Abstracts of Main Essays

ModernityFragmentsandUtopianFantasyofPerfectionExistence
——AnalysisonModernPeople’sEthicalPredicamentofSelf-Practice

YUAN Zu-she

As a kind of civilization and deep destiny that cannot be escaped, modernity is to some extent involved in the logic of the choice of culture, value and survival possibilities of the nation in the modernization drive, and it also brings inevitable and necessary consequences. Modernity is a systematic discipline that any individual trying to enter a modern society must undergo. The substantive enlightenment of modernity to the “modern man” itself lies in “how one can achieve oneself ” and “how to be oneself ”. It is also a matter of “self-practice” of the person who is the subject of spiritual life. In the sense of rationality, the core is the generation and establishment of human autonomy, self-sufficiency, and self-identity, involving the generation premise and the establishment of practical strategies. That is what exactly hominology encodes. Instead of an intrinsic element and an indispensable part of man’s self-achievement, modernity has become a force contrary to man’s self-certainty. To realize perfect existence is the dream of modern people. Modern people who are under heavy burden and pressure, due to their limited individual strength, can hardly go against the tough reality including abruption of body and heart, loss of value, and confusion of meaning caused by modernity. They are constantly seeking solutions and appropriate paths for self-survival in a reasonable and legitimate sense. From the perspective of the future, there is a long, hard journey to go before modern people can gain self-practice and self-salvation. However, it has been an inexhaustible driving force in leading modern people to strive forward towards the ideal of the free development of human beings described by classical writers of Marxism by means of going beyond the barriers of the first modernization caused by the old “modernity” enlightenment and getting a new life again.

AnalysisonLocalizedConstructionofChineseNGOs’EthicsinModernChineseContext

LI Jian-hua，ZHOU Qiong

Due to the disruption characteristics of modern society, the separation between the rational society and the world of daily life leads to the unification of social values and the disorder of social morality, which provides developmental space for the revival of local knowledge；The ethics of NGOs originating from the West is essentially a kind of local knowledge constructed through multiple social realities. In the process of entering our country’s specific cultural and social environment, it has encountered multiple dilemmas in governance concepts, administrative control, interpersonal structure, and semantic expression. This requires reasonable reference to the appropriate concepts of the ethical spirit of Western NGOs, conbination with localized reality, strengthening the dialogue between NGOs and the government, encouraging self-development of the organization, constructing modern gratitude ethics, and seeking appropriate moral expressions, in order to find a reasonable Chinese plan for the local construction of NGO ethics.

AnalysisonPresuppositionfromPerspectiveofAI-Driven“PDRT+CCG”

ZOU Chong-li，WU Rui-feng

Presupposition has always been the hot topic in logic and linguistics. Philosophers were the first proposed the concept of presupposition. Since then, the academic community has discussed presupposition from the perspectives of logic, syntax, semantics and pragmatics, but its findings lack the advantages of computing. Nowadays, in the highly developed artificial intelligence, it has not been favored by computational linguistics. Therefore, the PDRT+CCG with computational advantages is an ideal way for presupposition processing. PDRT+CCG is believed that presupposition information is driven by vocabulary, that is to say, “presupposition trigger” will cause presupposition phenomena. PDRT+CCG assigns semantic representation to each lexical entry through PDRS with λ-constraint, and then gradually deduces the semantics of the presupposition sentence according to the combination principle. This can meet the needs of computing, and provide certain theoretical support for the field of natural language understanding and processing by way of artificial intelligence.

WhatCanWeLearnfromAnalyticPhilosophy?

WANG Lu

Truth is the central concept of analytic philosophy, which shows the direct and close links between truth and meaning. Based on the point of view of analytic philosophy, the importance of the concept of truth can be also revealed in traditional philosophy. For instance, Aristotle says that it is true to say what is to be; Kant says that one has to ask for the universal criterion of truth for knowledge; and Hegel says that the sense certainty only expresses “it is”, while it shows the most abstract and incomplete truth. From what the philosopher say about truth we can learn that their concern for the concept of truth exists throughout history in the study of philosophy, especially in metaphysics. And its role and importance for philosophy is absolute and necessary.

