潘利華,劉 飛,劉 銳,羅水忠※,羅建平
石榴汁粉替代發(fā)酵基質(zhì)中蔗糖提升酸奶品質(zhì)
潘利華1,2,劉 飛1,劉 銳1,羅水忠1,2※,羅建平1
(1. 合肥工業(yè)大學(xué)食品與生物工程學(xué)院,合肥 230009; 2. 合肥工業(yè)大學(xué)安徽省農(nóng)產(chǎn)品精深加工重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室,合肥 230009)
石榴汁中含有豐富的多酚類物質(zhì),是抗氧化劑的良好來源。酸奶是抗氧化劑等生理活性物質(zhì)的優(yōu)質(zhì)載體。為了加快石榴加工產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展、豐富酸奶的種類、提升酸奶的品質(zhì),該文使用1%、3%、5%石榴汁粉(pomegranate juice powder, PJP)分別等量代替凝固型酸奶發(fā)酵基質(zhì)中的蔗糖,研究了PJP對(duì)發(fā)酵過程中酸奶基質(zhì)的pH值、滴定酸度、表觀黏度和乳酸菌活力的影響,并分析了對(duì)照組與PJP替代組酸奶的拉曼光譜、質(zhì)構(gòu)、流變學(xué)特性、總酚含量及抗氧化活性的差異。結(jié)果表明,PJP的替代沒有顯著改變發(fā)酵終了時(shí)基質(zhì)的pH值、可滴定酸度、表觀黏度和拉曼光譜,但縮短了發(fā)酵時(shí)間,促進(jìn)了乳酸菌的生長,提高了酸奶的硬度、稠度、黏聚性、黏度指數(shù)和總酚含量、FRAP及DPPH?清除率。PJP完全替代蔗糖時(shí),發(fā)酵時(shí)間從300縮短至280 min,總多酚含量、FRAP和DPPH·清除率分別是對(duì)照組的1.84,2.26和1.76倍。酸奶品質(zhì)的提升可能與PJP中多酚有關(guān),PJP有望替代蔗糖制備更健康的凝固型酸奶。
發(fā)酵;質(zhì)構(gòu);黏度;石榴汁粉;凝固型酸奶;流變學(xué);品質(zhì)
酸奶是以鮮奶或復(fù)合乳為原料,經(jīng)巴氏殺菌后再由乳酸菌發(fā)酵制得的一種乳制品,具有比鮮奶更高的營養(yǎng)價(jià)值和健康益處[1]。為了滿足消費(fèi)者對(duì)酸奶的品質(zhì)和口感的需求,在酸奶的生產(chǎn)過程中通常增加固形物含量或添加添加劑。然而,許多研究已證實(shí),過量食用合成食品添加劑與呼吸道、皮膚、胃腸道和神經(jīng)等不良反應(yīng)有關(guān),并導(dǎo)致自身免疫性疾病發(fā)病率上升[2-3]。因此,研究人員一直致力于尋求適合的天然添加劑。酸奶的品質(zhì)主要由蛋白質(zhì)凝膠性質(zhì)決定,而蛋白質(zhì)凝膠結(jié)構(gòu)主要是通過弱的、非共價(jià)相互作用來維持,因此改變蛋白質(zhì)凝膠勢(shì)必會(huì)影響酸奶的品質(zhì)[4]。多酚能夠與蛋白質(zhì)相互作用,被認(rèn)為具有改善蛋白質(zhì)凝膠結(jié)構(gòu)的潛力[5-6]。
石榴為漿果類水果,石榴果汁富含酚類、花青素和單寧等物質(zhì),是一種優(yōu)良的抗氧化物質(zhì)來源[7]。已有研究報(bào)道了石榴汁在體外、體內(nèi)和臨床試驗(yàn)中對(duì)不同癌細(xì)胞系的抗侵襲作用和抗增殖、抗轉(zhuǎn)移的治療作用[8-10]。流行病學(xué)研究表明,石榴汁的攝入與降低冠心病、中風(fēng)和某些類型的癌癥的發(fā)病率以及抗衰老相關(guān)[11]。懷遠(yuǎn)石榴產(chǎn)量逐年增長,采收期集中,然而,懷遠(yuǎn)石榴普遍外觀不規(guī)則、表皮常有許多斑痕和裂紋,嚴(yán)重影響消費(fèi)者的購買欲。同時(shí),石榴食用不便,故鮮果銷量有限。本研究先制取石榴汁粉,再使用石榴汁粉部分或完全代替蔗糖添加到酸奶制作中,分析石榴汁粉對(duì)酸奶發(fā)酵過程及其質(zhì)構(gòu)、流變學(xué)特征及抗氧化水平的影響,為石榴汁粉在凝固型酸奶中應(yīng)用提供理論依據(jù),亦為石榴加工方法的拓展及凝固型酸奶新品種的研發(fā)提供新思路。
