音樂在不同文化中是否相似？

吳安運

音樂的類型多種多樣，那么它會不會受地域的影響呢？

聽力掃障

1. ethnographic /，eθn 'ɡr f k/ ?adj. 民族志學(xué)的

2. emerge / 'm ?d / ?v. 出現(xiàn);暴露

3. diverse / 'da v ?s/ ?adj. 不同的;多種多樣的

掃碼聽測

I. 判斷正誤

聽下段錄音并閱讀3個簡短的陳述，根據(jù)錄音內(nèi)容判斷這些陳述是否符合所聽內(nèi)容，考查重點是學(xué)生對意義的理解能力和信息獲取能力。

In this section， you will hear a passage. After you hear the passage， decide whether each of the statement is correct （A）， incorrect （B） or not mentioned （C）.

II. 聽力理解

聽下面的文章，完成各個部分的練習(xí)。從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。文章讀三遍。

1. Who was the lead author of a report on the study

A. Samuel Mehr.

B. Manvir Singh.

C. Luke Glowacki.

2. What did Singh think of childrens' lullabies

A. Fast and cheerful.

B. Peaceful and attractive.

C. Slow and fluid.

3. How many societies did the researchers study

A. Sixteen.

B. Sixty.

C. Thirty.

4. Why do dance songs sound a certain way around the world

A. Dance songs have a specific function.

B. Different countries have different cultures.

C. Dancers around the wold are different from each other.

Love songs， dance tunes， bed time songs for children-all of these kinds of music share patterns across cultures， a new study finds. Researchers who set up the study say this suggests a commonality in the way human minds create music. The findings were reported in Science magazine. Samuel Mehr was the lead author of a report on the study. He is a research associate in psychology at Harvard University in Massachusetts.

Mehr noted that the study supports “the idea that there is some sort of set of governing rules for how human minds produce music worldwide.” He and other researchers studied musical recordings and ethnographic records from 60 societies around the world. They looked at a mix of very different cultures， such as the Highland Scots in Scotland， Nyangatom nomads in Ethiopia， and Aranda hunter-gatherers in Australia.The researchers found that music had a link with behaviors such as dancing and loving， among others.

Manvir Singh is a graduate student in Harvard's department of human evolutionary biology and a co-author of the study. Singh noted that childrens' lullabies were likely to be slow and fluid while dance songs tended to be fast and lively. Another co-author of the study was Luke Glowacki， an anthropology professor at the Pennsylvania State University. He noted that the social purpose of the music influences how it sounds. He said， “Dance songs sound a certain way around the world because they have a specific function. Lullabies around the world sound a certain way because they have a specific function. If music were entirely shaped by culture and not human psychology you wouldn't expect these deep similarities to emerge in extremely diverse cultures.”

Glowacki noted how amazing the musical patterns across cultures were. He said， “The fact that a lullaby， healing song or dance song from the British Isles or anywhere else in the world has many musical features in common with the same kind of song from hunter-gatherers in Australia or horticulturalists in Africa is remarkable.”