葉麗紅 陳瀟楷
[摘要]目的 分析呼吸道感染病原體分布特點,為治療呼吸道感染提供病原體證據(jù)。方法 選取惠州市第一人民醫(yī)院2013~2018年臨床診斷為呼吸道感染患者的血標本,采用間接免疫熒光法(IFA)檢測9種病原體IgM抗體,分析9種病原體在年齡和季節(jié)的分布差異。結果 13 345例患者9種病原體IgM抗體總陽性率為42.17%,IgM抗體陽性率排名前三的病原體為肺炎支原體(31.17%)、乙型流感病毒(13.38%)、副流感病毒(7.78%)。少年組肺炎支原體和乙型流感病毒IgM抗體陽性率均高于老年組。流感病毒IgM抗體陽性率以春冬兩季較高,嗜肺軍團菌IgM抗體陽性率以秋冬較高,而肺炎支原體IgM抗體陽性率無明顯季節(jié)差異。結論 呼吸道感染的病原體具有年齡和季節(jié)分布特點,但肺炎支原體和乙型流感病毒仍是各年齡及各季節(jié)中最主要的病原體。
[關鍵詞]呼吸道感染;IgM抗體;病原體;肺炎支原體;流感病毒
[中圖分類號] R373.1 ? ? ? ? ?[文獻標識碼] A ? ? ? ? ?[文章編號] 1674-4721(2020)6(b)-0170-03
[Abstract] Objective To analyze the distribution of respiratory tract infection pathogens and provide evidence for the treatment of respiratory tract infection. Methods The blood samples of patients with respiratory tract infection in the First Peopole′s Hospital of Huizhou from 2013 to 2018 were detected by indirect immunofluorescence (IFA), and the distribution difference of 9 respiratory pathogens in age and season was analyzed. Results The total positive rate of IgM antibody among 9 pathogens in 13 345 patients was 42.17%, and the top three pathogens in IgM antibody positive rate were Mycoplasma pneumoniae (31.17%), Influenza B virus (13.38%) and Parainfluenza virus (7.78%). The positive rates of IgM antibody to Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Influenza B virus in the juvenile group were higher than those in the elderly group. The positive rate of IgM antibody of Influenza virus was higher in spring and winter, while that of Legionella pneumophila was higher in autumn and winter. However, there was no significant seasonal difference in the IgM antibody positive rate of Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Conclusion The pathogens of respiratory tract infection were related to age and season, but Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Influenza B virus were still the most important pathogens of all ages and seasons.
[Key words] Respiratory tract infection; IgM antibody; Pathogens; Mycoplasma pneumoniae; Influenza virus
呼吸道感染是兒童時期最常見的感染性疾病,嚴重影響兒童的身體健康,常見病原體有病毒、支原體、衣原體、細菌和真菌等[1]。由于同一種病原體能引起多種臨床表現(xiàn),同一種臨床表現(xiàn)又可能是多種病原體導致,因此,通過病原體聯(lián)合檢測及早確定感染病原體,從而為臨床治療提供參考依據(jù)[2],做到早發(fā)現(xiàn)早治療,避免抗生素的濫用。另外,呼吸道病原體感染率各地區(qū)報道不盡相同,因此,掌握本區(qū)域呼吸道感染病原體的流行趨勢,對疾病的預防、診斷和治療具有重要的指導意義。為了解廣東省惠州地區(qū)呼吸道感染病原體特點,本研究回顧性分析總結惠州市第一人民醫(yī)院13 345例呼吸道感染患者9種呼吸道病原體IgM抗體檢測結果,現(xiàn)報道如下。
1資料與方法
1.1 一般資料
選取2013年1月~2018年12月惠州市第一人民醫(yī)院門診和住院共13 345例患者作為研究對象,其中男8341例,女5004例,患者主要以急性呼吸道感染如發(fā)熱、咳嗽或咳痰等臨床癥狀就診,排除非感染因素引起的呼吸道癥狀患者。年齡分組依據(jù)世界衛(wèi)生組織(WHO)分類標準,分為少年組(<18歲),青年組(18~44歲)、中年組(45~59歲)、老年組(>59歲)。季節(jié)分組依據(jù)根據(jù)我國氣候特征,春季3~5月,夏季6~8月,秋季9~11月,冬季12~2月。