酸奶發(fā)酵劑(含嗜熱鏈球菌和德氏乳桿菌)(Danisco YO-MIX 300)購于丹尼斯克有限公司;BCA蛋白質(zhì)測(cè)定試劑盒購于賽默飛世爾科技(中國)有限公司。脫脂奶粉(伊利高蛋白脫脂高鈣奶粉)和蔗糖(玉棠白砂糖)購于當(dāng)?shù)爻?。所有使用的試劑均為分析?jí)。
冷凍離心機(jī)(CT15RT,青島科易儀器有限公司);旋轉(zhuǎn)式蒸發(fā)器(XDSY-2000A,上海賢德實(shí)驗(yàn)儀器有限公司);真空冷凍干燥機(jī)(LGJ-10,北京松源華興科技發(fā)展有限公司);電熱恒溫培養(yǎng)箱(DHP-600,常州杰博森儀器有限公司);精密pH計(jì)(pHs-3c,上海精密儀器儀表有限公司);旋轉(zhuǎn)黏度計(jì)(NDJ-1,上海精密儀器儀表有限公司);拉曼光譜儀(SEED785,上海如海光電科技有限公司);流變儀(TADiscoveryDHR-3,美國TA公司);質(zhì)構(gòu)儀(TA-XTplus,英國Stable公司)。
1.3.1 石榴汁粉制備
用刀將石榴剖開,手工分離可食部分,將可食部分用榨汁機(jī)榨汁并用尼龍網(wǎng)過濾得到渾濁的石榴汁;使用冷凍離心機(jī)將渾濁的石榴汁在4 ℃、3 000 g條件下離心10 min,收集上清液得澄清的石榴汁[12]。將澄清的石榴汁在50 ℃下旋轉(zhuǎn)蒸發(fā)濃縮至五分之一體積,預(yù)冷后冷凍干燥得石榴汁粉(PJP),每升石榴汁可收獲(118.91±1.43) g PJP,該 PJP中總糖和總多酚質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)分別為88.32%和0.047%,幾乎不含可溶性蛋白質(zhì)(質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)小于0.10%)。
1.3.2 添加PJP凝固型酸奶制備[13]
用蒸餾水制備4種酸奶基質(zhì),其中脫脂奶粉添加質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)均為12 %,蔗糖和PJP的總質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)為5 %,PJP添加量分別為0 %(Control),1%(LD),3%(MD)和5%(HD)。將酸奶基質(zhì)充分混合、均質(zhì)后于65 ℃巴氏殺菌30 min,冷卻至室溫,在無菌的條件下按照0.1 g/L的劑量接種發(fā)酵劑。將接種后的酸奶基質(zhì)按照每杯100 mL的量分裝到塑料杯中,密封后于40 ℃發(fā)酵300 min以研究PJP對(duì)酸奶發(fā)酵過程的影響;對(duì)于酸奶最終品質(zhì)研究,則是將酸奶基質(zhì)發(fā)酵至pH值達(dá)到4.6±0.1時(shí)終止發(fā)酵,然后立即在4 ℃后熟24 h得到酸奶成品,用于品質(zhì)分析。
1.3.3 PJP替代量對(duì)凝固型酸奶發(fā)酵過程的影響
發(fā)酵過程中每20 min取樣一次,檢測(cè)樣品中pH值、酸度、黏度和乳酸菌活力。酸度采用滴定法,以酚酞作為指示劑[14]。pH值通過數(shù)字pH計(jì)測(cè)定[14]。黏度使用NDJ-1旋轉(zhuǎn)黏度計(jì)在(25±1)℃條件下測(cè)量,在測(cè)量樣品黏度之前將樣品充分?jǐn)嚢?,并在測(cè)量30 s后記錄讀數(shù)[14]。