ChineseTeaasaCulturalMedium：
HistoricalStudyofFormation，F(xiàn)eaturesandValuesof“TheWanliTeaRoute”

HUANG Bai-quan，Ping Ying-zhi

“TheWanliTeaRoute”, an international trade route spanning more than 13,000 kilometers in Eurasia from the 17th century to the early 20th century, is another century artery after the “Silk Road”. As the heritage of cultural routes, “TheWanliTeaRoute” has undergone the cognitive process from the historical remains “The Tea Road” to “The Wanli Tea Road” to the cultural route “TheWanliTeaRoute”. “TheWanliTeaRoute” has the following characteristics, wide space and complex environment, multipul starting points and prominent center, multi-level radial network distribution of transportation route, and so on. It is a multi-dimensional, intangible existence of globalizing “production, transportation and marketing” road network with tea as a medium. In the historical process of opening-up, development and prosperity of “TheWanliTeaRoute”, it develops and presents its unique value, such as the ecological value, historical value, cultural value, economic value and cultural exchange value, which constitutes a cultural treasure shared by all mankind. While witnessing the history, “TheWanliTeaRoute” is of great significance to the development of today’s economy, society and culture.

DiachronicSyntacticalPerspectiveonSourceStructureofChineseFocusMarker“Shi”

SHI Qin，MA Bi

Most scholars believe that focus marker “shi”(be) derives from the copula “shi”. This paper discusses the source structure of focus marker “shi” in a diachronic perspective. Based on different syntactic positions, “shi” has different evolutional paths: in the middle position，it is developed from the pseudo-clefts “NP1+shi+NP2suo V”and other construction “NPVP1+shi+VP2”，as copula“shi” is reanalyzed as focus marker “shi”；in the initial position，it’s essentially the copula with zero subject，originating from the sentence with consecutive predicates “NP1shi NP2+VP”。

StudyofFeaturesandImplicationsofPreliminaryEnrollmentExaminationsofTsinghuaSchool
TargetedfortheChineseOverseasStudentsPromotionProgram

ZHANG Ya-qun，PANG Yao

As a preparatory school for Chinese students studying in the United States, the enrollment examination and school running activities of Tsinghua School benefit each other and can integrate the Chinese culture into Western culture, which has a profound impact on the development of Chinese higher education, science and culture in the 20th century. It carries out the model of “cultivation and selection”, strict enrollment examination, phased development of enrollment source, scale and level, and wide distribution of students. These characteristics reflect the requirements of enrollment policy in the United States and meet the objective needs of the selection of overseas talents, which are the results of the interaction of various factors. Learning from its practical experience, we need to pay attention to the mutual promotion of examination selection and school education, strengthen the connection of secondary and higher education, coordinate the relationship between enrollment examination fairness and regional equity, adhere to the principle of paying equal attention to Chinese culture and western learning, correctly grasp the policy orientation of studying abroad and returning service, and take further steps to improve the quality and international competitive power of higher education in China.

AnalysisonPracticalEfficiencyandInstitutionalPromotionofChineseRural
CommunityConsultationintheNewEra

CHEN Rong-zhuo，LIU Ya-nan

Rural community consultation is the rural practical form of socialist consultative democracy with Chinese characteristics. Under the background of rural revitalization in the new era, it should be based on the grass-roots mass autonomy system, gradually transformed the institutional advantages of autonomy and consultation into the governance efficiency of rural governance modernization, through perfecting the connotation and extension of grass-roots mass autonomy. In recent years, the practice of community governance innovation shows that rural community consultation is carrying the value of safeguarding the democratic rights of the masses, helping the rural revitalization, promoting the modernization of the rural governance system and governance capacity. But it is urgent to break through the problems of remolding and running the consultative governance relationship, regulating and running the consultative governance mechanism, and spreading and running the consultative governance system. Effective rural community consultation, a virtuous cycle process, is not only a democratic governance mechanism, but also a community governance mechanism. We must pay attention to the dialectical unity of individuality and integrity development. Therefore, it is necessary to promote the institutional integration of rural governance, enhance the vitality of rural community consultation, increase the flexibility, enhance the efficiency, and strengthen the identity, so as to form a “orderly participation-effective governance” good situation.