Museum launched the exhibition on October 7, 2019 and it will last until January 5, 2020.
One of the most important museums in China, Liaoning Museum has a large collection of ancient artworks. It is said that these artworks can tell half a story of the art history of the ancient China.
Liaoning Museum has never held such an exhibition to let the public see the ancient originals in its collection. On display are about 100 Tang-related artworks of painting and calligraphy and unearthed objects, including some loaned from other museums. Thirty-eight exhibits are first-class national cultural relics. Some of the calligraphic works on display made public appearance about 10 years ago. And it is hard to say how many years will elapse before the public has another opportunity to glimpse them again.
Everlasting like the Heavens
It is an exhibition portraying the cultures and arts of the Zhou, Qin, Han and Tang, which are important Chinese dynasties that lasted from about the 11th century BC to the 10th century AD. The exhibition set up by Tsinghua University Art Museum lasts from September 10 to December 17, 2019.
It is an important exhibition showcasing the best of the cultural relics in Shaanxi Province. Almost all the important museums in Shaanxi contribute. Altogether, there are 315 pieces and sets of exhibits. Sixty percent of them are first-class national cultural relics. The exhibits vividly explain what happened during the 2,000 years: the primitive life, the institutionalization, the rise of the Qin and the countrys first emperor, the imperial system, unity of diversity, and prosperity. The cultural relics tell a story about the ancient Chinese ideology and philosophy, and culture and art.