乳酸菌活力的測(cè)定采用MTT法,參考文獻(xiàn)[15-16]進(jìn)行。在無菌條件下,將酸奶樣品用無菌水稀釋10倍,吸取100L稀釋樣加入96孔板中,做4個(gè)相鄰平行,在各孔中分別加入10L 5 mg / mL的MTT溶液,之后將孔板在40 ℃避光孵育4 h后,吸去孔中溶液,并向每孔中加入150L二甲基亞砜,將孔板在搖床以100 r/min轉(zhuǎn)速避光振蕩10 min,用酶標(biāo)儀測(cè)定各孔板樣品在490 nm處吸光度,以O(shè)D(optical density)值反映酸奶中乳酸菌活力的變化。
發(fā)酵過程凝固型酸奶的拉曼光譜分析使用785 nm激光光源的微拉曼光譜儀進(jìn)行[17],拉曼光源位移范圍為100~3 500 cm-1,頻帶高度測(cè)定的誤差在3%到5%之間。
1.3.4 凝固型酸奶的質(zhì)構(gòu)特征分析
使用質(zhì)構(gòu)分析儀進(jìn)行紋理穿刺實(shí)驗(yàn)檢測(cè)酸奶樣品的質(zhì)地特性[18-20]。從4 ℃冰箱取出樣品,選用TA4/1 000探針,測(cè)試距離為20 mm,預(yù)測(cè)試速度為5 mm/s,進(jìn)入樣品后的測(cè)試速度為1 mm/s,觸發(fā)點(diǎn)負(fù)載為4.5 g。
1.3.5 凝固型酸奶的流變學(xué)分析
通過DHR-3流變儀,使用板-板傳感器(40 mm直徑和1 mm間隙)測(cè)量每種酸奶樣品的表觀黏度和黏彈性行為[21-23],通過TA Win軟件包監(jiān)測(cè)測(cè)量值。測(cè)定前將各酸奶樣品分別混合均勻并預(yù)熱至25 ℃。通過剪切掃描檢測(cè)酸奶樣品的流變特性,剪切速率按指數(shù)曲線增長,范圍為0.1~100 s-1,記錄剪切黏度來測(cè)量酸奶樣品的流變特性;通過動(dòng)態(tài)頻率掃描試驗(yàn)獲得酸奶樣品的黏彈性,頻率范圍為0.110 Hz,應(yīng)力為0.5 %。
1.3.6 凝固型酸奶的抗氧化特性分析
測(cè)試樣的準(zhǔn)備:將酸奶樣品在4 ℃、8 000 g離心10 min,取10.0 g上清液置于50 mL離心管中,加入15 mL酸化甲醇(含0.05 mL濃鹽酸),渦旋混勻后在-20 ℃保持1 h使蛋白質(zhì)完全沉淀,接著在4 ℃、3 000 g離心10 min,取上清液用于測(cè)定酸奶樣品的總酚含量、鐵還原抗氧化能力(ferric ion reducing antioxidant power, FRAP)和DPPH·清除率[24]。
總酚含量采用Folinol比色法測(cè)定[25]。將0.3 mL上清液與2.7 mL水、0.3 mL福林酚試劑混合,渦旋混勻后在25 ℃反應(yīng)10 min;再加入0.6 mL質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)為20%的Na2CO3溶液,于40 ℃溫育20 min后在755 nm波長下測(cè)定吸光度。以甲醇︰水=60︰40體積比的溶液為空白調(diào)零,使用沒食子酸制作標(biāo)準(zhǔn)曲線。
FRAP測(cè)定:取1.0 mL上清液加入到3 mL預(yù)混合的FRAP試劑3 mL中,在室溫下孵育30 min,于750 nm下測(cè)定吸光度。以甲醇︰水=60︰40體積比的溶液為空白調(diào)零,使用VC制作標(biāo)準(zhǔn)曲線[26]。
1.3.7 凝固型酸奶的感官評(píng)價(jià)
由60名食品相關(guān)專業(yè)成員對(duì)酸奶的外觀、質(zhì)地、香氣、顏色和味道進(jìn)行評(píng)估,小組成員被要求按照非常不喜歡(1分)到非常喜歡(9分)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)進(jìn)行評(píng)分[18-19]。
1.3.8 統(tǒng)計(jì)分析
所有試驗(yàn)至少進(jìn)行3個(gè)平行組,試驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)表示為平均值±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)偏差(SD),采用IBM SPSS 22.0版統(tǒng)計(jì)軟件進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)分析。試驗(yàn)組與對(duì)照組之間采用檢驗(yàn),多組間的比較采用單向方差分析的方法。
PJP替代蔗糖對(duì)凝固型酸奶發(fā)酵過程中pH值、酸度、表觀黏度和乳酸菌活力的影響見圖1。從圖1a和圖1b可以看出,隨著PJP替代量的增加,酸奶的初始pH值逐漸降低而,酸奶的初始酸度逐漸增加,這是由于PJP中的有機(jī)酸所致。對(duì)照組、LD、MD和HD組酸奶發(fā)酵至pH值4.6±0.1所需的時(shí)間分別為300、240、260和280 min。與對(duì)照組相比,LD、MD和HD組發(fā)酵時(shí)間分別縮短了60、40和20 min。圖1b還顯示,發(fā)酵后期(240 min以后)各酸奶組之間的酸度沒有明顯的差異(>0.05)。由圖1c可知,對(duì)照組發(fā)酵至180 min開始凝固,而LD、MD和HD分別在第200、240和第260 min開始凝固,可見,PJP推遲了酸奶凝固時(shí)間。從圖1d中可以看出,對(duì)照組中乳酸菌從第100 min開始進(jìn)入指數(shù)增長期并在第160 min時(shí)活力達(dá)到最大值,隨后乳酸菌活力迅速降低;而LD、MD和HD組分別從第120、第160和第180 min開始進(jìn)入指數(shù)增長期,并分別在第200、240和第260 min時(shí)活力達(dá)到最大值。這可能因?yàn)镻JP中的多酚造成乳酸菌指數(shù)增長期的推遲[27]。PJP中的多酚抑制了發(fā)酵初期乳酸菌的生長,但由于PJP中含有比蔗糖更豐富的營養(yǎng)成分,從而在發(fā)酵后期則促進(jìn)了乳酸菌的生長。
注:Control表示不添加PJP的酸奶;LD、MD和HD分別表示添加質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)1%、3%和5%PJP的酸奶。下同。
圖2是4組酸奶在發(fā)酵開始和發(fā)酵至300 min時(shí)的拉曼光譜。從圖2可見,在拉曼位移400 cm-1時(shí),4組酸奶的峰形出現(xiàn)了差異,強(qiáng)度從高到低依次為HD、MD、LD和control組;而在其他拉曼位移時(shí),各組樣品的強(qiáng)度沒有明顯的差異。圖2結(jié)果還顯示,4組酸奶拉曼光譜基本相似,可見,與對(duì)照組相比,PJP替代蔗糖制備的酸奶發(fā)酵后并沒有產(chǎn)生新的物質(zhì)。
從表1可知,LD、MD、HD組酸奶的硬度、稠度、黏聚性和黏度指數(shù)均高于與對(duì)照組,并且均隨著PJP替代量的增加而增大;1%PJP替代1%蔗糖即可顯著提高酸奶的硬度和稠度(<0.05),3%PJP替代3%蔗糖時(shí),酸奶的黏聚性和黏度指數(shù)明顯增大(<0.05)。這可能由于PJP中的酚類與酸奶中的蛋白質(zhì)相互作用,從而增強(qiáng)了蛋白質(zhì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)凝膠的強(qiáng)度,從而使酸奶具備更好的質(zhì)構(gòu)特征[5]。
注:圖例中相同英文第一個(gè)(上面)代表發(fā)酵開始光譜,第二個(gè)(下面)代表發(fā)酵結(jié)束光譜。
表1 PJP替代量對(duì)酸奶質(zhì)地的影響
注:同一列不同字母表示顯著性差異,<0.05,下同。
Note: Different letters in the same column indicate significant differences,<0.05, the same below.
從圖3a可知,在剪切頻率范圍內(nèi),對(duì)照組、LD、MD和HD組酸奶的儲(chǔ)能模量()均高于損耗模量(),表現(xiàn)出弱凝膠體系的特征。此外,各組酸奶的與均隨著剪切頻率的增大而緩慢增加。與對(duì)照組相比,PJP替代蔗糖增大了酸奶的與,且隨著PJP替代量的增加而增大。從圖3b可知,各組試樣的復(fù)數(shù)黏度均隨著剪切頻率的增加而減小,呈典型的剪切稀化現(xiàn)象;復(fù)數(shù)黏度亦隨著PJP替代量的增加而增大。圖3c結(jié)果表明,當(dāng)剪切頻率低于1 Hz時(shí),各組試樣的表觀黏度變化趨勢(shì)與復(fù)數(shù)黏度相似;但當(dāng)剪切頻率高于1 Hz時(shí),各組試樣的表觀黏度沒有顯著差異。酸奶中總固體含量和性質(zhì)是影響酸奶流變學(xué)性質(zhì)的關(guān)鍵因素,增加酸奶蛋白質(zhì)凝膠網(wǎng)絡(luò)中的作用力,可以使酸奶具有更好的凝膠特性[28]。在本研究中,各組試樣發(fā)酵基質(zhì)中總固體含量相同,因此,從圖3的結(jié)果可以推測(cè),PJP可以使酸奶具有更好的凝膠特性。
圖3 PJP替代量對(duì)酸奶流變特性的影響
從表2可以看出,與對(duì)照組相比,LD、MD和HD組酸奶的總多酚含量、鐵還原抗氧化能力(FRAP)和DPPH·清除率顯著增大(<0.05),且隨著PJP替代量的增加而增大。其中5%PJP完全替代蔗糖組的酸奶,其總多酚含量、FRAP和DPPH清除率分別是對(duì)照組的1.84,2.26和1.76倍。亦有研究發(fā)現(xiàn)添加含有多酚類添加劑的酸奶具有更強(qiáng)的抗氧化活性[29]。PJP富含具有良好抗氧化活性的多酚類物質(zhì),不僅有助于提高酸奶的抗氧化能力,而且賦予酸奶更好的健康功能。
從表3可以看出,PJP的替代水平顯著影響(< 0.05)酸奶的外觀、質(zhì)地和味道,而對(duì)顏色和香味沒有顯著影響(> 0.05)。PJP替代蔗糖對(duì)酸奶的外觀、質(zhì)地和味道有積極的影響,這可能是因?yàn)镻JP中的酚類物質(zhì)與酸奶三維網(wǎng)絡(luò)結(jié)構(gòu)中的酪蛋白相互作用,提高了酸奶的質(zhì)地,從而增加酸奶的外觀、質(zhì)地和味道評(píng)分[5,30]。而PJP替代蔗糖對(duì)酸奶的顏色評(píng)分有略微的的負(fù)面影響,這可能是因?yàn)镻JP未經(jīng)過脫色,從而影響了酸奶的顏色,使酸奶產(chǎn)品色澤偏黃??傮w來說,PJP的替代對(duì)酸奶的感官有正面原因,能夠提高酸奶的整體感官品質(zhì)。
表2 PJP替代量對(duì)酸奶抗氧化性的影響
表3 PJP替代量對(duì)酸奶感官評(píng)價(jià)的影響
本研究分析了PJP替代對(duì)酸奶發(fā)酵過程和酸奶品質(zhì)的影響。結(jié)果表明,PIP縮短了發(fā)酵時(shí)間,對(duì)照組發(fā)酵至pH值4.6±0.1需要300 min,LD、MD和HD組則僅需240、260和280 min,但PIP對(duì)發(fā)酵終了時(shí)基質(zhì)的pH值、可滴定酸度、表觀黏度和拉曼光譜沒有顯著影響。PIP推遲了乳酸菌的指數(shù)生長期,并顯著增大了發(fā)酵完成時(shí)酸奶基質(zhì)中乳酸菌活力,這種促增值效應(yīng)與PIP的替代量呈正相關(guān)。成品酸奶具有更好的質(zhì)地,其硬度、稠度、黏聚性、黏度指數(shù)、儲(chǔ)能模量和損耗模量均高于與對(duì)照組,并且隨著PJP替代量的增加而增大。PJP替代能夠顯著提高酸奶的抗氧化活性,當(dāng)PJP完全替代蔗糖時(shí),總多酚含量、FRAP和DPPH·清除率分別提升至對(duì)照組的1.84、2.26和1.76倍。酸奶質(zhì)構(gòu)的改善和抗氧化活性的提高可能與PJP中含有多酚有關(guān)。PJP不僅能夠提高酸奶的品質(zhì)和感官評(píng)價(jià),而且能夠使酸奶具備更好的健康益處,有望替代蔗糖制作更健康的酸奶。
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Pomegranate juice powder improving quality attributes of yogurts by replacing sucrose in fermentation matrix
Pan Lihua1,2, Liu Fei1, Liu Rui1, Luo Shuizhong1,2※, Luo Jianping1
(1.,,230009,230009,)
Pomegranate is rich in polyphenols and is an excellent source of antioxidants, such as polyphenolic substance. However, the concentration of the harvest time, poor shape and inconvenient for eating have limited the sale of pomegranates. Therefore, the processing of pomegranate is beneficial to the appreciation of pomegranate resources. Yogurt a good carrier for bioactive compounds that may offer additional health benefits, is a fermented dairy product suitable for all ages, and the new type yogurts with high qualities and extra functions are more favored by consumers. In order to accelerate the development of pomegranate processing industry, enrich the variety of yogurts and improve the quality of yogurts, in this paper, 1%, 3% and 5% pomegranate juice powder (PJP) whose contents of total carbohydrate, soluble protein and total polyphenols were 0.88 g/g, less than 1.0 mg/g and 0.471 0 mg/g, respectively, was used to replace sucrose in the matrix of set yogurt and the effects of PJP replacement on the parameters in fermentation process, including pH value, titratable acidity, apparent viscosity and lactic acid bacteria vitality were analyze. The Raman spectra, textural properties, rheological properties, total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of the set yogurt with and without PJP replacement were compared. The results indicated that PJP instead of sucrose does not significantly change the pH value, titrable acidity, apparent viscosity and Raman spectrum of the yogurt matrix at the end of fermentation, but the substitution of PJP had a significant (< 0.05) effect on lactic acid bacteria during fermentation and the properties of yogurt. The replacement of sucrose by PJP defered the solidification time of yogurt, the exponential growth time and the maximum activity time of lactic acid bacteria, but it significantly (<0.05) increased the maximum activity of lactic acid bacteria in yogurt. It took the control, LD, MD and HD groups 300 minutes, 240 minutes, 260 minutes and 280 minutes, respectively, to reach (4.6±0.1) of pH value, suggesting PJP replacement shortened the fermentation time. The lactic acid bacteria activity of the pomegranate yogurt was 6-7 times that of the control yogurt at the completion of fermentation. What's more, the substitution of PJP could significantly improve the quality of yogurt. The firmness, consistency, cohesiveness and index of viscosity of the control were (65.6±1.9) g, (939.8±61.8) g·s, (14.5±0.8) g and (36.5±9.2) g·s, respectively; while the HD group showed 1.84, 2.26 and 1.76 times that of the control, respectively. PJP-replacement yogurt showed better texture, viscoelasticity and antioxidant activity. Compared with the control, when sucrose was completely replaced by PJP, the total polyphenol content, FRAP and DPPH clearance rate were 1.84 times, 2.26 times and 1.76 times, respectively. Sensory test results showed that PJP substitution of sucrose had a positive effect on the appearance, texture and taste of yogurt, which may be related to the phenolic substance in PJP and the casein interaction in yogurt. PJP can significantly improve the health benefits and quality of yogurt, which is expected to replace sucrose to make healthier yogurt.
fermentation; textures; viscosity; pomegranate juice powder; set yogurt; rheological properties; quality
10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.13.036
TS252.54
A
1002-6819(2019)-13-0300-06
2019-03-29
2019-06-24
國家重點(diǎn)研發(fā)項(xiàng)目(No. 2018YFD0401104);安徽省科技攻關(guān)重大項(xiàng)目(No. 17030701014; No. 17030701022);安徽省大學(xué)生創(chuàng)新訓(xùn)練計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2018CXCYS198)
潘利華,博士,副教授,研究方向?yàn)檗r(nóng)產(chǎn)品加工及利用研究。Email:panlihua@hfut.edu.cn
羅水忠,博士,教授,主要從事農(nóng)產(chǎn)品加工及利用研究。Email:luoshuizhong@hfut.edu.cn
潘利華,劉 飛,劉 銳,羅水忠,羅建平.石榴汁粉替代發(fā)酵基質(zhì)中蔗糖提升酸奶品質(zhì)[J]. 農(nóng)業(yè)工程學(xué)報(bào),2019,35(13):300-305. doi:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.13.036 http://www.tcsae.org
Pan Lihua, Liu Fei, Liu Rui, Luo Shuizhong, Luo Jianping.Pomegranate juice powder improving quality attributes of yogurts by replacing sucrose in fermentation matrix[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering (Transactions of the CSAE), 2019, 35(13): 300-305. (in Chinese with English abstract) doi:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.13.036 http://www.tcsae.org